Investigation of the effect of helmet inner layer material on reducing the stress on the human skull and reducing the amount of damage using numerical simulation

Every year, accidents and accidents caused by the pursuit of military motorcyclists cause numerous injuries to these people, such as head fractures and brain injuries. Therefore, achieving the most appropriate helmet to moderate the amount of damage to the head can significantly help protect the head of these people.

First, a standard helmet model was modeled three-dimensionally and was subjected to FEM numerical analysis by applying an impact load to the front of the head by Abacus software. In this study, two common types of foam helmet foam were compared. The designed helmet also had 2 layers and the human skull had 2 layers.

The maximum displacement in the helmet with the inner monolayer XPS, EPS and in the case without the helmet was 12.7, 14.3 and 17.5 mm, respectively. Similar numbers for stress were 185.9, 204.9 and 382.6 MPa, respectively.

The results showed that when applying an impact load to the front of the head, the maximum tension and displacement in the helmet with the inner layer of XPS are 10.2% and 11.1% less than the case of using EPS foam. Therefore, a helmet with an XPS inner layer is a better option to mitigate the damage to the head.