A critical review of solutions to resource curse

This article examines the common and major solutions that have been implemented in recent decades by countries rich in natural resources to face the destructive effects of these resources and strengthen their positive effects. For this purpose, six main solutions including macroeconomic policies to deal with the cyclicality of financial policies, decentralization, privatization, diversification, direct distribution and institutional reforms have been examined along with their related sub-solutions. Then, relying on various researches that have been done in the field of the consequences and efficiency of each of the solutions, we have criticized them. These criticisms are often divided into two categories, inside and outside the discourse, and the focus of outside-the-discourse criticisms is focused on the inappropriateness of the conditions and the lack of preparation of platforms for the implementation of many of these strategies in different regions of the world. In the end, while emphasizing the lack of a single solution, and at the same time, the possibility of efficiency of each of the solutions in special conditions, and taking into account the historical coordinates of their implementation, we have presented new perspectives to understand these coordinates.