Evaporation control from the water surface using silica nanostructure material (Case study: Karkheh Dam Lake)

Due to global warming and the increase in the population of the planet, maintaining and protecting available water resources is very important. One of the factors that has caused the reduction of water resources today is the increase in the rate of evaporation from the level of water stored in water resources. In this study, using the experimental results obtained from the work of Sina Bashir et al., the evaporation rate of the lake behind the Karkheh Dam has been modeled. This modeling has been done using the neural-adaptive fuzzy inference system. The approach of this system is considered the Mamdani approach in this modeling because this approach has a very good performance in modeling dynamic and natural processes such as evaporation. According to the laboratory results, in the presence of silica nanostructured material at 28, 32 and 40 degrees Celsius and wind conditions of 4 meters per second (similar to the prevailing wind around the Karkheh dam), the evaporation rate decreases by 33, 32 and 30%, respectively. In this modeling, the rate of reduction of evaporation is entered into the modeling as a coefficient according to the laboratory results, and as a result, the rate of evaporation obtained is the result of the decrease in the presence of nanostructured material. In this modeling, considering the creation of a nanostructured thermal insulation cover for only 20% of the lake surface, 2 million cubic meters of water can be saved and saved.