Divine Agency from Sohrawardi's Point of View

The Divine agency, the mode of creation and the appearance of plurality in the universe, are three synonymous words of an important philosophical question in Neoplatonism and Islamic philosophy. The rule of»Alvahed«(the rule about Divine agency) is one of the important elements of the Divine agency’s theory in the above mentioned schools. The root of this rule could be found in the works of Plotinus and Aristotle. There are more exact and more complete explanations in Farabi's and Ibn-Sina’s points of view. The important questions about this rule are: To what extent it can explain the mode of Divine agency and the plurality? How mach the Farabi-Ibn-Sina’s system rely on this rule? And how does Sohrawardi criticize this rule and what is his explanation about it? Shihab al-Din Sohrawardi (1155-1191), who was the reviewer and the revivalist of»Hekmat«(Islamic philosophy), reformed the rule and produced a new formula of it; he limited the rule to the relation between God (Alvahed) and first creature, but argued the direct relation between God and all creatures, and reject the astronomic propositions, and explained the procession of plurality from»Alvahed«.