نشریه پدافند غیر عامل و امنیت
پیاپی 12 (بهار 1394)

With a deep look at the nature of psychological operation and communication development, you find that one of the most effective tools in victory or defeat in war has gradually developed its role in the armed forces and defense and military policies of countries. In this context, the United States, in recent years, has started extensive propaganda using mass media, advanced tools such as the Internet and satellite in the form of cultural assault, the strategy of dual containment, imposing sanctions and sabotage acts in different aspects. The US has focused a substantial portion of its psychological operation against the armed forces and the Iranian Army; therefore, in the absence of strong mental and spiritual capabilities inspired by the teachings and rich Islamic culture among employees and their families there will be severe problems and deviation in the army community. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the office of the Army psychological operation against the US psychological operation. The population of the study includes commanders, experts and scholars in the armed forces using stratified sampling method of selection of the experts as whole. The study was practical at aim and descriptive in method. After library studies, a questionnaire, a descriptive and inferential statistical method as well as several meeting with experts were used to identify the army actions in two fields of hardware and software aspects and examine the influence or lack of influence of actions in order to neutralize various aspects of the US psychological operation.

Today, oil refining industry is one of the most complex industries in the world. By refining crude oil major and basic products can be produced which is required by many industries. Obviously managing such a huge industry needs to professional and experienced manpower. On the other hand, one of the threats to oil industry caused by various reasons including lack of attention to the safety rules, regulations and instructions is the risk of human error. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the vulnerabilities of oil refining facilities against manmade errors. Since the study is based on descriptive method, to test the hypotheses of behavioral vulnerability (due to low organizational culture and safety) and functional vulnerability (due to lack of training and supervision) the methods of questionnaires, interviews and library study were used. Statistical population of the study were chosen among experts and professionals including managers, personnel and HSE (Health, Safety, Environment) experts in oil industry associated with the refining field and its vulnerabilities (a total of 67 people). Due to the limited number of the population, this number was taken as sample population. The findings indicate that identifying the functional vulnerability (due to the weakness of training and supervision) in one of the oil refining facilities can have a huge effect on reducing physical and financial losses. Hence, it is possible to deal with manmade accidents in these facilities and new projects by offering appropriate plans.

Networks and communication equipment are among the main infrastructures of command and control systems of the battlefield, which are always considered as targets for enemy electronic warfare measures. Enemy electronic warfare measures against electronic warfare communication systems are performed in two parts; electronic support and electronic attack. This paper aims to "identifying protecting communication systems against opponents' electronic support measures with the approach of passive defense, the independent variable of "protection of radio communications and the dependent variable "opponents' electronic support measures" The research was performed by descriptive – analytic method. The article with the assumption of "protecting radio communications, against opponents' electronic support measures done by the use of active and passive methods" tries to answer this fundamental question that "how the radio communication systems against opponents' electronic support measures can be protected". The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by researchers and interviews were set with the army experts in the field of electronic warfare and communication. The validity of the research was confirmed by using the Delphi method, and its reliability was set through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 91.83%. The data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential method, the hypotheses was tested by T-tack sample and prioritizing the components was performed by Friedman tool. According to the results, the protection of electronic communication systems is done in two ways; active and passive, which must be considered in operational designing, producing and utilizing of communication systems and even after that.

The use of modern control technologies such as RFID in the field of protection of critical and important assets requires serious attention to physical and non-physical vulnerabilities (Cyber, communication, etc.) associated with the use of such technologies. The purpose of this paper is to reckon the requirements for using such a technology in improving the security of classified information in Ministry of Defense. In this regard, this question was raised "what the requirements for using RFID technology in improving the security of MoD classified information with an emphasis on passive defense are." To answer the research hypotheses (the requirements of enhancing the security of classified information in MoD with the use of this technology) it was cleared that they are the requirements of information cycle security, the requirements of the technology user staff and the requirements of the technology infrastructure security. In order to achieve the objectives of the research while we performed some interviews we also used a 35-item questionnaire designed in Likert spectrum and by using a descriptive analysis method the collected data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistic methods. At the end of the study, regarding the confirm of the original hypothesis, some practical proposals for improving information technology security relevant to the requirements of information cycle security, the requirements of the technology user staff and the requirements of the technology infrastructure security were offered.

This paper seeks to answer the question "what impact human development has on ethnic crisis management in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. It was assumed that human development through increasing life expectancy, literacy rate and rise in GDP per capita would facilitate the ethnic crisis management in the province. In this descriptive-analytic article, the research population consist of 80 governorate experts, managers, governors along with university professors of Sistan and Baluchestan, who were taken into account as the sample population and were familiar with the issues of human development and ethnic problems. Data collection was performed through library and field study by the tool of a suitable questionnaire. The research validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained through 0/88 Cronbach's Alpha. Data analysis has been done by qualitative and quantitative method using Chi-Square and Friedman test. The results show while human development can prevent political mobilization and creating crises against the central government, it can strengthen the ethnic support from country's political management. To examine measures taken to prevent the ethnic crises, human development can be used to take into account the quality of life of people in a geographic area. In this regard, the government's indicators such as psychological comfort, ease of access and promotion of educational facilities and creating a positive balance in the distribution of income, compared to other provinces, have the greatest influence on the province's ethnic crisis management.

To identify and study the passive defense considerations against information technology vulnerabilities in social security organization this study was performed by the independent variable of passive defense and the dependent variable of information technology vulnerabilities through descriptive analysis method. This study with the assumption of "passive defense measures and considerations of technology and management in the field of information technology cause the reduction of the vulnerabilities by the use of information technology in the social security organization" tries to answer this fundamental question "what the passive defense measures and considerations against the IT vulnerabilities of social security organization are". The tool for data collection was a questionnaire made by the researchers and interviews with the experts in the field of passive defense and social security organization. The validity of the research was confirmed by using the Delphi method and the reliability was set through using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.9406. The data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential method and prioritizing the components was performed by Friedman Test. According to the results, the passive defense considerations of information technology and communication in social security organization include two parts; technological and managerial considerations. Based on the results, the researcher has offered some practical and applied suggestions.

Water is a source of life. The most important human need primarily is to drinking and then is its use in other applications. Drinking water has become a scarce commodity in many parts of the world; therefore, due to the current situation and the available statistics and digits, Iran will be among the drier countries in 1410. Considering the significant water shortage in our country, especially in Yazd Province and the sensitivity and importance of Water Transmission Project of Koohrang water spas to Yazd and the need to maintain stability and security of the province in terms of function and structure, the security vulnerabilities of the transmission line has been investigated. The main question is "What the security vulnerabilities of Koohrang Water Transmission Project to Yazd are?" In addition, the main hypothesis is that "the major vulnerabilities and security threats to Koohrang Project include human, technical and natural ones." In the present study the theoretical foundations of security based on the security function has been considered through descriptive - analytical research method, and the data was collected through library and field study. To collect the field data, a questionnaire was distributed among the relevant professionals and technical experts and senior security officials of the Province, and the data was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, using SPSS software. The results confirmed the original hypothesis that is the transmission line project faces human, technical and natural vulnerabilities.