مجله تحقیقات اقتصاد کشاورزی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1399)

The aim of study was to investigate the factors influencing the choice of the type of contract of sale of cotton by farmers in the city of Gonbad-e Kavus in Golestan province. The sample of 200 farmers was randomly selected for the study and cross-sectional data were collected using the questionnaires and interviews. To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the multinomial logistic regression is used. The results of this study showed that in the cross-sectional 2014-2015, common contracts for sales of the cotton product were including Cash, Amani, and Forward contracts. Also, 42%, 36% and 22% of cotton farmers sold their cotton by Cash, Amani, and Forward contracts respectively. Also the results of the multinomial logistic regression showed that marketing agents, the risk perception cotton market index, and risk aversion index variables have a significant positive effect on the choice of the type of Amani and Forward contracts than cash contract and on the other hand education level, work experience in agriculture, farm ownership, cotton acreage, non-farm income, and precautionary savings variables have a significant negative.

Agricultural land use change caused reducing the employment and food security and increase migration phenomena also. On the other hand, intensification of land use would require huge investments in land improvements to restore fertility of the land. Therefore, conducting investigations on factors affecting land use change seems necessary. This study examines effecting factors on agricultural land use change in the Dezful County. Data for this study was collected through field study by conducting a questionnaire among 205 agricultural exploiters of Dezful County during 2014-2015 crop year applying stratified sampling. To achieve there search’s goal, the logit regression models are applied. The results show that variables like age, family dimension and the space of farm-land have a significant and positive impact while variables like: number family members employed in agriculture, lands distance from the downtown, the land rent, farmers' attitude toward preservation of agricultural land use, considering agriculture as the main occupation and finally quality and fertility of the lands have shown the significant and negative impact on agricultural land use change.

Support policies for agricultural sector are among the most important economic policies in developed as well as developing countries. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of consumer and producer support policies on the investment in agricultural sector was studied using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) during the 1981-2013 period. The results show that producer and consumer support policies in agricultural sector have had a positive and significant effect on the investment in agricultural sector. According to the results, the ratio of labor force to agricultural land in the studied period showed a negative effect on investment in agricultural sector of the country, indicating a substitutional relationship between labor and capital. On the other hand, the variable of consumer price index has a negative effect on investment in agricultural sector. That is, the real interest rate, which is the difference between inflation and nominal interest rate, decreases with increasing inflation, leading to reduced investment. Also, the ECM variance coefficient of the model, which indicates the modulation rate of the short-term dynamic

Undoubting, the most important goals of establishing commodity exchange market are the existence of a lawful market, transparency of prices and transactions, omitting the unnecessary middlemen and affiliation of consumers and producers. At this study, using a SWOT analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, threatens and opportunities are determined to achieve a suitable construction in Shiraz agricultural commodity exchange market and determining the strategies. Then, in order to achieve the best strategy, the paired comparisons of experts from the Agricultural Stock Exchange, which were completed by the questionnaire, were analyzed by the Super Decision software using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Analysis (AHP) method in 1395. The results indicate that bank credit with low interest has the most priority and establishing the marketing group has the least priority between the strategies.

Rice is one of the most important and strategic cereal in human consumption. Because of population growth and instability in rice price, household’s rice demand subject is important. This study investigate the effect of price and income changes on rice consumption in different level (threshold level) of income. This paper uses time series data from 1991-2014 and two regime threshold regression model. This paper with exploring nonlinearity in the rice demand structure shows that income elasticity for the income level less than 15 Million Rial is positive and negatively significant income elasticity for the income level greater than 15. Results of price elasticity shows that it is constant to -0.25 for all income level. This paper suggests the use of threshold regression may be necessary in situation of changing demand structure.

Achieving proper economic growth and understanding the factors affecting it are among the most important goals of macroeconomics. New studies show the high impact of health, education and food inflation on economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of food inflation and health expenditures on Iranian economic growth during the years 1974-2015. In this regard, the simultaneous effect of food inflation and health expenditures on economic growth was evaluated by using ARDL method. The results showed that food inflation had a negative effect on economic growth but health expenditures had a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Also, the results showed that the literacy rate, capital and labor taking part had a positive and significant effect on economic growth. The error correction model factor represents a good modulation rate. Other results showed that the coefficients were stable.

Paying attention to the food industry and the increasing and growing importance of the issue of healthy and nutrient food production is a valuable opportunity for local producers to increase the level of production by identifying target markets and customers, and thereby increasing producer income per capita, Increase employment and increase value added. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the level of consumption of local and native dairy products among households in Kermanshah. Data and information were collected by completing 233 questionnaires by simple sampling method with an appropriate assignment in Kermanshah city in 2017. Because of the ordering nature of the information, the ordered logit model has been used in order to assess the level of native dairy products consumption. The results of the model showed that household income, brand loyalty, indigenous diversity, distribution and access to indigenous products, the form of supply and packaging of products, and the history of consumption of native products could have a positive and significant effect on the level of native local consumption.

The purpose of this study is investigation unit root and structural break for export value of pistachio, raisin and dates from employing annual time series data(1974-2014).The first step in this study is using the traditional unit root tests Because of traditional unit root tests may incorrectly indicate that there is a unit root in a series, we use Zivot-Andrews (1992) methodology and Lumsdaine & Papell (1997) methodology that to make robust conclusions about the time series properties of data. The results of traditional unit root test provide no evidence against the uni troot null hypothesis in all variables under study. For indicate the unit root test with existence of structural break from Zivot-Andrews (1992) methodology and Lumsdaine & Papell (1997) methodology are used. The Results from the ZA test and LP test indicate that respectively one and two out of the tree variables under investigation became stationary.Based on from results, exchange rate is the most influential factors in determining date of structural break.

The aim of this research is to set out to answer that, in the selected countries that are facing the challenge of drought and shortage of water, what kind of relationship exists between economic growth and water consumption. The method of this research is both descriptive and regression-oriented and is carried out by investigating the panel data statistics of some 60 countries during the years 1992-2012 and via the panel data analysis method. The gentility of the research lies in achieving the relationship between per capita economic growth and per capita water consumption in Iran. The findings of the research show that there exists a bell-shaped relationship between the economic growth and the consumption of water, such that with increases in the per capita income, the water consumption rises to the point which is the point of maximum of the foregoing bell, and as the economic growth continues, the consumption falls further and further short of the maximum. Moreover, the rate of urbanization has been found to have a considerable influence on the water consumption.

Today, with the spread of inequality in different parts of the world, societies face uncertainty about the needs of life, one of them is food security. Iran is considered as a high-risk region, and the difference in food security across the provinces of the country is widely visible.. In the present study, FSI index and Quantile Regression method were used in the years 1979-2017 based on two scenarios to study Food Security in Kermanshah Province. The results of this study indicate that in both scenarios, Food Security in Kermanshah province is directly related to calorie per capita, annual calorie per capita growth, food production index, self-sufficiency index, and indirectly to consumption changes. But the amount and intensity of the relationship between the quantiles are different. According to the results of this study, implementation of policies that lead to the development of employment in this province can help to improve food security.

According to the importance of each criterion in relation to rice cultivation using AHP was valued. With overlay standards associated with methods to study the map of physiographic and climatic needs Lenjan city was prepared for rice cultivation. The results based on AHP shows that about 5 Lenjan city land without limitations, limitations average 44 percent, 26 percent and 25 percent in the low limits with intense limitations and also based on TOPSIS about 19 percent of the land without limitations, limitations average 32 percent, 26 percent and 23 percent with severely limited by low limitations for the cultivation of rice.

Aim of this paper is measuring of spatial correlation and integration of sugar beet price for main providences. For this aim, data of sugar beet price for 1989-2015 and spatial econometric method is used to determination correlation coefficient and TAR to determine integration. Results reveal that, spatial correlation of price is exited in all of years and there is price integration between providences when Khorasan is the main providence which has the most industries. As our results, we offered that policy makers operated price and non price policies in Khorasan and improve system of market information.