International Journal of Political Science
Volume:9 Issue: 4, Winter 2019

Obama's announced policies and approaches despite emphasizing on economic coopera-tion‘s, new regional and international capacity buildings, democracy, human rights, multilateralism and Emphasis on soft power, included realist principals and results while Trump's unilateral, aggressive and beneficial approaches emphasize on American values and national interests as the main factors influencing his administration foreign policy. This article with using explanatory research method, is considering to have study aboutthe role of Obama and Trump's foreign policy on International System Structure. The results of the study indicate that Obama's foreign policy despite adhering realistic principles,with paying special and smart attention to internal interests and military pow-er, increased the importance of diplomacy and soft power, functional capabilities of in-ternational institutions and organizations, avoided preventive wars and emphasized on multilateralism, while Trump's foreign policy had results like increasing the importance of hard power, growth of Current international order brittleness, tendency towards na-tional economy and global economic tensions, diminishing the Importance of diplomacy and negotiation, decline in the importance of international law and international institu-tions, growth of regional economic exchanges, facilitating the process of moving to-wards a multipolarorder, increasing pessimism to future security trends, formation of new international and regional arm races and finally is increasing the level of disputes and instability in the current international system structure.

In July 1990, Iraq‟s all-out attack to Kuwait and occupation of this oil-rich emirate not only surprised the analysis‟s and observers of international issues especially after the failure of Saddam‟s regime in long-lasting war with Iran, but alsoforced the states of the world and international community to show direct interference and reaction in this crisis. The battle that is undoubtedly the biggest battle of the twentieth century after the Second World War in terms of equipment and allies. WhySaddam Hussain took such insane action after the failure in war with Iran is the question still discussed and ana-lyzed by the thinkers of international political studies. Some believe that the green light from the US government to Saddam's regime, like the green light of the US to attack against Iran, encourage him to take this action so that the US could intervene more in the region and especially in the Persian Gulf under the excuse of supporting the depen-dent and dominated states, and make this intervention legally and definitive. It is while there is another theory with a stronger argument. Therefore, in this article we intend to investigate the political developments in Iraq, from the Second Persian Gulf War to the fall of Saddam.

Various factors influenced voters‟ behaviour in an election. Sometimes in the same election it differs or reshow‟s case in another. In Nigeria‟s experiences, religion, eth-nicity, region etc. tend to be dominant factors. This work had examined the factors that influenced voters‟ behaviour in 2019 general elections in Billiri local government. Both secondary and primary sources of data wereutilized. Electronic close-ended question-naires were administered and rational choice theory served as theoretical framework. The preposition of rational choice was outlined which include: Know what their own priorities are (lower taxes, less crime, a clearer environment etc.); gather as much in-formation as they can about the various candidates and understand their position on the issues; understand what the likely consequences will be if this or that candidate get elected; and vote for those candidate whoare most likely to satisfy those priorities once in office. Exercise of right and obligation and political aspirants influenced voters‟ behaviour more than any others factors. With high likelihood of not being influenced by any other and will be by the same in near future. The work recommended: constitutional conduct of public life, proper voter education and research toward true independent of INEC.

The holy Quran, Allah has sent down to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), con-sists of all pre-prophet belief, and rules regarding worldly life and life hereafter. Moreo-ver, all essential of materialistic and spiritual values of life, in all individual and social levels, are mentioned in Quran. Moreover, while every now and then some theoretical studies are conducted studying the Islam and the international relations, still there is an urgent need to know more about the Islam, globalrelations andits viewsabout how the human interaction should be carried out, at the global levels.Considering the notion, human interaction and global relation has a broad range of di-mensions that set the parameters for how societies can relate to each other at the con-ventional level, and how societies can interact with international organizations and NGOs including mosques, churches, etc.Todays, due to social development, human so-cieties have realized the importance of peace, justice and development more than any other time.Therefore, along with a huge growth in Islam's politic, economic and social rates, the need to appeal to Islam when developing theories and taking into account the Islam's strategy in global eras is so evident,especially when there are references to glob-al issues in many sections of the Qur'an and the way we need to communicate with oth-ers, the need is felt more. The different aspects of the key elements of human life such as, freedom, peace, coexistence, human rights, etc. are often discussed in so many verses.

In US foreign policy, Human rights are always a combination of humanitarian concerns and strategic interests. In other words, the United States is pursuing a combination of normative goals (promotion of human rights) and material strategic goals (preserving national security, strengthening economic relations). US has initially tried to include issues such as morality, protection of individual rights, and democracy promotion in its foreign policy calculations. These efforts became more prominent after World War II,and in the post-Cold War, foreign aid and humanitarian concerns emerged as an impor-tant tool in preventing terrorist attacks in US foreign policy. September 11 attacks changed the policy of the George W. Bush’s Administration and the American Congress towards the US position in the world and respecting, promoting, and protecting human rights in the foreign policy. The paper seeks to address the following questions: what role do human rights generally have in US foreign policy and what changes have been witnessed during George W. Bush’s presidency? The paper summarizes the history and status of human rights in US foreign policy, reviews the status of human rights in US foreign policy in the George W. Bush’s administration and pursuing those policies to-wards the Middle East region, and finally examines the main actors and the challenges facing implementation of human rights in US foreign policy.

The undeniable role of intellectual property rights in industrial and commercial devel-opments has led to the introduction of these issues into legal literature. With the intro-duction of intellectual property rights into legal literature, a significant amount of laws and regulations were devoted to it, so the lawyers devoted themselves to explaining and explaining it. Also, considering the importance of intellectual property, comprehensive and complete legal approval of these rights in Iranian law and its legal foundations with jurisprudence and international conventions and Iranian law on the rights of creators and copyright, can also be applied to the implementation ofthese rights with salaries Iran and international conventions. Finally, you consider patent as one of the most important subcategories of intellectual property rights and protect it in Iranian law by looking at the industrial patent and trademark act and the trademarks act of 2007 and the agree-ment on the aspects of intellectual property rights obligations. The existence of this agreement in accordance with the minimum standards that have prompted the compe-tent authorities to decide on the choice of the above-mentioned agreement in order to comply with domestic law in order to find out the weaknesses and shortcomings of the domestic laws on patents and suggestions in order to resolve the existing vacancies.