فصلنامه پرستاری سالمندان
سال پنجم شماره 3 (بهار 1398)

thriving in work has attracted the attention of researchers in organizational psychology due to its role and impact on employeechr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s sense of vitality and well-being, both during their working life and during retirement. Hence, the aim of this research was to study the mediating role of burnout on effect of organizational injustice perception, job insecurity perception and organiztional stressors on unthriving in work among retired employees.

This study was correlational and statistical population included all employees of retirement association of a public bank in Isfahan, from which 206 people were selected through convenience sampling method.  A set of questionnaires consisted of organizational injustice perception (Nihoff and Morman, 1993), job insecurity perception (Francis and Barling, 2005), organizational stressors (made by researchers, 2019), thriving in work (Carmeli and Spritzer, 2009) and job burnout (Malsch and Jackson, 1993) were used. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data.

the results revealed that the perception of job insecurity, perception of organizational injustice and perception of organizational stressors on unthriving and perception of organizational injustice on job burnout have a direct and significant effect, but the impact of job insecurity perception and organizational stressors on job burnout was not significant. Moreover, job burnout could mediate the relationship between organizational injustice and unthriving, but could not mediate the relationship between job insecurity perception and organizational stressors with unthriving. In addition, the tested model of the mediating role of job burnout in relationship between perceptions of injustice, job insecurity, and organizational stressors with unthriving had a good fit indices.

based on research findings on the effect of perception of job insecurity, perception of organizational injustice and perception of organizational stressors on unthriving and perception of organizational injustice on job burnout of retired employees, the need to pay attention to this factors should be considered by top managers, policymakers, scientists and practitioner in redesigning work environment that employees do not perceive job insecurity and organizational injustice as much as possible during their work duration (tenure) and paying attention to reducing the perception of organizational pressures should be a priority.

Exercise and physical activity is an important factor in the promotion of public health of people in the community, and address the issue relationship between exercise with quality of life it seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determination the quality of life in retired athletes.

In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population was all sports pioneers in Tabriz city that 104 pioneers with a mean age of 51.68 ± 8.45 years were selected from 14 sports by snowball sampling and have completed World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and independent sample t-test.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of post-retirement sports activity with the psychological health subscale and the best championship title earned by these persons with the social relations subscale; but in the physical health and environment subscales and the total life quality score there was no significant relationship. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between team and individual pioneers in the level of satisfaction from quality of life.

According to the results of this study, it can be stated that active sports pioneers are in a better mental health condition than their inactive counterparts using the any type of physical activity.

Various scientific evidences indicate an active lifestyle as a key factor in the continuation of successful aging. Nervous systems, on the other hand, potentially underlie thoughts, emotions, personality factors, and emotional reactions associated with approachable and avoidant behaviors. Exercise has been shown to lead to neurological changes and increase brain function and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of physical activity and gender on inhibition and behavioral activation systems in the elderly.

The statistical population of this study consisted of active and inactive elderly with an age range (60-70) years from Kermanshah. Sampling method was available. The samples of this study included 95 subjects (63 males and 32 females) active and inactive elderly. The evaluation tool was Carver and White (1994) Behavioral Inhibition / Activation Systems Questionnaire and measured the level of physical activity.

The results of two-way analysis of variance to compare the behavioral activation system in active and inactive men and women showed the main effect of gender (p = 0.83), the main effect of physical activity (p = 0.28), the interactive effect of gender and physical activity (p 0.88). =) Is not meaningful. Comparison of means showed that active male elderly have higher mean of behavioral activation system and inactive female elderly have lower mean of behavioral activation system. The results of two-way analysis of variance to compare the behavioral inhibition system in active and inactive male and female elderly showed that the main effect of gender is significant (p = 0.002). Comparison of means showed that older men have a higher average behavioral inhibition system than older women. Comparison of means showed that the active male elderly have a higher mean behavioral inhibition system and the inactive elderly elderly have a lower mean behavioral inhibition system.

Findings of this study show that physical activity has an effect on nerve function and improving the quality of life of the elderly. On the other hand, due to gender differences in the functioning of brain-behavioral systems and barriers to exercise for the elderly, including health, pain, laziness and lack of motivation, On the other hand, due to gender differences in the activity of brain-behavioral systems and barriers to exercise for the elderly, including health, pain, laziness and lack of motivation, health and fitness professionals who work with adults with proper planning and motivation of the elderly. Lead to physical activity and exercise.

Quality of life in the elderly can be easily threatened. So, knowing about the quality of life and its effective factors will help decision making and planning for improving their life quality. The aim of this research is to determine the quality of life and effective factors in the elderly living in Tabriz city.

This is a cross-sectional research, carried out in winter 1398 in elderly care centers in Tabriz city. 94 elderly were selected by random sampling between the elderly living in centers. Standard research questionnaire SF_36 was used for gathering information. SPSS application version 24 was used for analyzing data.

According to this research’s findings between 94 elderly (54/3%) were men and (45/7%) were women. Findings show that mean of the quality of life in the elderly (74) between subjects was almost at average. And also shows that variables like age, gender and marriage status are determining factors in the quality of life in the elderly.

results of this research shows that mean of the quality of life in the elderly and all its aspects are at average. By considering the results and these options and by doing timely actions we can reduce many problems in old age and add to useful life in the elderly.

This study was carried out in 2018 to investigate the relationship between religious attitudes and hope and anxiety of death in elderly residents of Kahrizak.

This study was a descriptive-Analytical which 220 elderly nursing home residents in 2018 were selected through simple sampling. Information were collected by the religious attitudes questionnaire, Templer Death Anxiety questionnaire and Schneider hope questionnaire. SPSS software and Spearman correlation coefficient and partial correlation were used to analyze the data. 

The mean of religious attitudes, hope and death anxiety in the elderly were respectively (56/19), (15/71) and (9/89). There were direct and significant correlation between religious attitudes and hope (p<0.05, r=0.15) and between religious attitudes and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.15) and there were indirect and significant correlation between hope and anxiety of death (p<0.05, r= - 0.43). There was an indirect and significant correlation between death anxiety and religious attitudes by controlling the variable effect of hope (p<0.05, r= - 0.12)

According to the results of the research, we concluded that for decreasing the anxiety in the elderly, encouraging them to participate in religious rituals such as fasting, prayer, mourning … and also increasing the hope to reduce anxiety against the inseparable problems of life is essential.

Aging is a process over time that leads to negative structural and functional changes in the loss of adaptation and coordination both physically and mentally. An active lifestyle can minimize the progression of many debilitating conditions and chronic diseases, as well as help achieve aging and healthy well-being. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive triangle and mental health in the elderly living in nursing homes, homes and active elderly.

The present was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of the elderly (40 people from each group) living in a nursing home, living at home and an athlete in Malayer. 120 elderly were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection was performed using demographic questionnaires, cognition triangle and GHQ general health questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Active elderly had significantly better scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the other two groups and the elderly living in the home group had better physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the resident group of the nursing home. For the variable of social symptoms, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the active elderly group and the elderly living in nursing homes (p <0.05). The active elderly had higher mean physical symptoms than the other two groups, There was no significant difference in nursing homes. There are significant pair differences between the scores of the cognitive triangle components of self-attitude, attitude towards the future and attitude towards the world in the groups of active elderly, home residents and nursing home residents (p <0.05). The active elderly had a significantly better score in the three components of the cognitive triangle than the other two groups and the elderly in the home group had a better score in the triangular components than the resident group in the nursing home.

Findings of this study show that physical activity helps to improve mental health and cognitive triangle, so to maintain mental and physical health of the elderly should be appropriate strategies.Introduction and

Aging is a process over time that leads to negative structural and functional changes in the loss of adaptation and coordination both physically and mentally. An active lifestyle can minimize the progression of many debilitating conditions and chronic diseases, as well as help achieve aging and healthy well-being. The aim of the present study was to compare the cognitive triangle and mental health in the elderly living in nursing homes, homes and active elderly.

The present was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of the elderly (40 people from each group) living in a nursing home, living at home and an athlete in Malayer. 120 elderly were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Data collection was performed using demographic questionnaires, cognition triangle and GHQ general health questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data.

Active elderly had significantly better scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the other two groups and the elderly living in the home group had better physical symptoms, anxiety and depression than the resident group of the nursing home. For the variable of social symptoms, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the active elderly group and the elderly living in nursing homes (p <0.05). The active elderly had higher mean physical symptoms than the other two groups, There was no significant difference in nursing homes. There are significant pair differences between the scores of the cognitive triangle components of self-attitude, attitude towards the future and attitude towards the world in the groups of active elderly, home residents and nursing home residents (p <0.05). The active elderly had a significantly better score in the three components of the cognitive triangle than the other two groups and the elderly in the home group had a better score in the triangular components than the resident group in the nursing home.

Findings of this study show that physical activity helps to improve mental health and cognitive triangle, so to maintain mental and physical health of the elderly should be appropriate strategies.

Evidence suggests that improving study skills can improve studentschr('39') academic performance and learning. Since most medical science curricula do not have a coherent curriculum to teach study skills, this study aimed to formulate, implement, and evaluate study skills lessons and examine their effects on the academic skill level of Ilam University of Medical Sciences students.

In a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test the impact of education on study skills of 514 first year students of medical sciences university in 13 disciplines of associate, undergraduate, as well as general dentistry and medicine was evaluated. Given that the educational intervention was approved as a lesson in the University Education Council, all incoming students were enrolled in the census. The data collection tool was the Houston University 48-item Questionnaire (SSAQ-CCHU) containing 5 choice items (always, most often, sometimes, rarely, never) containing 8 domains each containing 6 items in the 120 to 240 scoring range. . Prior to the study, the questionnaire was validated by content validity index and the opinion of 13 experts. The Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient was 0.93, indicating an internal consistency of the questionnaire. The educational intervention consisted of 1 theoretical-practical study skills study unit with a variety of assignments based on practical study skills training and assessment assignments. Assessment of the lesson was done using useful assignments including hands-on post-workshop work, concept mapping, subject teaching, critique, evidence-based teacher suggested challenge, summaries of specialized texts. Teachers receive the necessary training for 5 sessions on how to teach and evaluate. The study began in June 2018 and ended in July 2019.

According to the findings, 100% of the questionnaires were completed and analyzed. The mean age of participants was 19.6 ± 1.3, 51.2% were male and the other female. The total score obtained after the intervention (184.4 ±2.1) was significantly higher than the total score before the intervention (122.2 ± 2.6). Of the 8 skills examined, only time management skills were not improved. In 6 skills including memory and remembering, taking notes and using teaching aids, organizing and processing information, motivation and attitude, reading and choosing the main idea and writing skills as well as in total score, reading skills of female students (187.2 ± 2.1) was significantly better than male students (181.6 ± 2.8). Frequency of students with poor study skills before intervention were 12.7% and 62.6% respectively, which decreased to 6.4% and 26.3% after intervention respectively and the number of students with good educational skills (180-240) increased from 24.7% to 67.3%. There was no significant difference between the study skills of students based on different disciplines.

The findings of this study show that formal instruction in teaching skills can improve studentschr('39') learning quality. Creative presentation of the lesson, presentation of the justification course to the teachers, monitoring of the presentation of the lesson in order to prevent traditional teaching, more emphasis on practical work and assignment can improve the effectiveness of the lesson.

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease among the elderly and patients need to take self-care behaviors to control the disease. Since self-efficacy is an important principle for enhancing self-care behaviors, this study aimed to investigate self-efficacy and its related factors in elderly with hypertension in Ahwaz.

This descriptive-analytic study (cross-sectional) was carried out for 300 elderly people with hypertension, Covered by Ahwaz community health centers  Multistage clustering was performed. Data were collected using demographic information and hypertension Self-efficacy Questionnaire and  after entering data in SPSS software version 24 statistical analysis Using multiple regression test and correlation coefficient test was performed.

Of the 300 elderly participants, 54.3% were female and 45.7% male. The majority of them were married (80.7%) and lived with their spouse and children (54.7%). Multiple regression results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-efficacy with gender, education, income and history of hypertension  but there was no significant relationship between self-efficacy with age, marital status, life expectancy and insurance.

Given the impact of factors such as gender, education, income and history of illness on hypertensive self-efficacy, It is recommended that health care providers plan appropriate programs to better cover the low literacy and low financial power elderly(Especially in older men) and Continuous screening of hypertension and enhancement of self-efficacy in the elderly should be widely performed.