نشریه علوم اجتماعی
پیاپی 53 (تابستان 1400)

The aim of this study was to identify the components of social capital based on virtual social networks. The present study is a qualitative research in terms of design. Potential participants in the research are virtual managers and public sector employees. Key and following the saturation technique, 20 senior managers and employees with executive and research background in the field related to research were selected. To collect data, semi-structured interview tools were used and the researcher using software MAXQDA and coding (open source and central code), social capital based on virtual social network in 8 dimensions called trust (24 options), partnership and cooperation (13 options), cohesion and solidarity (19 options), awareness Social (32 options), cognitive (23 options), structural (32 options), communication (50 options) and social support (4 options) and a qualitative model was designed. So far, research on identifying components of social capital based on networks Virtual socialization has not been done in the public sector. The findings of this study can help managers of organizations to raise the level Social capital in the context of cyberspace to help and ultimately improve the performance of the organization.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the views of the social sciences experts of Iran regarding the causes of the country's underdevelopment and to seek solutions to this problem and to achieve development. According to the research objectives, the qualitative approach and Delphi research method have been used. The participants of this research included all those who were in the field of development and had a book, article or research effect. Using a targeted and information-oriented sampling method, 15 of these people were selected as contributors. The results of the research show that the contributing experts in this research consider the role of internal barriers in the underdevelopment of the country more important, and the main reason for them is "internal mismanagement" and the lack of "decent management" and the lack of proper managers and the lack of a development-oriented government is also due to the fact that it will intensify and continue. Their most important solution to get out of this situation is the emergence of a development-oriented government focused on the full participation of the people .

This paper looks for to study the factors affecting the contribution of citizens in paying municipal tolls. Using survey method, the data collected by conducting a self-constructed questionnaire. 500 residents (above 20 years old) were selected as sample by conducting random sampling method. Findings showed that the average mean of participation in the payment of municipal tolls among respondents was 31 of 55. In other words, the respondents' participation level in this field was below the average level. Among dimensions of participation, the highest mean was belonging of behavioral dimension and the lowest mean was belonging to propensity or emotional one. The independent variables (i. e. the satisfaction of municipal services, the social responsibility, the citizenship awareness, the sense of anomie in urban management and the sense of belonging to urban and neighborhood) were significantly associated with participation in payment of tolls. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that these variables are able to estimate up to 28% of the dispersion of the payment of tolls. Finally, the results showed that deducting and tacking tolls as local taxes shall be consistent with the economic condition of citizens, to increase the public participation in paying of local taxation.

Science in general and each field of science in particular is full of concepts and propositions. The mission of the thinker and thinker in any knowledge is to be able to explain, explain and describe the transcendent social realities, to be able to go through the multiplicity, fragmentation and dispersion of concepts, and to understand scientific concepts through deep and profound knowledge of species and in the process of type. Cognition has taken the shackles of understanding. What, indeed, the success of any research depends on the type and species with which it is provided, even the vast majority of the knowledge that exists about the world of life, is the source of the type of human mind.However, the typology of the two constructs of cultural capital and social capital is an inevitable necessity for enlightening the mind of the audience and separating it from other similar forms. In order to achieve the same purpose in the present article, cultural capital in the embodied, objectified and institutional types and social capital in the interpersonal, intergroup and generalized types have been described and studied.Understanding and applying the method of typological analysis, especially in the education system and in the process of training and cultivating a regular (classified) mind, should be increasingly considered by those in charge of this critical field. Because the production and reproduction of vague, contradictory and irregular concepts, in addition to making the process of inferring and understanding concepts difficult for the learner, also limits the scope of comprehensive knowledge.

The purpose of this article is to review the social mobility of the marriage window. For this purpose, the researcher has referred to married living in Tehran to study the case and collect and collect information.Using Cronbach's alpha, 380 cases were sampled and the received questionnaires were analyzed. The theoretical framework used in this article is Bourdieu's "field" view.In this way, marital field is one of the most effective social fields in which the male and female stratum can be studied in social mobility through its superior positions and its family, based on the opportunities available.In the marital field, the choice of a spouse to gain access to acquired privileges and even privileges attributed to him from the economic and social base of the family, which can be regarded as a social and economic ladder, is different from that of men and women.In the community of people on the marriage field, for the sake of status and dignity, it uses gender and gender is not a neutral phenomenon. It can be said that men and women play a significant role in society as a dual agency of inequality. In this paper, we will refer to the importance of this issue on the basis of the findings of the study.

This study aims to explain the sociological barriers to cultural development in the Bakhtiari people, since cultural development has been emphasized and considered worldwide, which is the concern of the human world today in this field. Therefore, what are the governing frameworks of this research with the aim of studying the barriers to cultural development of Bakhtiari people in Aligudarz city in 1398 The statistical population was 322 people. The research method used in the research was quantitative and was done using SPSS and Excel software. Using the field method and questionnaire distribution, an attempt was made to rank the obtained components using the Friedman ranking test. The results showed that the lack of cultural knowledge of cultural development indicators, the prevailing ethics, moral characteristics of the Bakhtiari people and the weak cultural performance of human resources were obtained from the perspective of the statistical population.

The philosophy of the emergence of social organizations is to respond to the needs of society. Municipal services are one of the indicators of urban development management and a factor in the sustainability of urban life. Therefore, for the municipality, citizens should be seen as customers of the private sector and their maximum satisfaction should be provided.The purpose of this study is to identify the factors and the level of people's satisfaction with the services of Ghiamdasht Municipality, which was done by survey method and questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of citizens over 18 years old in Ghiamdasht who had lived in this city for at least 4 years and the sample size was 406 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling.Based on the results; Citizens were very religious and identical. The trust and social participation of most of the citizens of Ghiamdasht was moderate. Satisfaction in the areas of urban services, green space, urban planning and architecture, social and cultural, public relations, manpower, technical and civil engineering, which was assessed with 65 questions, was very high. The total score of performance satisfaction was 14 out of 20. Social participation was the only factor that had a high impact (with a beta of 0.27) on satisfaction with the performance of Ghiamdasht Municipality.Finally, people saw municipal actions as a reward, benefit, and power that provided them with positive emotions and satisfaction. Satisfaction with the performance of the municipality is an important factor in motivating participation in urban development and improving the quality of housing. In contrast, dissatisfaction with performance leads to despair and irresponsibility of citizens.