نشریه خانواده درمانی کاربردی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 10، بهار 1401)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness transactional analysis training on parenting stress of mothers and parental acceptance of aggressive gifted children. The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The statistical population of this study included aggressive gifted boys aged 8-12 years in Tehran in 2021. Thirty children were selected by purposive non-random sampling and their mothers assigned into experimental (n =15) and control (n =15) groups. The experimental group received transactional analysis intervention in eight 120- minute sessions. The data were collected by the Parenting Stress (Abidin 1990) and the parental acceptance- rejection questionnaire (Rohnner 2007). Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance. The results showed that the transactional analysis had an effect on reducing maternal parenting stress and increasing parental acceptance of aggressive gifted children. Also, the results of analysis of covariance showed that the effect of interaction behavior analysis training on parenting stress (F = 10.33) and parental acceptance (F = 34.50) was significant (P <0.05). According to the findings of this study, it can be stated that transactional analysis training by recognizing existential values and improving interpersonal communication leads to reducing parenting stress and increasing parental acceptance of gifted aggressive children.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) in comparison with Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) in reducing depressive symptoms in women with borderline personality disorders. The study had a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 120 women with borderline personality disorder symptoms who visited counseling centers in Qom from August and October 2020. After screening with the Goldberg Depression Questionnaire (1971) and interviews according to DSM-5 criteria, 60 women were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (20 per group). The first experimental group received mentalization-based therapy by Batman and Funagi (2016), and the second experimental group received affect phobia therapy by McCullough in eight 90-minute sessions, one session per week, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicated the effects of mentalization-based therapy intervention (F=18.41, P=0.001) with an effect size of 0.36, and affect phobia therapy intervention (F=20.35, P=0.001) with an effect size of 0.38 on women's depression, and the stability of the effects at the follow-up stage. The affect phobia therapy along with medication can be used for patients with depression.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) in improving self-care behaviors (nutritional behaviors, physical activity, blood sugar control, foot care, and medication adherence) in people with type 2 diabetes. The study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, two experimental groups, a control group, and the follow-up stage. The statistical population consisted of all female patients with type 2 diabetes with a record in Parsian Clinic in Eslamshahr in 2019. Among them, 45 women were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 per group), and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy by Hayes et al. (2004), and the rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) by Ellis (1999) in eight 60-minute sessions, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The research tool included the diabetes self-care behavior questionnaire (Tubert and Glasgow, 1994) that was used at three stages, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Both interventions could significantly improve self-care behaviors (nutritional behaviors, physical activity, blood sugar control, foot care, and medication adherence) in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.05), but the acceptance and commitment therapy intervention had a greater effect on self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, there was not any significant difference at the posttest follow-up stage (p<0.05), indicating the stability of intervention changes. Based on the results, acceptance and commitment therapy, and rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) had effective interventions in increasing self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes.

The present study aimed to determine the learning disorder model based on the relationship with parents and perfectionism. The research was applied in terms of purpose and had descriptive survey and correlational type in terms of data collection method, and its statistical population consisted of all fifth and sixth-grade female students in Kermanshah in the academic year of 2020-2021. Furthermore, 270 female students and their parents were selected as statistical samples using the convenience sampling method and they answered the learning disability questionnaire by Wilcott et al. (2011), the parent-child relationship quality questionnaire by Fine et al. (1983), and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale by Hewitt and Flett (1991). There were significant correlations (P=0.05) between positive affect, identification with parents, trust, anger, self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and society-oriented perfectionism with learning disorders (P=0.05). Furthermore, the multiple correlation coefficient between perfectionism and the quality of the parent-child relationship with learning disorder was equal to R=0.462, and the coefficient of determination was equal to R2=0.213. Moreover, 21.3% of the variance of learning disorders could be explained by perfectionism and the quality of the child-parent relationship. The relationship with parents and also perfectionism contributed to the prediction of learning disorders.

The purpose of this study is to explore the educational components of successful women. This study was performed by qualitative method and content analysis method (Clark and Brown, 2006). The purposive sampling method was heterogeneous 20 so that 11 successful women were selected based on entry and exit criteria and interviewed. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis method (Clark and Brown, 2006). The five main categories were family lifestyle (with subcategories of residence, recreation, communication, nutrition, sleep patterns and clothing), experiences of siblings (with subcategories of happy experiences and unhappy experiences of siblings), characteristics of parents (with the subcategories of model features and model characteristics, parental educational axes (with subcategories educational emphases and educational methods) and peer style (with subcategories of peers' mental status, peers' material status and peers' social status). According to these results, it can be said that in the educational path of successful women, components have occurred that have helped them to move towards success.

This study was conducted to provide a structural model of psychological well-being prediction based on family functioning, optimism, and resilience mediated by social adequacy. This was a descriptive correlational study with structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included students of Allameh Tabatabaei Campus in Urmia (for sisters) and Shahid Rajaei Campus in Urmia (for brothers) from which 250 people were selected as the sample by convenient sampling method. The study tools were Ryff's (1989) Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), McMaster's (1950) Family Assessment Device (FAD), Scheier and Carver's (1985) Life Orientation Test (LOT), Connor-Davidson (2003) Resilience scale (CD-RISC), and Flanner et al.'s (1990) Social Adequacy Scale. The findings suggested that there was a positive relationship between resilience and psychological well-being (p <0.01, β = 0.240). The total path coefficient between optimism and psychological well-being was positive and significant at the level of 0.01 (p <0.01, β = 0.317). Besides, the total path coefficient between family functioning and psychological well-being was negative (p <0.01, β = -0.225). The path coefficient between social adequacy and psychological well-being was positive and significant at the level of 0.01 (p <0.01, β = 0.225). Indirect path coefficient between resilience (p <0.01, β = 0.089), optimism (p <0.01, β = 0.094), and psychological well-being was positive, and indirect path coefficient between family functioning and psychological well-being (p <0.01, β = -0.101) was negative and significant at the level of 0.01. According to the results, resilience and optimism predicted psychological well-being positively and significantly, family functioning predicted psychological well-being negatively and significantly, and social adequacy mediated the relationship between resilience and optimism positively and significantly and the relationship between family functioning and psychological well-being positively and significantly.

This study was conducted to investigate the precipitating and exhibiting factors of marital infidelity. This was a qualitative study based on grounded theory and semi-structured and problem-oriented interviews and investigated the process of emergence of marital infidelity. For this purpose, 12 women and 15 men who experienced marital infidelity and were willing to cooperate with the researcher were selected as the sample by purposive sampling. The subjects were examined in depth using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using grounded theory. After analyzing the data obtained from interviews with women and analyzing them through open coding, 100 initial codes, 14 axial codes, and 3 main codes were extracted. In this way, sensation-seeking, low self-esteem, negative self-image, and suppressed excitement were classified as the initial codes, intrapersonal causes, non-satisfaction of emotional needs, inconsistency of desires and goals, lack of attention to boundaries, marital disputes, revenge on the spouse, and lack of attractiveness of the spouse were classified as the axial codes, and marital conflicts, curiosity about sexual experiences, premarital sexual experiences, and sexual failure were classified as the main codes. 76 initial codes, 13 axial codes, and 3 main codes were extracted as a result of content analysis on interviews with men in open coding. Causes of male infidelity were categorized as emotional causes (marital conflicts, life crises, loss of self, and sharing feelings and thoughts), sexual causes (lack of freshness and happiness due to a boring marriage, gaining new sexual experiences, lack of wife care of her body, and sensation-seeking), and external causes (power, having the opportunity to commit marital infidelity, receiving support from friends, rightfulness, and disinhibition due to substance abuse). The results indicated that men and women involved in this relationship initiated marital infidelity against this phenomenon. The consequences of these strategies were disclosure, divorce, concealment, and the discontinuity of married life.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated package of emotion-based couple therapy and compassion therapy on the quality of marital life and the dimensions of attachment of couples referring to counseling centers in Isfahan. The present study is a one-case experimental design that was conducted in 1398. The statistical population of the study is all couples referring to psychological centers and clinics in Isfahan. Sampling from among all couples who refer to the centers and clinics of Isfahan in the winter of 1398 due to marital problems, according to the entry and exit criteria, 3 couples were selected as available. After initial sampling, 3 couples were placed in the combined group of emotion-focused therapy and compassion therapy. The Marital Quality of Life Questionnaire (Fletcher, Simpson and Thomas, 2000) and the Collins and Reed Attachment Questionnaire (1990) were used to collect data. The group of subjects underwent a combination of emotion-oriented couple therapy and compassion therapy once a week for 12 sessions. Data were analyzed by visual mapping, stable change index and percentage improvement formula. Data analysis showed the effectiveness of treatment in couples who underwent the combined package of emotion-focused couple therapy and compassionate therapy. According to the research findings, this approach can be used to improve relationships and reduce the rate of divorce in society.

The present study aimed to develop a native training package of schema mode cards and determine its effectiveness in improving marital conflict.

The present study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and two-month control and follow-up, and its statistical population consisted of 32 couples who visited Behraz Counseling Center, Aram Counseling Center, with a wise life in the first six months of 2020. After screening with the Marital Conflict Scale by Straus (1979), 18 eligible couples were selected using the convenience method and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (8 couples) and the control group (8 couples). The experimental group was intervened by the schema mode cards for twelve 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results indicated the impact of native schema mode card intervention on the total score of marital conflict (F=14.52, p=0.001), verbal dimension (F=26.31, p=0.001), neglect (F=41.73, P=0.001), honesty (F=47.08, P=0.001), and termination (F=40.85, p=0.001), and misbehavior (F=12.74, P=0.001), and the stability of this effect at the follow-up stage.

The research results suggest that the developed training package of schema modes flashcards has validity and also decreases marital conflicts in spouses.

The aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, emotional empathy mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran.

The study was a descriptive, correlational and statistical study of married women in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 200 married women living in Tehran were selected as a sample of friends and counselors of the Association for the Protection of Children's Rights online due to coronavirus. .The research instruments were Guttman (1999) Emotional Divorce Questionnaire, Young's maladaptive schemas (1998), Epstein and Mehrabian (1972) emotional empathy, and Gross and John (2003) emotion regulation. All analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. Bootstrap method was also used to analyze the intermediate relationships in MACRO Precruheiz (2008).

The results of the direct effect showed that the schema of disconnection and rejection(β=0.343), Overvigilance and inhibition (β=0.294),has a positive and significant effect on emotional divorce, and emotional empathy (β= -0.345), has a negative and significant effect on emotional divorce. Also, the indirect effects of disconnection and rejection schemas (β=0.0320), Impaired Autonomy and performance(β=0.0447), Directedness (β= 0.0509), Overvigilance and inhibition (β=0.0628), impaired limits (β= 0.1252), and emotional empathy (β= -0.0140), on emotional divorce through emotion regulation were significant. The results showed that emotion regulation as a mediating variable could explain the relationship between maladaptive schema and emotional empathy.

Since the findings of this study indicate strong and significant relationships between research variables and emotional divorce, it is suggested that through various means including mass media, daily hours to teach life skills, effective and positive strategies for emotion regulation and innovations to modify the schema. Initial incompatibilities should be considered and psychologists should be employed to discuss this issue.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress management through cognitive-behavioral therapy on rumination and psychological distress in women faced with infidelity in Tehran in 1400. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women faced with infidelity who referred to counseling centers in District 11 of Tehran, from which 40 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly in the experimental group (20 people in each group) and control. (20 people) were appointed. The experimental group was trained in cognitive-behavioral stress management therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the rumination questionnaire (Nolen Hoxma and Murrow, 1991) and psychological distress (Lavibund, 1995) which were used in two stages of pre-test and post-test. The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaire was performed through spss24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). Findings showed that stress management treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy has reduced rumination in women faced with infidelity. The results also showed that stress management treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy has reduced psychological distress in women faced with infidelity. According to the results of this study, stress management treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective intervention in reducing rumination and psychological distress in women faced with infidelity.

In the present study, the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on emotional self-regulation, psychological well-being and resilience of couples is to be compared. This is a quasi-experimental and applied research that was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and 3-month follow-up; And after randomly identifying the experimental and control groups (2 experimental groups and the control group), emotion-based therapy and acceptance-commitment therapy, each in 8 sessions and each session for 1 hour (60 minutes). E) It was applied on the experimental groups and one week after the end of the treatment sessions, the experimental and control groups underwent post-test. The statistical population in the present study was all couples with marital incompatibility living in Qom-District 4 who referred to counseling and psychotherapy centers in this area of Qom during the second 6 months of 1399. Sampling method is available in two experimental groups and one control group. Data collection tools were emotion regulation difficulty questionnaire (Gertz and Roemer / 2004), psychological well-being questionnaire - short form (Reef / 2002), resilience questionnaire (Connor and Davidson / 2003). Finally, it is concluded that self-regulation of emotion of couples participating in emotion-based therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment is significantly different from the control group. It is significant and the resilience of couples participating in emotion-based therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment is significantly different from the control group.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotional schema therapy on the difficulty of emotion regulation in mothers of mentally retarded children.

The design of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with mentally retarded children under the age of 15 in Ardabil in the spring of 1399. For sampling, referring to the Welfare Office of Ardabil, 4 centers and schools were selected from rehabilitation centers and exceptional schools by multi-stage cluster sampling method, and 40 mothers of children with mental disabilities were selected by sampling method. Simple random sampling was selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS) was used to measure the research variables. The experimental group was exposed to group emotional therapy schema for 10 sessions and the members of the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that the effectiveness of group therapy based on emotional schemas on the difficulty of emotion regulation (F = 115.57, P <0.0001) was significant.

The results showed that group therapy based on emotional schema therapy can be effective in reducing the difficulty of emotion regulation.

Expanded with the aim of reducing unpleasant components. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with a view to compassion therapy in cognitive regulation of emotion and happiness in patients with major depressive disorder.

The research method is a quasi-experimental study that was a pre-test-post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up phase of treatment intervention using the available sampling method among patients with major depressive disorder in Jam, Siraf, and Kangan. , Assaluyeh and Pardis and Naft Jam towns were selected in 1399 and randomly assigned to an 8-member experimental group and an 8-member control group. After performing the pre-test, the experimental groups were exposed to acceptance and commitment group therapy based on compassion therapy for 8 sessions (90 minute sessions in 8 consecutive weeks). Research tools include; Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires were Garnfsky et al. And Oxford Happiness. Data were analyzed using statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measures approach and SPSS 25 software.

The findings showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy with a view to compassion increased cognitive regulation of adaptive emotion and happiness in the experimental group, so it can be said; This treatment has been more effective in patients with major depressive disorder after the test.

The overall results of this study indicate the effect of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment with a view on compassion therapy in patients with major depressive disorder, which ultimately leads to increased cognitive regulation of positive emotions and happiness, which should be continuous. Be part of the main programs of counseling centers so that patients with major depressive disorder can attend meetings to reduce the rate of maladaptive behaviors by planning objective and behavioral goals.

The purpose of this study was to modeling structural modeling structural prediction of online games addiction based on HEXACO personality and parent-child relationships with role mediator impulsivity. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consists of all statistical population of the present study was female students of high school in Tehran city in year academic 1399-1400 to 125110 people. In this study, according to convenience sampling method (online method), 400 female students by formula Kline (2016) were selected as samples and they were asked to online game addiction inventory (OGAI) of Whang and Chang (2002), 24-item brief HEXACO inventory (24-BHI) of De Vries (2013), parent-child relationship inventory (PCRI) of Fine and et al (1983) and Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS) of Patton and et al (1995). Then the proposed model was analyzed through structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that direct paths HEXACO personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience and agreeableness), mother-child relationships and impulsivity on online games addiction were significant. Also, direct paths conscientiousness and father-child relationships on online games addiction were not significant. The indirect HEXACO personality and parent-child relationships with online games addiction through mediating role impulsivity were significant. The structural model of research was fit and satisfactory with research data and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in online games addiction in students.

The aim of this study was to present a model for predicting emotional divorce based on attachment styles, personality traits and job self-efficacy mediated by perceived social support in employed married women. 

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational and explanatory with a structural model approach. 400 people were selected from the community of married women working in Tehran Municipality by cluster random sampling method. Guttman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2008), Collins and Reed Attachment Questionnaire (1996), NEO-FFI Personality Traits (1985), Job Self-Efficacy Riggs & Knight (1994) and Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988) were used to collect data. 

 The results showed that the highest factor load belongs to the indicator of individual consequences (β = 0.882) and the smallest factor load belongs to the indicator of individual beliefs (β = 0.675) job self-efficacy. Thus, considering that the factor loads of all indicators were higher than 0.32, it can be said that all of them have the necessary power to measure the latent variables of the present study. 

 The results showed that according to the obtained results, perceived social support can play a mediating role between emotional divorce, attachment styles, personality traits and job self-efficacy in married working women.

The aim of this study was conducted with the aim of presenting a structural model of the relationship between defense styles in cluster B personality disorders and the mediating role of emotional cognitive regulation.

The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male and female students of Tehran Azad University in 1399, from which 395 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. In this study, Millon clinical multivariate tools, cognitive emotion regulation (Garnowski and Craig, 2006), defense styles (Anders et al., 1993) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural equation modeling was used to answer the research hypotheses.

Findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results also showed that the developed defensive styles had a significant direct negative effect on b-cluster personality disorders. Developed defense styles have a direct positive effect on cognitive regulation of positive emotion and a direct negative effect on cognitive regulation of negative emotion. Cognitive regulation of positive emotion has a direct negative effect on personality disorders of cluster b. Cognitive regulation of negative emotion also had a direct positive effect on personality disorders of cluster b. Developed defense styles have had an indirect effect on cluster b personality disorders by regulating positive and negative emotions.

Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments helps researchers and therapists.

The aim of this study was to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of traditional, electronic and combined education on the cognitive burden of gifted adolescent girls.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group; The statistical population of this study was all gifted adolescent girls in the second year of high school in district one of Kerman city. Witnesses (15 people in each group) were randomly applied. To conduct this research, at the beginning of the cognitive load assessment course, it was designed based on traditional, electronic and combined education and then performed on experimental group students. The control group also underwent the same evaluation in the pre-test stage. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of these three educational methods, the pass von Wren Marinbower questionnaire (1994) was used. Data were analyzed using repeated measures variance.

The results showed that all three trainings were effective on cognitive load (F = 111.82, P = 0.001); The results also showed that the level of students' satisfaction with the combined approach is significantly higher than the other two groups (P = 0.01 <0.05).

Teaching adolescents, especially the gifted, should be done in a multimedia way and with new technologies, in which the principles of processing and effects of cognitive load in order to reduce external cognitive load, maintain optimal cognitive load and manage internal cognitive load in order to maximize students' progress. Special attention should be paid to education.

The purpose of this study is to validate a model for the realization and growth of love and its role in emotional education from the perspective of existentialist philosophers and its critique based on the views of Muslim thinkers for the document of change in the education system. The method of this research is mixed. In the first part, using document mining, factors and factors related to the subject of research are extracted in the works of existentialist philosophers. Interviews were conducted and their views on the indicators extracted in the design and validation of the model of realization and maturity of love and its role in emotional education from the perspective of existentialism philosophy and Muslim thinkers were collected. According to the extracted model, the factors of Christian (divine) love, pivotal task, negation of natural love, negation of selfishness, love of another., Divine love, existential unity, consciousness, ignoring deceptive appearances, coming out of oneself, love of God In another, it was evaluated by experts in the form of a questionnaire in several stages. The results of fuzzy analysis showed that; Considering that the difference between the means is more than 0.2, once again the distribution stages of the questionnaire and the average of the experts' opinions are calculated. And the results of 4 stages of fuzzy Delphi process prove the accuracy of the results.

Considering that the family is one of the most important pillars of Iranian social society, in recent decades it has undergone various challenges and developments that cause new damage and face the crisis of the family foundation. Efforts to strengthen families are one of the most important issues in a changing world. The balance and strength of the family requires that its constituent members perform their roles, duties and functions correctly and completely, and it is necessary to formulate and implement appropriate policies and guidelines to strengthen the foundation of families. The aim of this study is to analyze and interpret sociologically the factors and barriers to strengthening the family foundation from the perspective of experts and those who refer to the family court of Zanjan city through a questionnaire with Delphi technique and in-depth interview with semi-structured sampling, and survey method with sample Possible random sampling was performed by collecting library and field information. The results indicate that: According to experts, emotional factors, belief factors, cultural factors, economic factors, social factors, as well as belief barriers, emotional barriers, social barriers, economic barriers and cultural barriers in strengthening the foundation, respectively. Families are effective. There is also a direct and significant relationship between gender, how to choose a spouse, couple satisfaction, joint efforts in family affairs, solidarity of family members, the level of trust between family members and the level of family life skills and strengthening the family foundation.

The aim of this study was to present a model of co-dependency in women with addicted spouses based on their differentiation with the mediating role of emotional cognitive regulation. The research method is cross-sectional correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women with drug-addicted wives who referred to counseling centers, health centers and addiction treatment camps and meetings in Tehran in 1400, of which 188 people by cluster sampling they were selected in stages. In this study, tools of co-dependency (Span & Fisher, 1990), self-differentiation (Skorn and Friedlander, 1998) and cognitive-emotional regulation (Garnfsky and Craig, 2006) were used. Amos-V8.8 software were used to analyze the data. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model has a good fit. The results also showed that self-differentiation had a significant direct negative effect on co-dependency (P <0.01). Self-differentiation had a direct positive effect on adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (P <0.01). Adaptive strategies for cognitive emotion regulation have a direct and negative effect on co-dependency (P <0.01). The results showed that non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a direct and positive effect on co-dependency (P <0.01). Self-differentiation also had an indirect effect on codependency through cognitive emotion regulation (β = -0.181; P = 0.01). Structural equation modeling fit indices confirmed the overall research model and the direct and indirect effects between the research variables were confirmed. Therefore, according to the results, it can be said that co-dependency is an important variable in predicting self-differentiation and cognitive regulation of emotion.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of marital boredom based on attachment styles in married people: with a mediating role of differentiation.

In terms of the applied purpose of the research, the research design was descriptive and the type of correlation was modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all young married men and women between the ages of 20-35 who referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Tehran using the sampling method available to 480 people (289 females, 191 males) as a sample were chosen. Data were collected using the Pinner Marital Boredom Scale (1996), the Scorne and Friedlander (1998) Differentiation Questionnaire, and the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (1990).

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between marital differentiation and boredom, Also, differentiation has a negative relationship with insecure attachment styles (ambiguous / avoidant) and on the other hand has a positive and significant relationship with insecure attachment style and has a mediating role in the relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital boredom.

Considering the relationship between attachment styles and marital boredom and also considering the mediating role of differentiation in the relationship between marital attachment and boredom styles, it is concluded that paying attention to these two variables in premarital interventions and couples counselors and family psychologists in preventing Injuries to a couple's relationship are effective

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment based therapy on tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population included the entire population of patients with multiple sclerosis in Markazi province in 2021, which according to the coordination made with the Arak MS Association, the total number of them is 1200 people.In this study, available statistical samples were selected for 45 people and then randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people including the scheme of therapy (15 people), acceptance and commitment therapy (15 people) and the group. Controls (n = 15) were randomly replaced. The research instruments included Emotional Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS), Sexual Function Dysfunction Questionnaire (2000) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (1999). Efert and Forsyth were set up. Finally, multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance was used using SPSS software version 22 to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital in patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it can be said that there is a significant difference between the three groups in the post-test scores after adjusting the pre-test scores and Also, the results showed that the schema of therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to tolerance of emotional distress, sexual dysfunction and psychological capital among patients with multiple sclerosis has a good stability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intimacy education with an Islamic approach on cognitive flexibility and the meaning of couples living in the stage of the marriage referring to Bushehr city counseling centers in 1399. The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group and the statistical population of the present study. 1225 couples were referred to the counseling centers of Bushehr city, among which 15 couples were voluntary selected and after matching subjects, Entry and exit criteria were randomly assigned between two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received training after the pre-test for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (each week of a meeting); But the control group did not receive any training after pre-test. The instrument of this research was the meaning of life questionnaire (2006) and cognitive flexibility of Denis and Vandrol (2010). Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and SPSS 24 software. The findings showed that education of intimacy with an Islamic approach increased each of the components of life meaning, meaning in life and search for meaning in the subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, the training of intimacy with the Islamic approach increased each of the components of cognitive flexibility, ie perception, perception of controllability and perception of behavioral behavior in the experimental group compared with the control group.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and metacognition on reducing obsessive thoughts in anxiety patients.

The research method is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group.The statistical population consisted of all patients referred to Motamedi Hospital and Roshna Semnan Counseling Center in 2019, from which a sample of 36 persen was selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 12 persen, including two experimental and a control group.At first, the OBQ questionnaire of the study group on obsessive-compulsive disorder (2003) was distributed in all three groups and the answers were recorded as pre-test scores.The members of the first experimental group were treated with "mindfulness-based cognitive therapy" based on the protocol of Seagal, Williams and Tizdell (2002). Members of the second experimental group underwent "metacognitive therapy" based on the method of metacognitive therapy of Wales (2008). No intervention was performed for control group. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) with SPSS-22 statistical software.

The results show the effectiveness of both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and metacognitive therapy approaches in reducing obsessive-compulsive disorder in anxious patients (P <0.01). In addition, the results shwos that there was no istatistical significant difference (P> 0.05) between the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention and metacognitive therapy on reducing obsessive thoughts in anxiety patients.

According to this study, it can be concluded that both cognitive therapy-based approaches to mindfulness and metacognitive therapy on reducing obsessive thoughts in anxiety patients are not different from each other and can be effective.

This research aims to explain the eating behavior based on brain-behavioral systems and executive functions and the mediating role of emotional regulation was performed. 

The method of the current research was a correlational description. The statistical population of the research was all men and women between 30 and 40 years of age in Tehran in 1400, of which 190 people were selected as the research sample using the random multi-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, tools of eating behavior (Dutch, 1986), brain-behavioral system (Jackson, 2009) and cognitive-emotional regulation (Garnefsky and Kraij, 2006) were used. Amos-V8.8 software was used to analyze the data. In order to analyze the research data, the structural equation modeling method was used. 

 The research findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, the results showed that the standard coefficient of the direct path between eating behavior and 5 subscales of the brain-behavioral system, namely the behavior activation system (0.196), the behavior inhibition system (0.217) and avoidance (0.256) with a significance level less than 0.05 and war (0.436) and freezing (0.379) are significant with a significance level less than 0.01, so the brain-behavioral system positively and significantly predicts eating behavior. 

Conclsion:

 the results showed that the brain-behavioral system positively and significantly predicts eating behavior through the mediation of emotional cognitive regulation. Therefore, the behavioral brain systems and emotional regulation play an important role in predicting the eating behaviors of overweight and obese people, which should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the place of health control, irrational health beliefs and adherence to treatment in people with type II diabetes.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population in this study was men and women with a diagnosis of type II diabetes referred to Imam Hossein Clinic in Sari. During a public call (Imam Hossein Clinic located in Sari), men and women eligible to participate in the study were available to 45 people. They were selected and then randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive-behavioral therapy (n = 15), acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). The cognitive-behavioral therapy group received the Free (2005) treatment protocol in twelve sessions and the Hayes (2004) protocol commitment acceptance therapy group received eight sessions. All three groups were evaluated in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the Healthy Rational Beliefs Questionnaire by Christensen et al. (1999), the Multistage Center of the Walton and Walton Health Control Center (1982) and the Madanloo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (2013). The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures variance.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and group acceptance and commitment therapy on irrational health beliefs (P = 0.043 and F = 3.497), external control (P = 0.022 and F = 4.342). ), Internal control (P = 0.023 and F = 5.236) and treatment adherence (P = 0.001 and F = 12.606) have an effect in the post-test phase and this effect was reported in the stable follow-up phase.

This research was conducted with the purpose of presenting a structural model for predicting wisdom based on successful intelligence and psychological well-being with the mediating role of students' self-efficacy.

The cross-sectional research method is correlation type. The statistical population of this research was made up of all female and male students of Azad Universities of Tehran province in 2019-2019, from which 400 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), psychological well-being (Reif, 1989) and self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982) were used, all of which had acceptable validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Amos-V8.8 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit.

The results showed that successful intelligence has a direct effect on wisdom, the relationship between successful intelligence and wisdom is directly equal (t = 2.08 and β = 0.25). In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of students through self-efficacy, it is rejected with 95% confidence. The results showed that psychological well-being had a direct effect on wisdom, the relationship between psychological well-being and wisdom is directly equal (t = 4.91 and β = 0.68). In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of psychological well-being on the wisdom of students through self-efficacy, it is confirmed with 95% certainty.

Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps researchers and therapists in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments

The aim of this study was to determine the moderating role of orientation in men's sexual relationship with marital instability. The method of the present study is correlational. The statistical population of the study was men living in Tehran who had lived together for at least one year. Thus, 150 people were selected by available sampling method from different parts of Tehran by referring to public places and distributing a questionnaire in cyberspace. Measurement tools in this study included MII Marriage Instability Questionnaire, BSRI Gender Maps and SRS Sexual Orientation. The results showed that sexual orientation has a moderating role in the relationship between gender roles and marital instability. High levels of participatory sexual orientation reduce marital instability. The high exchange rate of sexual intercourse increases the instability of marriage in men. Also, in the direction of expectation in sexual intercourse, its increase leads to an increase in marital instability in men. In men with high expectations of exchange, exchange, and expectation in sex, increased gender roles reduce instability; But in men with low participatory and exchange orientations, increased gender roles do not change the degree of marital instability.

Due to the increasing elderly population, issues related to the health and life quality of ageing group are worse than any other age group. The purpose of the study was survey of Effectiveness of the Four -Factor Model of Mindfulness and Self-Compassion training on Life Satisfaction and Resilience of Elderly Women.

method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population consisted of 473 elderly women who were residents in Guilan province in nursing homes in 2020. A sample of 45 individuals were selected by purposeful sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion creteria and were randomly divided into three groups, respectively Mindfulness Experimental Group (15 participants), Self-Compassion (15 participants) and Control Group (15 participants). For first experimental group, 8 sessions of Kabat – zinn's mindfulness training and for the other experimental group, 8 sessions of Gilbert's self-compassion training were performed (one session in a week and 2 Hours per-session). There was no intervention in the control group. Participants were evaluated in three groups at pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages using Diner et al's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. And Conner & David Son's Resilience Questionnaire. uni-variate Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the 4-factor model of mindfulness and self-compassion improved the life satisfaction and resilience of older women in the post-test (p <0.05), and this effect was permanent in the follow-up phase (p <0.05).

Therefore, this intervention can be used effectively as part of therapeutic interventions in nursing homes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of marital relationship enrichment training on emotional literacy, couple compatibility, marital burnout and distress tolerance in couples referring to Gonbad clinics.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control and follow-up group. The statistical population of this research is all the couples who referred to Gonbad city clinics in 2019-1400. Available sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample size was considered equal to 32 people, and the subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (16 people) and the control group (16 people). In this plan, Johnson's (1997) emotion-oriented couple therapy training was held in eight sessions for 90 minutes. The research tools were Emotional Literacy Questionnaire, Iranian Kimiai Family Psychological Functions Scale (2008), Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale (DAS) (1976), Pines Marital Discomfort Scale (1996) and Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005). To analyze the results, repeated measure variance analysis was used.

The results showed the effectiveness of marital relationship enrichment training on emotional literacy (F=51.34, P=0.001), couples' compatibility (F=46.03, P=0.001), marital boredom (07/07) F=48, P=0.001) and distress tolerance F=032.86, P=0.001) were effective and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase.

Therefore, this intervention can be used as a part of therapeutic interventions effectively in marital adjustment and reducing boredom and increasing distress tolerance of conflicted couples.