مجله طب جنوب
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 6 (بهمن و اسفند 1401)

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airways which is characterized by variable and recurrent symptomes. The disease causes airways inflamtion and hyperresponsiveness, reversible airways obstruction and airway deformity and  accomponied with symptoms including shortness of breath, cough and wheezing in patients. Environmental and genetic factor  such as gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of asthma. Gene polymorphisms alter the function of genes, hence they involve in disease progression. Studies have shown genetic polymorphism in ADAM33 and TBX21 genes are associated with the risk of asthma.

In present study the polymorphism rs2787094 of ADAM33 and rs11650354 of TBX21 genes was assessed for the first time in Iranian asthma patients and healthy individuals. For this purpose, 30 blood samples from asthma patients and 30 samples from healthy donors was collected. Then DNA was extracted, and subsequently ARMS-PCR technique was used, applying specific designed primers for normal and mutant allels for each polymorphism of candidate genes and then the results were analysed.

The results indicated rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 was significantly associated with the risk of asthma, while there was no significant relation between rs11650354 in TBX21 with asthma risk.

It seems that rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 and different genotype in this locus play siginificant role in asthma risk in Iranian patients.

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different demographic, behavioral and clinical factors on breast cancer.

Method and Materials:

 In this case-control study, data collection forms were prepared from137 patients with breast cancer in Bushehr City and 137 women referred to comprehensive health services centers as the control group. This form included demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests were used to measure the univariate relationship and logistic regression test to adjust the effect of different variables.

In univariate analysis there was no significant relationship between breast cancer and occupation, night shift, menarche age, menopausal age, marriage age, number of pregnancies, tobacco use, consumption of meat, legumes, food rich in vitamin A, oral contraceptive pills and radioactive exposure. In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between breast cancer and family history, pregnancy history, age of first delivery, history of breastfeeding, physical activity, consumption of fish, dairy, hookah use, secondhand smoke and body mass index. Considering family history, high physical activity, consumption of high amount of fish and low amount of dairy products, there was a significant relationship between these factors and breast cancer even after adjusting the effect of other factors.

Regarding significant relationship between family history, consumption of little amount of dairy products and breast cancer, screening for breast cancer more regularly especially among those women with family history of breast cancer and having a healthy life style is necessary.

Pulmonary embolism refers to the blockage of pulmonary arteries or a condition in which blood flow to the lungs is interrupted by a blood or fat clot. This phenomenon eventually leads to ische-mia and respiratory failure, which, without diagnosis and treatment, will result in the lungs losing their efficiency. Along with other diagnostic methods such as CT angiography and the D-dimer test, nuclear medicine scans are very helpful in embolism cases as a non-invasive diagnostic method. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to compare D-dimer tests with perfusion-ventilation scans in patients suspected of having pulmonary embo-lisms.

According to the Nuclear Medicine Association protocol, 112 patients underwent lung scintigraphy (V/Q) with SPECT imaging systems (Siemens Ecam models). D-dimer tests were admin-istered to all patients before the scan, at the discretion of the attending physician. Data were collected and the distribution of embolism probability (normal, low, high, and intermediate probabilities) among refer-ring patients was evaluated using Modified PIOPED criteria. In addition, D-dimer test values were evalu-ated and compared with possible pulmonary embolism diagnoses and clinical conditions (age, surgery, pregnancy, and underlying diseases).

This study showed that 26.2% of patients with normal V/Q and 15.4% of patients with V/Q with a low probability of embolism had positive D-dimer tests. Accordingly, patients with intermediate and high probabilities of pulmonary embolism had 33.3% and 50% positive D-dimer tests, respectively. Addi-tionally, the results of the studies showed that the correlation with D-dimers negative (positive) in individ-uals less than or equal to 60 years, who had a normal scan and a low, intermediate, or high embolism probability was 74% (26%), 92.3% (7.7%), 83.3% (16.7%), and 0% (100%) respectively. Over 60-year-olds showed the same correlation with 73.3% (26.7%), 76.9% (23.1%), 55.6% (44.4%), and 100% (0%) respectively.

A higher D-dimer level does not correspond to a positive pulmonary embolism finding on V/Q scans. Furthermore, according to the obtained results, high D-dimer values are significantly correlated with V/Q scan findings in patients less than or equal to 60 years old, but there is no significant statistical correlation between high D-dimer values in patients with surgery, underlying diseases and pregnant wom-en with V/Q scan findings

The Covid-19 crisis in December 2019 as a global pandemic was followed by many disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression among different communities and occupational groups. The high incidence and mortality statistics and the lack of known treatment methods indicate the need to discover the awareness, attitude and performance of the society about Corona. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the awareness, attitude and self-care behaviors about Corona disease and its relationship with anxiety in employees of universities of Bushehr in 1400.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study in which 287 employees of selected universities of Bushehr participated. The participants received online the researcher-made questionnaire of awareness, attitude and performance about the disease of Covid-19, Spielberger's overt and covert anxiety questionnaire. Mean, standard deviation, frequency tables and graphs were used to describe the data. For data analysis, univariate regression and hierarchical multivariate regression were performed. In the end, after data collection, data analysis was done through SPSS version 19 software.

The average scores of participants’ knowledge, attitude and self-care against Covid-19 in the study were (28.19±1.88), (13.38±1.30) and (34.26±4.02) accordingly. 68% of the participants in the study had moderate to severe overt anxiety and 88% had moderate to severe hidden anxiety. Attitude had a significant relationship with overt anxiety (P>0.001). Full and relative satisfaction with income was also related to obvious anxiety (P>0.001); However, awareness and self-care had no significant relationship with overt and covert anxiety (p>0.05).

According to the findings of the study, although the knowledge of the participants about the covid-19 disease was lower than the average, but they had a higher than average attitude  and performance self-care and high anxiety. In fact, those participants who had a positive view in the conditions of Covid-19 had a lower level of anxiety. But awareness and self-care were not related to their anxiety. It is suggested that related to the undesirable level of participants’ knowledge and their anxiety in covid 19 conditions, health system administrator should develop health education programs of the country and senior university s with the aim of improving the necessary knowledge about Covid-19 and reducing the anxiety levels of employees. Also, the findings of our study lead to the fact that the positive self-care attitude and performance of the participants in Corona conditions is realized in the shadow of other components apart from having awareness, which is necessary for researchers in this field to explain the role of other factors by conducting other studies. Factors affecting the attitude and performance of self-care in Corona conditions should pay more attention.

Endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1), also known as Wermer syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the combined occurrence of two or more tumors (classically parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary). Due to the rarity of MEN-1 syndrome and the complexity of the disease, clinical management is difficult, and it is recom-mended to collaborate with a professional team including: clinical geneticist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, oncolo-gist, endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, radiologist, and histopathologist. Here, a case of a young patient with MEN-1 syndrome is introduced, who was admitted to Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr due to hypercalcemia. The patient had a history of lipoma in childhood and currently has tumoral involvement of all three classic glands of this syndrome.