نشریه بهره برداری و پرورش آبزیان
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

Increasing the growth and immune system of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) which is a valuable species is an important aim for aquaculture so The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pectin and L. plantarum on growth performance and growth genes of juvenile beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Triplicate groups of beluga juveniles each (15 ± 3 g) were placed in 9 oval tanks (400) and fed with the 107 cfu g-1, 108 cfu g-1, pectin (1%), pectin (2%), 107 cfu g-1 and 1% pectin, 107 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin, 108 cfu g-1 and 1% pectin, 108 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin and control group. The trial lasted 8 weeks. At the end of experiment biometery was done and brain and liver tissue were separataed. Results showed that although pectin and L. plantarum could enhance growth factors separately,the highest FW, GW and SGR was observed in fish fed 108 cfu g-1 and 2% pectin which had significant differences with others treatments and control (P<0.05). Also the highest genes expression was in this treatment and the lowest in control. In general, pectin and L. plantarum could significantly affect growth performance in juvenile blugae

Mushrooms have a large amount of biologically active compounds such as prebiotics. In the present study, we tested the effect of supplementing oyster mushroom powder in the diet on growth performance, survival, serum and mucus immune parameters and mucus protein pattern of Nile tilapia fingerlings. Therefore, 200 pieces of Nile tilapia fingerlings with an average weight of 9.15 ± 0.09 g were prepare and then, they were fed with oyster mushroom powder at four levels including 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g kg-1 diet by 3% of their body weight per day (three replications). At the end of the experiment, biometry was performed to measure the growth performance. Also, some serum and mucus immune parameters such as total immunoglobulin and lysozyme were investigated. The protein pattern of skin mucus was evaluated by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest levels of lysozyme and mucus immunoglobulin were significantly in the group fed with a diet containing 2 g oyster mushroom powder compared to the control group (P<0.05). The amount of lysozyme and total serum immunoglobulin was significantly higher in the treatments fed with 0.5 and 1 g of oyster mushroom powder, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). The protein bands ranged from 11 to 100 kilo Daltons. The density of bands in the treatment of oyster mushroom powder was higher compared to the control group. In general, the results showed that the diet containing 2 g of oyster mushroom powder had more positive effects on growth performance, protein pattern and some immune parameters of mucus and serum of Nile tilapia fingerlings.

Nowadays, the mixing of low-quality species in canned products, especially in fishery products, is considered as one of the most important problems of monitoring some food industry production units. Among the new methods of detecting counterfeits, genetic methods such as DNA barcoding have high accuracy and precision. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the fraud in canned Iranian tuna fish produced using DNA barcoding, by cytochrome oxidase 1 detector. In this research, canned tuna stuffed with one piece of meat and canned tuna stuffed with chopped meat from different brands available in the market were collected from different regions of the country. The samples after DNA extraction and optimizing its process, were subjected to PCR by cytochrome oxidas 1 gene and then sequenced. The results of the sequencing showed that out of 100 canned samples examined, 80 samples have 97% genetic similarity to the fish listed on the can label, 18 samples have 90% genetic similarity to short fish. (Sillaginidae), and 3 samples belonged to 3 different fish species. Among these, only 3 samples were related to canned tuna prepared from one piece of meat. The results showed that this method is very useful due to its high speed and accuracy, for canned fish, where DNA parts may be lost during the canning process and it can be used to check the amounts of fraud in processed foods are recommended.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental effects of growing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) culture in cages. Data analysis was performed using information related to the storage of rainbow trout in floating cages located in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. The results showed that according to estimating the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus output of the studied cages and their concentration at a depth of 25 meters sea level, the maximum fish farming capacity in the cage is about 100 tons of biomass produced. In the study of the average effects by the Iranian Leopold method, breeding 100 tons of rainbow trout in sea cages has negligible and weak destructive effects. The results of this study confirm the maximum production capacity of about 100 tons in each breeding complex in the southern part of the Caspian Sea by maintaining a distance of at least 500 meters from other complexes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding lactic acid to the diet of rainbow trout on the plasma concentration of minerals and plasma proteins. For this purpose, 4 diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 20 g of lactic acid per kg of diet were prepared. 180 rainbow trout with an average weight of about 100 g were stored in 12 plastic tanks (150 L) and fed with each of the above diets (three tanks for each diet) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the addition of lactic acid to the diet had significant effects on the plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, total protein and globulin (P <0.05). However, plasma total immunoglobulin and albumin were not affected by the addition of lactic acid to the diet (P> 0.05). All lactic acid concentrations significantly increased plasma calcium concentrations. Plasma phosphorus in 5 and 10 g of lactic acid treatments was higher than the control treatment. Plasma concentrations of iron in 10 and 20 g of lactic acid treatment, copper in 20 g of lactic acid treatment and zinc in 10 g of lactic acid treatment were significantly higher than the control treatment. Plasma total protein and globulin in 10 g of lactic acid treatment were higher than the control treatment. The results of this study show that the addition of lactic acid to the diet of rainbow trout has an effective role in increasing the concentration of plasma minerals and proteins. Accordingly, concentrations of 10-20 g / kg of lactic acid had the best results.

The Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea contain a variety of aquatic species. Among which, Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795), Black pomfret fishes are very important and, one of the tuna fish that has increased its catch in recent years. In this research during April to March 2020, trend catch and demographic characteristics and demographic characteristics of Black pomfret were estimated by collecting information from 4 catchment areas in the southern waters of Oman Sea (Sistan and Baluchestan) including Pozem, Konark, Beries and Pasabandar. In this study, more than 14,000 fish at the research stations were biometric and the growth parameters were infinite length of L∞ = 54 cm, growth factor K = 0.36 (yr-1), natural mortality M= 0.52 (yr-1), mortality and mortality (yr-1), F = 1.27, total mortality (yr-1), Z = 1.79 and exploitation coefficient (yr-1), E = 0.71, and the time zero was -0.39 for the years. This study shows that the annual harvest of Black pomfret stock has reached its maximum and any increase in fishing effort will affect this stock and will reduce the amount of exploitation in the long run.

Spiny lobster is one of the most valuable crustaceans in the Gulf of Oman. Overfishing in recent decades has reduced the stocks of this aquatic resource. Therefore, accurate knowledge and study of ecological parameters of lobster habitats are very important because the seabed structure and ecological parameters in these habitats are widely associated with the presence, absence and distribution of lobsters. The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the classification of sediments, the abundance of macrobenthos and environmental factors on a seasonal basis along seven transects and 28 stations. It was carried out in the rocky areas of the coast of Ramin in the east of Chabahar port. The mean values of temperature, salinity, turbidity, acidity and chlorophyll a in the study area were 26.38 ° C, 36.65 PSU, 2.59 FTU, 8.1, 86 µg / L, 0.86, respectively. Almost similar environmental parameters were observed between similar points between the depth of 5 and 15 meters. The macrobenthos results in the studied stations showed that foraminifera and Polychaeta are the most prevalent macrobenthos groups and in the deepest stations in transect T3. Percentages of sand, silt and clay for the sediment samples were 93%, 5% and 2%, respectively. The sedimentary texture of the bed plays an important role in the movement of the lobster in the habitat, and the rocky and sandy bed is a suitable habitat for the lobster. According to the results of this study, the highest percentage of sediment sand was observed in the eastern part of Ramin port. There were similar environmental parameters for equal depths of water. Furthermore, Macrobenthos were most abundant in the eastern region of Ramin port in spring and autumn and agreed with pre-Manson and post-Manson conditions. Therefore, the stations in the eastern part of Ramin port are suitable places for the establishment of artificial reefs.

  A total of 1,200 A. stellatus juveniles at different ages of 55, 69, 77 and 85 days were stored at a density of 100 eggs per square meter. Habitation of A. stellatus juveniles in four breeding treatments including 55 days (0.5-1 g), 69 days (1-3 g), 77 days, (3-5 g) and 85 days (5-10 g) in water Accepted and 4 experiments in different salinities (0-- 0-5, 4-5 /., 9-4 and 9-13) and each experiment was designed in 4 treatments and each treatment had 3 replications. The results of the present study showed that the best breeding period for releasing juvenile A. stellatus fish into the sea (salinity 9-13) during 77 and 85 days (3 to 5 and 5 to 10 g) (df = 3, F = 8.933 P = 0.006) and (, df = 3, F = 68.800 P = 0.000). Is, which has the lowest loss rate.

Growth is a very important factor in economic efficiency of fish breeding farms, so its increasing can improve the fish ponds conditions. For this purpose and for studying the synergistic effects of different amounts of lactic Acid and probiotic lactobacillus acidophilus on growth function, corpse quality and some blood factors of Oncorhynchus mykiss; 540 fishes with average weight of 4:15 ± 2.1 gr in 9 treatments with 3 repetitions were feed by trial food ration including standard trial food ration with and without organic acid and probiotic of 8 weeks. The results showed that the most final weight; weight growth percentage, specific growth, protein efficiency and qualification factor was existed meaning fully in D8 treatment (which feed by ration including probiotic with 109 cfu/g density and 1 % edible lactic acid, D9 treatment (which feed with ration including 109 cfu/g and 1 % edible lactic acid) and specially in D9. Conversion factor in D9, treatment was recorded lower than other treatments (p < 0/05). No significant difference was recorded in fat, protein, ash and humidity amounts between treatments (p > 0/05). The hematocrit level and white blood numbers in D8 and D9 treatments were more than other treatments (p > 0/05) but there was no significant difference in red blood and hemoglobin numbers (p > 0/05).

The purpose of this research was to investigate different methods of protein extraction and compare and choose the best method for the functional properties of protein from spirulina microalgae. Microalgae are one of the most important sources of protein. Proteins play a very important role in human health and are widely used in various industries. . In this research, different methods (freezing-thawing, homogenization, ultrasonic waves and soaking in ethanol and water solutions) were investigated to extract and isolate protein from spirulina microalgae. The functional properties of extracted proteins (water retention capacity, foam production and stability, and emulsifying capacity of the samples) were investigated. According to the results, the extraction method had an effect on the functional properties of the protein (p<0/05). According to the obtained results, the use of mechanical methods for protein extraction resulted in better preservation of functional properties. The functional properties of protein (Water holding capacity, emulsion stability index, foam stability, foam ability, samples extracted with the help of homogenization, ultrasound, freezing and thawing methods were more than other treatments (p<0.05). The index of emulsification capacity and water holding capacity in samples extracted with 4 freeze-thaw cycles was higher than all treatments. The highest level of emulsion stability and foam production was in the samples extracted with ultrasonic waves. According to the results, the use of ultrasonic waves and freeze-thawing cycle is suggested for protein extraction from spirulina microalgae.

Microbiological control of food is important to prevent food poisoning in humans. Pathogenic microorganisms are gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens found in food that cause gastroenteritis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the amount of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella in fish, shrimp and eggs presented in Shahrekord city. In this study, 300 samples, including 100 fish samples, 100 shrimp samples, and 100 egg samples, were randomly collected from retail stores in Shahrekord city and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Islamic Azad University. The samples were enriched in Listeria enrichment culture medium for 48 hours and then on the selected culture medium and the suspected Listeria isolates from Palcam agar culture medium were counted after biochemical confirmation tests and for confirmation Salmonella was used from SS agar, BS agar and then TSI and LIA culture media. Research The results showed that 2 out of 100 fish samples (2 percent), 4 out of 100 shrimp samples (4 percent), and 5 out of 100 egg samples (5 percent) were contaminated. It was Listeria monocytogenes. The amount of Salmonella contamination for fish, shrimp and eggs was 9, 11 and 18 respectively. Due to the prevalence of Listeria, it is recommended to avoid consumption of undercooked seafood by at-risk populations. Strict implementation of sanitary conditions of food contact surfaces and handling areas, and good personal hygiene practices should reduce possible contamination of seafood products by L. monocytogenes.

The effect of liver ultrastructure and changes of liver enzymes with hydrazone derivative 2-phenylthiobenzoic acid as a new anti-inflammatory and its comparison with mefenamic acid was investigated in three spotted gourami fish.

120 pieces of Trichogaster trichopterus female fish with an average weight of 1.93 ± 0.43 g were purchased from from ornamental fish farm and divided into eight groups of 15 including the intact control group, DMSO solvent control, six treatment groups receiving mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative with a dose of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Data analysis was done using SPSS26 software with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at P≥0.05.

The results showed that in the highest dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative, the hepatosomatic index decreased significantly compared to the control treatments (P<0.05). ALP and ALT increased significantly in all mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative treatments compared to control treatments (P<0.05). The highest ALT was measured in medium dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative and the highest AST was measured in low dose of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative (P<0.05). Liver histology with optical microscope showed that in the control treatments, liver sinusoids had a normal shape and a normal trend, while in the treatments of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative, expansion and disorder of the sinusoids occurred. In the examination of the electron microscope, dissociation was observed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the treatments of mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative.

both Mefenamic acid and hydrazone derivative cause liver damage. In all three doses, mefenamic acid has more tissue and cell damage than the hydrazone derivative, and the hydrazone derivative is more favorable in terms of toxic profile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using spirulina algae and Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme in the diet of common carp on growth performance, survival and hematological parameter for 60 days. For this, 540 pieces of common carp fry with an average weight of 102±0.2 g were prepared and under 8 treatments including: 1% spirulina algae powder, 2% spirulina algae powder, 0.05% Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme, 0.1% Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme, combination of spirulina powder (1 and 2%) and Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme (0.05%), combination of spirulina powder (1 and 2%) and Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme (0.1%) and control group (each with 3 replicates) were fed daily 3% of body weight. At the end of the experiment, bioassays were performed on all fish to examine growth indices. In order to perform hematological examinations, blood sampling of all treatments were completely randomly performed. The results of this study showed that the treatments fed a diet containing a combination of 2% algae powder and 0.1% Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme had a higher rate of weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to other experimental treatments (P<0.05). However, the survival percentage was not significantly different between the treatments and the control group (P <0.05). Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference in hematological parameters between treatments fed wih spirulina powder and Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme single and in combination from the control group (P >0.05). In addition, the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit in all treatments were not statistically different from each other (P >0.05). In general, due to the positive effects of combining spirulina algae powder at 2% of the diet and Natuzyme Multi-Enzyme at 0.1% of the diet, adding them is recommended to the diet of common carp.