فصلنامه مدیریت پرستاری
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 44، تابستان 1402)

One of the most important factors in achieving the goals of any organization is human resources. Education organization is one of the most important organizations of societies. Since the people of this organization have very important effects on students and people of a society; Paying attention to the job satisfaction and working life of these people is very important.

This research was applied in terms of objective type and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was made up of health educators and teachers of other male and female subjects in the first secondary public schools of Karaj city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Sampling of health educators and teachers of other subjects was done using the total number method (127 people) and the proportional stratification method (130 people). The research tools included Moghimi's job satisfaction questionnaires (2013) and Ilgan et al.'s (2014) quality of work life questionnaires. Data analysis was done using two-group independent t-test in SPSS26 software at the level of 0.05.

The results of the independent t-test at the significance level (α = 0.5) with 95% confidence level indicate a significant difference between the internal job satisfaction of health educators and teachers and a significant difference in the quality of work life in terms of opportunities at work and relationships with colleagues. It is between these two groups.

It is suggested that the necessary measures to improve these two components in health educators and teachers should be provided by education.

Work-related problems have a negative effect on nurses physically and psychologically and lead to physical complaints. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the Effect of stressful life events and emotional dysregulation on the symptoms of somatization with the mediating role of Alexithymia in nurses.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation type of structural equations. The research community included all nurses working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran. In this study, 230 people were selected by Convenience sampling method. The research tools are: physicalization questionnaire (PHQ-15), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Life Events Scale (LES). Research data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and structural equation modeling method.

The results of the findings show the fit of the assumed model. Also, the direct effect of stressful life events (β=0.150 and P=0.002), emotional dysregulation (β=0.563 and P=0.001) and Alexithymia (β=0.408 and P=0.021) were significant on the symptoms of somatization. In addition, emotional ataxia played a mediating role in the relationship between stressful life events and Alexithymia with somatization symptoms in nurses.

The results of this study show the importance of the mediating role of Alexithymia in the relationship between stressful life events and emotional dysregulation with physical symptoms of nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to design interventions based on these components, because it can probably significantly improve the physical and psychological functions of nurses in a stressful work environment.

Nursing students are one of the groups at risk of suicide, and suicidal thoughts are an important predictive factor for committing suicide and completing it. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of perceived stress, alexithymia and mindfulness in predicting suicidal thoughts of nursing students.

The current research is descriptive and correlational. The number of 180 nursing students studying at the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Faculty of Medical Sciences, in the second half of 2020, was selected using the available sampling method and responded to the Perceived Stress Scale of Cohen et al (1983). Toronto Alexithymia Scale Bagby et al (1994), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale Brown and Ryan (2003), and Beck Scale for  Suicidal Ideation (1991). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis in SPSS-24 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived stress and alexithymia with suicidal thoughts (P<0.01). There is a negative and significant relationship between mindfulness and suicidal thoughts (P<0.01).  Also, the results of multivariate regression analysis also revealed that 49.9% of the variance of nursing students' suicidal thoughts is explained by perceived stress, alexithymia and mindfulness.

The findings of the present study showed that perceived stress and emotional ataxia as a risk factor and mindfulness as a protective factor play a role in the occurrence of suicidal thoughts. Therefore, in order to prevent suicide attempts among nursing students, it is recommended to pay special attention to treatments based on emotion regulation, cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, dialectical behavior therapy, and treatment based on mentalization.

This study investigated the effectiveness of a group-based 8-week intervention, Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy (MiCBT), to decrease health anxiety and death obsession in Patients with COVID-19.

Participants (n = 30, aged 25–45) were randomized to two groups (MiCBT), and control. Outcomes were assessed at pre-, postintervention and at 2-month follow-up. The Secondary outcome measures were the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) and the Death Obsession Scale (DOS).

The MiCBT intervention significantly reduced health anxiety and death obsession scale scores at posttreatment and the gains were maintained at 2-month follow-up (p < 0.0001).

The results support the effectiveness of MiCBT in creating rapid and sustainable reduction of health anxiety and death obsession in Patients with COVID-19. These promising results support the feasibility and acceptability implementation of this intervention in patients with COVID-19 in Iran.

Perfectionism is the important personality traits whose existence in nursing managers can overshadow the mental health of nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism of nursing managers with self-reliance and mind control of young .

The present study is a descriptive correlational study.The study population was 122 people, including all head nurses included 12 people and all young nurses less than 35 years old were 110 people. All head nurses were selected by census method and 73 nurses were selected by purpose sampling method. To determine the type and severity of perfectionism of nursing managers, the questionnaire of Terry-Short et al. was used. Questionnaires of Cole Kuwait et al. and Wells and Davis were used to determine the level of self-reliance and thought control strategies in young nurses respectively.  The research questions were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Friedman's non-parametric test, Spearman's and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis

The results showed that there was no significant relationship between perfectionism,  positive and negative perfectionism and  self-reliant managers of young nurses (P≥0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between perfectionism and thought control of young nurses (P≥0.05). The results of multiple correlation analysis showed that 48.8% of multiple correlation between variables is not significant (P≥0.05).

The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the variable of perfectionism in nursing managers with thought control and self-reliance of young nurses.

In this research, the structural relationship between achievement motivation and perceived academic stress was investigated based on the mediating role of information processing styles and mind wandering in students in the form of a causal model.

The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female undergraduate nursing students of Sari Azad University in the academic year 2020. In this study, to determine the sample size according to the number of observed variables and the allocation of a coefficient of 25 (9 variables observed in the model), and taking into account the possibility of incomplete questionnaires, 240 people were selected as a sample size by available method. Hermans Progress Motivation Questionnaire (1970), Perceived Academic Stress Questionnaire of Zazhakova et al. (2005), information processing styles Questionnaire of Backend and Epstein (1999) and mind wandering Questionnaire of Carrier and Sally (2013) were used to collect data. The construct validity of the instruments was confirmed and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test and combined reliability which was statistically confirmed. Structural equations with SPSS18 and AMOS23 software were used to analyze the data. 

The results showed that; The variables of achievement motivation, information processing styles and mind wandering have a direct and significant effect on perceived academic stress and also the indirect effect of achievement motivation through mediated information processing styles and mind wandering on perceived academic stress was confirmed. In general, the research model was approved and the research variables were able to predict 69% of the perceived academic stress variable.

The present study shows the importance of cognitive factors in explaining academic stress.

As one of the most important members of the health care team, nurses play a vital role in the care-treatment system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of attachment styles on the symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation with the mediation of mentalization in nurses.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation type of structural equations. The research community included all the nurses working in hospitals and medical centers in Tehran, and 220 of them were selected by available sampling method. in order to collect data, beck depression inventory-II, adult attachment inventory, reflective functioning questionnaire, and difficulties in emotion regulation Scale were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software were used.

The results of the findings show the fit of the assumed model. Also, the coefficients of the direct paths of secure attachment style (β = -0.19, T = -2.301), avoidant (β = 0.46, T = 3.39) and ambivalent (T = 0.61, 3.09) = β) was significant to depression. Direct paths of attachment style - secure (T = -0.40, β = -0.28), avoidant (T = β = 0.65, 13) and ambivalent (β = 0.52, T = 3.79) ) was significant to emotional dysregulation. Also, the analysis of research findings indicated the mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between attachment styles and symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation.

According to the findings of the current research, mentalization has an important effect on the symptoms of depression and emotional dysregulation. Therefore, targeted interventions that are used in order to increase the capacity of mentalization, can probably have better clinical outcomes for nurses.

 The Covid-19 disease brought with it demands that were in addition to the previous job demands of nurses and created problems for health-related organizations. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of the job demands of Covid-19 on the desire to leave the service with the mediating role of emotional exhaustion among nurses.

 The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of how to collect information. The statistical population of the research includes all the nurses of Kausar Hospital in Sanandaj. Based on simple random sampling, 238 questionnaires were distributed and research data were analyzed using SPSS23 and Smart-PLS3 software. To measure the job demands of COVID-19 from the questionnaire of Koch and Shermoli (2021), Emotional exhaustion questionnaire of Moslesh and Jackson (1981), Atwood and Hinshaw questionnaire (1985) was used to measure the tendency to turnover intention.

 The results of the research showed that the COVID-19 demands have a direct relationship on the turnover intention (β=0.375, T=693.3) and the emotional exhaustion of working nurses (β=0.520, T=460.7) in Kosar Hospital, Sanandaj and it has meaning. Also, the results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between emotional exhaustion and the turnover intention of working nurses (β=0.353, T=3.747) in Kosar Sanandaj Hospital. In addition, the COVID-19 demands have an indirect and significant relationship with the turnover intention with the mediation of emotional exhaustion among nurses working in Kosar Sanandaj Hospital (β=0.123, T=506.2).

 It can be concluded that the usual job demands of nurses are stressful and tiring in themselves, and if the demands of pandemics like Corona become excessive, it can cause emotional exhaustion of nurses and eventually lead to their leaving the service.

Patient satisfaction is defined based on the level of similarity and proximity of the quality of care and services provided to the ideal conditions that the patient has in mind. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of satisfaction of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences from the medical services, hospital facilities, and medical staff performance.

This study was a descriptive- cross-sectional study conducted between February 2022 to September 2022. The study population consisted of all COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 3 hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences in Alborz province, which were designated as specialized centers for providing services to COVID-19 patients during the coronavirus pandemic. They were included in the study using convenience sampling. The data collection tool in this study was a satisfaction assessment questionnaire.

In this study, 499 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (at the discharge stage) were included in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 51.35 ± 18.83 years. The results showed that the mean overall satisfaction of the patients was (3.80±0.40) and separately for each dimension of the questionnaire, including hospital facilities and medical services (3.62±0.39), and medical staff performance (3.97±0.51).The mean of all dimensions was higher than the midpoint value of 3.5. The comparison of the mean total score and dimensions of patient satisfaction based on demographic variables did not show any significant differences.

The level of patient satisfaction in this study was above average. In addition to indicating high-quality services, patient satisfaction can also play an important role in increasing their cooperation in accepting the disease, the treatment process, and adhering to medication regimens and care instructions.

The spread of the Corona virus and the crisis created in the world, and the need to use the electronic education method in such conditions, while responding to the educational needs of the medical community, is a new solution to adapt to the global educational changes, for the universities of medical sciences in Iran.This study has been conducted with the purpose of designing an electronic education model for Tehran medical sciences universities.

This study was conducted with a hybrid approach in 2021.Using open, central and selective coding and with the participation of 26 experts in the field of e-learning, an e-learning model was developed for the universities of medical sciences in Tehran. The normality of the data was determined by the KS test and the total Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.98, according to the calculations. For data analysis, descriptive statistics using SPSS 22 software, and structural equation modeling (confirmatory factor analysis) using LISREL 8.8 software were used.

The model was designed in 5 dimensions, 16 components and 162 indicators. The five dimensions include: Policy-Making dimension (including National and International components), Infrastructure dimension (including Technology, Support, Legal and Ethical, Education Research components), Structure dimension (including Management, Design, Implementation, Assessment components), Education dimension (including Clinical Education, Training Continuous, Health Education), and Resource dimension (including Financial, Human, Knowledge or Content components).

The results of the present study led to the design of an electronic education model in Tehran medical sciences universities, which can facilitate the movement of medical sciences universities, to achieve electronic education and its growth and development, so that, more effective steps could be taken in parallel with higher education programs in the field of health, to implement the transformation and innovation plan in medical science education.