مجله سلامت جامعه
سال هفدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition, in which the person with pain faces so much suffering and medical expenses. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with chronic pain in the back and spine who referred to the specialized and physiotherapy clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Islamshahr in 2022. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups The experimental ISTDP and MBCT groups received 8 sessions each (one 1-hour session per week), but the control group did not receive any interventions. Demographic information checklist and Taylor and Cox’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

In the linear combination of anxiety sensitivity variables and dimensions of physical, cognitive, and social symptoms according to group membership and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, the interaction effect of group and time was significant (F=218.063, p<0.001 & η=0.603). The difference in the average score of ISTDP with MBCT with the control group was significant in anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions with Benferroni test (p<0.001), However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two intervention methods (p>0.05).

Both intervention methods had a positive effect on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain. These findings can be promising in planning rehabilitation and treatment interventions for these patients along with conventional medical treatment.

In addition to physical problems, people with COVID-19 are involved with many psychological problems. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and short-term solution-focused therapy (SSFT) on hope in female patients with COVID-19.
This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of women infected with COVID-19 in Tabriz City in 2022 (about 2350 people). In total, 45 patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups. Members of both experimental groups received their treatment, respectively, in 8 and 6 sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatments. The measurement tool was Snyder's Hope Scale. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance & Bonferroni post hoc test.
In the pre-test, the mean and standard deviation of the hope variable in the MBCT group was 12.73±2.54, in the SSFT group 12.60±2.38, and in the control group 13.87±1.68 (p>0.05). Both treatments compared to the control group, increased hope in patient after the test (p<0.001). In the follow-up phase, the effect of these two treatments on hope was lasting (p<0.001). The effect of these two treatments on hope at post-test and follow-up was not significantly different (p>0.05).
It seems that MBCT and SSFT can increase the hope of patients with COVID-19, so they can probably be a useful treatment strategy to improve the mental state of cardiac patients with COVID-19

One of the characteristics of children with developmental coordination disorder is height control disorder. Because they respond to balance and motor function disorders more slowly compared to their peers. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of yoga and suspended exercises on the static and dynamic balance of children with developmental coordination disorder. This was a quasi-experimental study with a control group conducted in the spring 2023 in Tehran. In this study, 45 children with developmental coordination disorder were randomly divided into three groups of suspension exercises, yoga exercises, and control group (15 people in each group). The suspension training group and the yoga training group practiced for 6 weeks and 3sessions of 45 minutes each week, but the control group did not do any activities. In order to evaluate dynamic and static balance, the Sharpened Romberg test and the sit-up test were used in the pre-test and post-test stages, respectively. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that static and dynamic balance in the suspended exercise group (p<0.001) and static balance (p<0.001) and dynamic balance (p<0.01) in the yoga exercise group were significantly different from the control group. The results show that yoga and suspension intervention exercises are likely to be effective for improving the static and dynamic balance of children with developmental coordination disorder, and these exercises can be used along with other common treatments to improve the mentioned indicators.

Today, treating women's sexual diseases is considered one of the essential issues of strengthening the family system and, by its very nature, the strengthening of the social system. Achieving this requires performing physical and psychological treatments. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct stimulation and schema therapy on anxiety, pain, cognitive flexibility, and selective attention in women with vaginismus.

The current research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was female patients with vaginismus in Tehran in 2021. 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data collection tools were Kettle's Anxiety Questionnaire (1973), Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ-2) (2009), and Semantic Stroop Test (1935). The experimental group underwent transcranial stimulation intervention (10 sessions of 20 minutes) and schema therapy intervention (10 sessions of 90 minutes). The control group did not receive any interventions. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of the covariance test.

The results showed that anxiety, pain, and selective attention have decreased due to direct transcranial stimulation and schema therapy interventions (p<0.05). Also, due to transcranial direct stimulation and schema therapy interventions, cognitive flexibility has increased (p<0.05).

It seems that the present study's findings provide an empirical support for these two treatment methods in the treatment of vaginismus disorder. The awareness of health psychotherapists about these treatments can probably help overcome this disorder.

Divorced women often face many problems due to fear of intimacy and ineffective emotional regulation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of psychodrama training with eclectic mindful emotion-focused training and emotion-focused training on fear of intimacy and emotional self-regulation among divorced women.
This research was a quasi-experimental study with a control group. The statistical population was divorced women in the spring 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. Among them, 64 women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three experimental groups and a control group (each with 16 people). The Fear of Intimacy Scale of Descutner and Thelen (1991) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Gratz and Roemer  (2004) were used to assess dependent variables in three stages. The three training groups were each trained for 12 sessions of 90 minutes. The data were analyzed by the repeated measures analysis of variance.
The results showed a significant difference in fear of intimacy and emotional self-regulation between emotion-focused training, psychodrama training, and eclectic training with the control group and between emotion-focused training and psychodrama training (p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the psychodrama and emotion-focused training and the eclectic training group (p<0.05).
Considering the effectiveness of eclectic mindful emotion-focused training, psychodrama training, and emotion-focused training on reducing the fear of intimacy and emotional self-regulation, and also the high effectiveness of psychodrama compared to the emotion-focused training, it is suggested that in counseling and psychotherapy centers, all three methods be used for divorced women.
Keywords: Emotion-focused, Mindfulness, Psychodrama, Training, Fear of intimacy, Emotional regulation, Divorced women

Due to pulmonary involvement, COVID-19 patients experience a decrease in the saturation of peripheral oxygen. These patients perceive a lot of stress and are required to comply with isolation conditions. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of remote stress management training on the saturation of peripheral oxygen of covid-19 patients.
In this randomized clinical trial, the research population was all the patients with COVID-19 referred to Gharazi Hospital in Isfahan City in the winter 2021. 70 people were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into two intervention and control groups (35 people) by limited randomization method. For the intervention group, the remote stress management online training program was implemented in five 60-minute sessions over two weeks. The control group did not receive any training. The saturation of peripheral oxygen index was measured before and after training sessions. The data were analyzed using chi-square test, analysis of variance, independent and paired t-test, and analysis of covariance.
Mean and standard deviation of the saturation of peripheral oxygen in the pre-test and post-test in the intervention group were 93.83±2.25 and 97.82±1.05, respectively, and in the control group 94.02±2.15 and 95.16±1.99, respectively. Remote stress management training has had a significant effect on the saturation of peripheral oxygen in COVID-19 patients (p=0.001) and increased this index in the intervention group (p<0.05).
Remote stress management training can improve the saturation of peripheral oxygen in covid-19 patients. Therefore, this method of training is recommended due to the convenience and possibility of using it in the isolation conditions of these patients.

Resilience is a concept presented in the context of positive psychology and has a special place, especially in the fields of developmental psychology, family psychology, and mental health. This study aimed to predict resilience based on self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness in the conditions of public quarantine of Coronavirus. In this descriptive-correlational study, 174 individuals who entered the psychological services clinic in Qazvin from October to February 2020, simultaneously with the third wave of Coronavirus outbreak and mandatory quarantine declaration, were selected by purposeful sampling. After obtaining informed consent, the scales of resilience, self-esteem, self-compassion, and mindfulness were used to collect information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression. There was a significant positive relationship between resilience and self-compassion, mindfulness, and self-esteem (F=139.24, p<0.01). The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that variables of self-esteem and self-compassion could predict resilience with β=0.37 and β=0.59, respectively (p<0.01); and mindfulness could not predict resilience (p>0.05). The results showed that self-esteem and self-compassion were associated with resilience in quarantined individuals; and mindfulness was not related to resilience. Therefore, in order to increase the resilience of the society in the post-Corona conditions and similar critical conditions such as communicable diseases or natural disasters, teachings related to self-compassion and self-esteem can be helpful.

Weakness and change of balance strategy can affect the plantar pressure distribution symmetry. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) along with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on the plantar pressure distribution symmetry in women with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP).

In this experimental study, the statistical population was 30 women with CNLBP referred to five orthopedic clinics in Hamedan in 2020. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group performed CSE along with ADIM for 8 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Plantar pressure distribution was evaluated before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the results between the groups.

The experimental group with a higher effect size in the symmetry of the right-left foot pressure distribution (ηp2=0.749, p<0.001), the symmetry of the fore-back pressure distribution of the right foot (ηp2=0.556, p<0.001), and the symmetry of fore-back pressure distribution of the left foot (ηp2= 0.597, p<0.001) had a significant difference with the control group.

It is suggested that patients perform a combination of CSE and ADIM to strengthen both the mechanical and respiratory aspects of the core muscles of the body through increasing the activation of deep muscles as stabilizing and respiratory muscles. The combination of these protocols through stabilization of the spine can disperse the high forces and balance the plantar pressure distribution, and reduce the pain intensity.