نشریه یافته های تحقیقاتی در گیاهان زراعی و باغی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

The new oilseed rape cultivar Nilofar (R15), is the result of screening and purifying single plants in segregating generations derived from the cross "Symbol×Orient". During five years of consecutive cultivation, screening of single plants was continued to access pure lines using pedigree method and pure lines were selected in F4 generation. During cropping season 2008-2009, 84 pure lines were evaluated in preliminary yield trial. Results showed that Nilofar variety with a mean yield of 3352 kgha-1 had higher grain yield by 45% compared to the Okapi control variety with a mean grain yield of 1833 kgha-1. In the Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU) trial in six research stations of cold and mid cold regions of Iran including Karaj, Isfahan, Hamedan, Islam abad-e- gharb, Khoy and Arak during two cropping seasons 2009-2011, Nilofar variety with an average grain yield of 3783 kgha-1, ranked first and had 16.1% grain yield more than the Okapi. Under delayed sowing date and stopping irrigation from silique development stage in Karaj during two cropping seasons 2012-2014, Nilofar with 1986 kgha-1 and 0.62 kgm-3 in term of grain yield and water use efficiency, respectively, was superior to Okapi with 1626 kgha-1 grain yield and 0.62 kgm-3 water use efficiency. The glucosinolate content of Nilofar variety was less than 10 μmolg-1 of dry matter and the erucic acid content of the oil was less than 2%. The results of the extension research project in Kermanshah province showed that the mean grain yield of the Nilofer variety at two sites of Sarab Nilofer and Mahidasht was 4004 kgha-1, which was 14.8% higher than the Okapi control cultivar. Due to its high grain yield potential and appropriate agronomic characteristics, line R15 was released under the name of Nilofar and is recommended for cultivation in the cold and mild cold regions of Iran.

Saffar (Zabol 10b line) variety was obtained by pedigree method from Goliath×19H cross. Based on preliminary evaluation, this variety showed significant earlier maturity (13 day), in 2010-2011, compared to the other lines of canola. Based on adaptability expieriments in Zabol, Safiabad, Behbahan, Boushehr, Gorgan, Gonbad, Sari and Moghan regions in 2011-2012, its grain yield had not significant difference from control variety RGS, but had a high early maturity. The new variety had a lower rank variance which indicates the Less performance fluctuations and stability in different years and regions compared to control variety RGS. Saffar cultivar with 165 days growth period was 12 days earlier in maturity than control variety RGS in warm south and north regions. The oil content of new variety was 43.15%, which has not significant difference with control variety RGS but in terms of having higher amounts of oleic acid and lower amounts of linolenic acid, it has a better quality. The field response of new variety to stem sclerotinia disease showed good relative tolerance in the north climate, which has significant difference with control variety RGS. Based on outstanding features such as yield stability, early maturity, possibility of escaping from drought and heat in the last season, saving at least one irrigation stage and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name of Saffar in 2018 and recommended for late cultivation in warm areas with short growing seasons in warm south and north climate zones of the country such as the south of Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan and Gorgan.

In crop season 2012-2013 wheat genotype "Frncln/Rolf07" was introduced to Iran within an international nursery received from CIMMYT and was studied in experiment of evaluation of yield and agronomic characteristics of spring wheat genotypes in international nurseries in temperate regions. Then in 2013-2014 crop season, it was selected in a preliminary regional wheat yield trial under normal irrigation with an average yield of 8114 kgha-1 compared to the check cultivars Parsi, Sirvan, Pishtaz and sivand, respectively, with grain yield of 8.035, 8.022, 6.914 and 7.985 kgha-1. This cultivar was further investigated in the advanced regional wheat yield trial of temperate regions of the country during 2014-2015 and with average grain yield of 7093 kgha-1 compared to 6495 and 6423 kgha-1 yield of check cultivars Parsi and Sirvan, respectively, and was selected for adaptation evaluation. The average yield of M-94-15 line in temperate climate adaptation experiment during the 2015-2017 crop season under normal conditions was 7231 kgha-1 verses 6688 kgha-1 of Parsi cultivar and 6574 kgha-1 of Baharan cultivar and in general, total mean grain yield was 3% higher than the average of whole genotypes. Due to the good condition of M-94-15 line reaction to stripe rust (O-30MR) and leaf rust (O-30MSS) diseases, as well as the resistance to grain shattering and good bread making quality, this line was selected for study at the level of farmers' fields. Wheat line M-94-15 based on its favorable agronomic characteristics, suitable earliness and good bread making quality was released in 2019 as Farin for cultivation in temperate agro-climatic regions.

The south warm climate of Iran is one of the regions with the ability to grow spring oilseed rape cultivars. Cultivation of oilseed rape in this climate faces the problem of environmental stress such as terminal drought and heat stress. Therefore, in addition to yield, earliness is one of the important priorities to introducing spring oilseed rape cultivars in these areas. Asa (promising line SRL-93-4) is an early-maturing and relatively high-yielding cultivar that resulted from hybridization between R308 early-maturing spring line and Modena as a high-yielding winter cultivar. The segregated generations were conducted by pedigree method. Preliminary and adaptation trails showed that SRL-93-4 line was superior compared to check cultivars in the regions under study. In the adaptation trail, the SRL-93-4 line (with 2581 kgha-1 seed yield) showed a significant superiority over the control cultivar RGS003 (with 2155 kgha-1 seed yield). Also, it was found that the SRL-93-4 line was matured 11 days earlier than the check variety RGS003 on the average. The results of stability methods revealed that SRL-93-4 line was the high stable genotype. A field trial for Blackleg disease showed that the SRL-93-4 line had a relative tolerance to the Blackleg. Analysis of the fatty acids profile showed that SRL-93-4 seed oil had a level of erucic acid close to zero, and in terms of the composition of fatty acids, it was within the standard range, but with more oleic acid and less linolenic acid compared to the RGS003 variety. Also, the amount of glucosinolate of the meal was less than standard level. The results of the on-farm trails in Zahak and Zabol regions of the Sistan and Baluchestan province showed that SRL-93-4 line (with 2200 kgha-1 seed yield) had a non-significant difference seed yield with Dalgan check cultivar (with 2361 kgha-1 seed yield); But it was eight days earlier than the check variety. Therefore, due to the desirable characteristics such as early maturity, relative tolerance to Blackleg disease and good performance, the new promising line SRL-93-4 which released as Asa variety is recommended for cultivation in the south warm regions of the country.

In order to determine the Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) of some cotton genotypes in Khorasan-Razavi province during 2014 and 2015, the seed cotton yield and its components and some related morphological and fibers quality traits of the genotypes and the control cultivars were compared based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Studied genotypes were: Kashmar, Khorshid and R7, and Golestan, Khordad, and Varamin commercial control cultivars were the control cultivars. The results showed that the weight of the boll was higher in the second year, and the seed cotton yield and earliness were higher in the first year. Also, R7 and Khorshid genotypes had the highest and lowest number of fruiting branches in the years of the trial, respectively. Khordad control cultivar and Khorshid genotype had the highest number of bolls (17 bolls) in both years of the trial. Kashmar genotype also had the highest crown diameter (the diameter of the first node of stem on the soil surface) and plant height (120 cm) in both years of the trial. Also, in both years, Khordad and Golestan control cultivars had the highest and the new Khorshid and Kashmer genotypes had the lowest number of vegetative branches in the first and second year. Kashmar genotype had higher gin turn out and fiber strength (39.96 % in the first year and 30.48 g/tex strength in the second year, respectively). Based on the results of this research, with due attention to close canopy structure of the and higher plant height and less number of vegetative branches of Khorshid and Kashmer genotypes, these genotypes are suitable and recommendable for cultivation in Razavi Khorasan province and similar areas.

The new bread wheat cultivar Tirgan with spring growth habit type received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was evaluated in 2009-10 in international Nurseries. In the cropping season 2010-11, this cultivar was cultivated in preliminary regional wheat yield trials (PRWYT) of the northern climate. In the cropping season 2011-12 in advanced regional wheat yield trials (ARWYT) Tirgan cultivar was selected with an average yield of 5.731 tha-1 compared to the average yield of the control cultivars (Morvarid and Gonbad) with 5.372 tha-1. Also, in the cropping season 2012-13 and 2013-14, in the elit regional wheat yield trial (ERWYT), yield, grain yield and other traits were investigated in four stations of the northern climate (Gorgan, Moghan, Sari and Gonbad). The average yield of this cultivar in ERWYT traits was 5.893 tha-1, and the average of the check cultivars, Morvarid and Gonbad, was 5.401 and 5.356 tha-1 respectively. Due to the acceptable resistance of this variety over several years, to fusarium head blight, powdery mildew and high resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, high and stable grain yield potential with very good baking quality compared to the control varieties, this cultivar is a good substitute for the old varieties in the plains of the Caspian coast, including the Moghan plain in Ardabil province, Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, and it can increase wheat production in the region along with other varieties and have an effective role and act as one of the tools to manage and control various diseases by increasing diversity in this fully stressed climate in terms of various diseases.

In order to study the adaptability and determine the cultivation value of new corn hybrids, 16 forage maize genotypes of local and exotic origin were evaluated along with three common genotypes (KSC704, Bolson and Massil) in four different regions (Karaj, Maghan, Jovein and Dezful) using randomized complete block design with four replications in two years (2020 and 2021). Important traits such as days to flowering, plant height, ear height, ear-to-plant ratio and wet silage yield were recorded, based on the manual of value for cultivation and use test. To evaluate the yield stability, Francis and Kannenberg's environmental coefficient of variation was used. The results of two-years mean comparison of yield showed that Egean, Sy-Lavaredo, ZP873, Zarin2 and Zarin3 hybrids had the highest forage yield with 65.4, 64.8, 64.7, 63.8 and 62.3 tons per hectare, respectively, While the average yield of check varieties was 60 tons per hectare. Sy-Andromeda, Sy-Lavaredo, Egean, Jeta poly, Zarin 1, Zarin 2, Zarin 3 and ZP873 hybrids can be introduced with general adaptability, due to their higher yield and yield stability in comparison with the check varieties. Sy-Bilbao and BT-6470 hybrids are recommended in Karaj and Jovein regions and Ajeeb and ZP600 hybrids are also recommended in Jovein region with specific adaptability. ZP707, RGT-Joxxlin, RGT-Coruxxo and Exxupery hybrids do not deserve to release as a new variety because of low forage yield and yield adaptability in comparison with the check varieties.

Tapour variety line (P-11 / 6-70036) was obtained from a cross between Sahar (Pershing) and K.W-505 in Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center in 1992. The study of F1 generation, segregating generations and the purification of crosses were performed during 1992-98. The pure lines were compared with Sari and Telar cultivars, in the preliminary comparison, biennial comparison, regional and national regional experiments during 1999-2000. The top lines were also compared with local control cultivars in on-farm trials. In total, the line P-11 / 6-70036 (Tapour variety) was superior to other cultivars with an average yield of 3749 kg per hectare. Other suitable traits of the new variety were: high height, suitable distance of the first pod from the ground, three-seed pods, medium five maturity group, semi determinate growth type, high weight of thousand seed, loading resistance, shattering resistance and tolerance to most important common diseases of soybean in the region, including charcoal rot.