فصلنامه پژوهشهای تولیدات دامی
پیاپی 42 (زمستان 1402)

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of probiotics (lacto-feed) and stevia leaf powder as phytogenic compound in the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbial population and some blood parameters in Japanese quail.

This experiment conducted as a completely randomized design with 320 Japanese quail chicks and mixture of both sexes (average weight 7-9 g), in four treatments, four replications and 20 chickens per replicate. Experimental treatments included: 1- Diet without additives (control), 2- Diet containing probiotic lactofeed (0.02% up to 21 days and 0.01% up to 42 days) 3- Diet containing 1% stevia leaf powder and 4- Diet containing 2% were stevia leaf powder. The effects of probiotic lacto-feed and stevia leaf powder as phytogenic compound in the diet on yield, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbial population and some blood parameters of Japanese quail.

The results showed that experimental treatments; there was a significant in weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the experimental treatments (p<0.05), which the treatments containing stevia leaf powder had the highest weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio, and the difference increased with increasing the percentage of stevia leaf powder (p<0.05). Carcass weight in treatments containing stevia and lacto-feed was significantly higher than the control treatment (p<0.05). Also, the addition of lacto-feed probiotics and stevia leaf powder caused a significant increase in thigh percentage tin compared to the control group (p<0.05). The control treatment had the highest (1.21%) and the lactofeed treatment had the lowest (0.38%) abdominal fat percentage (p<0.05). The highest of triglyceride and VLDL concentrations was observed in the treatment containing probiotic lacto-feed (p<0.05). Also, the treatments containing Stevia leaves powder had higher triglyceride concentration than the control treatment (p<0.05). Blood glucose was significantly higher in the treatment containing probiotic lactofid and in the treatments containing stevia leaf powder was lower tin compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). The effect of experimental treatments on the total population of Aerobic microbes and Coliform was not significant, while the population of Lactobacillus in treatments containing stevia leaf powder was significantly higher than the control treatment (p<0.05).

It can be concluded that the use of stevia leaf powder as a phytogenic compound in the diet improved performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail chicks.

In addition to high protein content, canola meal can play a significant role in the energy supply of poultry feeds due to its relatively high amount of carbohydrates and crude fat. The value of AMEn in the NRC table for a canola meal is 2000 kcal/kg. The metabolizable energy value of canola meal has not been published in Iranian tables of feed composition published by the animal science research center. The evaluation of the feed is completed by determining nutrients followed by measuring its metabolizable energy content. There are different methods to determine the amounts of metabolizable energy in poultry feeds, and each of them has advantages and disadvantages. The regression method is one of the methods of determining metabolizable energy, which provides the possibility of studying the metabolizable energy content of a test ingredient in practical diets at different levels. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the apparent metabolizable energy values corrected to zero point of nitrogen balance (AMEn) of canola meal with and without enzyme by regression method in adult leghorn roosters.

Canola meal samples were obtained from poultry feed plants in Tabriz city and their chemical composition was measured according to standard methods. The number of 48 adult leghorn roosters were used with 6 replications in a completely randomized design in factorial order (2 × 4) (two levels of enzyme Zero and 375 units × four levels of canola meal, Zero, 7, 14, 21 percent) using the regression method by replacing canola meal in corn-soybean meal-based diet.

The average values of dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 88.5, 6.8, 34.4, 6.7, 34.5, and 20.5% respectively and gross energy value of canola meal was 4324 kcal/kg.By increasing the level of canola meal in the experimental diets, the values of ADMM, AOMM, AMEn and gross energy efficiency decreased significantly (p<0.05). The amount of AMEn decreased by 7.4%, equivalent to 244 kcal/kg in the diet containing 21% canola meal compared to the control diet without canola meal. Enzyme addition improved AMEn of diets containing of canola meal as much as 64 Kca/Kg. The equations for estimating AMEn of canola meal with and without enzyme showed high determination coefficients of 0.83 and 0.79, respectively. The AMEn of canola meal with and without enzyme by regression method was estimated 1985 and 1838 kcal/kg, respectively.

The obtained values for AMEn of canola meal with and without enzyme by regression method were lower compared to the corresponding values reported in NRC (1994). Therefore, formulating poultry diets with AMEn values reported here may be effective in predicting the bird’s performance.

Reducing antagonism, interference and competition between minerals, increasing the availability of minerals, neutralizing anti-nutritional substances, increasing performance, improving health (immune system, nutritional activity), comfort and welfare of the animal. Improving the quality of livestock products (meat, milk, wool, etc.), reducing the destructive effect of minerals on vitamins in premixes and supplements, preserving the environment through reducing environmental pollution are some of the effects of using organic minerals. Chelates of organic materials (especially proteins) and metallic elements have a high rate of absorption in the intestine and provide the possibility of reducing the standard level of these elements in the diet and without affecting the production characteristics of livestock and poultry, they reduce environmental pollution caused by these elements. The aim of the current research was to investigate the subject trend of the field of chelate in order to identify hot and emerging issues and to examine the course of changes made in the intellectual structure of this field.

In this research, the intellectual structure of the field of chelate was studied using reference analysis. The current research community consists of all the research and review articles published by researchers during the years 1990-2022 in the journals indexed in the Web of Science database. The source of data collection was web of science database and the data analysis tool for drawing the intellectual structure of this field was Citespace software.

The analyzed data showed that words such as zinc, copper, pig, cattle, metabolism, and bioavailability are prominent words that reflect the hot spots of the chelation field in the investigated time period. Over the years of 2001-2008, the vocabulary such as growth performance, trace element, cobalt, dietary zinc, trace mineral, and 2010-2019, the words such as carcass trait, meat quality, nutrient digestibility, indicating as new and emerging topics. The main points and hot topics in the investigated periods in this research the terms such as zinc with 331 co-occurrences 331, performance 324 and copper 216, supplementation 180 were the main and hot points in the field of chelate. Among the keywords, three keywords of availability, ruminant and calve showed the longest duration of prosperity. These three issues have received the attention of the scientific community for 28, 19 and 16 years, respectively. Also, among the mentioned keywords, the keyword of "pig" with a citation rate of 13.28 has had the most citation rate in the period of 2000-2008 and has been the focus of the scientific community. In general, the hot and emerging spots of the chelate area can be shown in several stages. The first stage, the time period of 1990-2006, in which the emerging topics of this periods included nitrogen, barley, protein, sheep, and zinc; the second stage the time period of 2007-2016, the terms of plasma, and selenium and the third phase the time period of 2017-2022, which included health, muscle, beef, trace minerals and dietary supplementation.

Therefore, according to the hot and emerging issues identified in this study, such a researches can be used as a road map for the country's macro-scientific planning and policies. The results of this research can be used by policy makers involved in research, professors, researchers, and organizations interested organizations in the field of animal husbandry.

The lower limit of critical temperature for a newborn calves is between 5 (from 3 weeks and later) to 15°C (up to 3 weeks). As the temperature declines below the calf's lower critical temperature, a calf requires more dietary energy supply to maintain body temperature. Hence, the main goal of this trial was to investigate milk replacer feeding level on nutrient intake, weight gain and skeletal growth in newborn Holstein calves under cold stress.

The number of twenty-four neonatal Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive either restricted (4 L/d; RPN) or moderated (6 L/d; MPN) milk replacer plane of nutrition. Calves were weaned on d 61 and remained in the study until d 91. Milk replacer intake, starter feed intake, and ambient temperature were measured daily. Body weight was measured immediately before initiation of study and every 10 d thereafter. The average daily gain (g of BW gain/d) was computed as the difference between BW recorded at 10-d intervals divided by 10. Body frame size was measured immediately before initiation of study, at weaning, and at the end of the trial.

Nutrient intake originating from milk replacer were greater in MPN fed calves before weaning (P < 0.001); however, nutrient intake originating from starter feed and also total nutrient intake (except for crude fat and ME) were not affected by treatment groups before and after weaning. Average daily gain was greater in MPN fed calves (P = 0.04). Body weight gain before and after weaning and over the study period was greater in MPN (P = 0.01). Withers height (at the end of trial), body barrel (at weaning and at the end of trial), hip height (before weaning and overall period), and hip width (after weaning and overall period) gained more in MPN fed calves (P ≤ 0.05).

Changing the feeding level of milk replacer did not affect starter feed intake before and after weaning but calves fed with medium level of milk replacer hand more weight and skeletal growth. In general, feeding a moderated level of milk replacer is recommended in newborn Holstein calves under cold stress conditions.

The lamb rearing system in the pasture can provide a better growth rate when the diet is accompanied by concentrate supplements. Supplementary feeding can compensate the limitation of natural feed by replacing part of pasture fodder with concentrate especially in low rainfall seasons. However, availability and high costs of concentrate diets have caused their limited use by many small farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of different levels of concentrate supplement on weight gain, growth performance, blood parameters and grazing behavior of weaned Ghezel lambs under grazing conditions.

This experiment was conducted by using 32 male Ghezel lamb (average weight = 29±2.7) in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 8 replications. The experimental treatments were 1) a control treatment consisting of free access to pasture grazing, 2) free access to pasture grazing with 150 g of concentrate supplement per day per head, 3) free access to pasture grazing with 250 g of concentrate supplement per day per head and 4) free access to pasture grazing with 350 g of concentrate supplement per day per head. In order to determine the daily weight gain, the lambs were weighed at the beginning and end of the period in the morning before the start of grazing. The grazing behavior of lambs in the pasture were recorded by direct observation every 10 minutes during access to the pasture. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken at noon from jagular vein and the samples were evaluated to determine glucose, urea, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride. Feces samples were collected using special fabric bags that were tied to the animal's tail.

The results of the present study showed that concentrate supplement improved the daily weight gain, but no significant difference was observed between different levels of feeding with concentrate supplement. Among growth traits, body length and body height were significantly affected by experimental treatments. The amount of time lambs spent grazing in the pasture was not affected by feeding with different levels of concentrate supplementation. Supplemental feeding of concentrate increased the digestibility of organic matter. Changes in blood glucose of lambs during the experimental period were significant between the control group and the groups receiving the supplemental concentrate. Net profit per lamb also increased due to feeding with concentrate supplement.

The results of the present study showed that feeding Ghezel lambs with concentrate supplement in pasture conditions caused a significant increase in growth performance and it will be economical due to more net profit. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to feed at least 150 grams to 350 grams of concentrate supplement daily when rearing Ghezel lambs in pasture grazing conditions

The use of agricultural by-products instead of grain seeds in livestock diets has been an important issue for scientific study. One of these products is potato waste that, if properly processed by methods such as ensiling, can replace cereal seeds such as barley in the diet, due to the proper nutritional value of this product, improving animal growth performance, reducing feed costsand prevent food from being wasting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing different levels of potato waste silage with barley on growth performance, digestibility, and rumen and blood parameters of fattening lambs.

In this study, 30 Zell and Afshar mixed male lambs with a mean weight of 26±2 kg and mean age of 5.5±0.4 months were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications for 90 days. The experimental treatments included the control treatment (without potato waste silage) and the treatments containing 25, 50, 75 and 100 potato waste silage replacement of barley seeds (based on dry matter).

The results of performance traits showed that there was a significant difference in fattening weight, daily weight gain, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio between experimental treatments (p<0.05). The highest and lowest final weight, daily weight gain and dry matter intake were observed in the treatment containing 50% of potato waste silage and the control treatment, respectively. The results of the apparent digestibility of nutrients of experimental diets showed that there was a significant difference in the apparent digestibility of raw protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) between experimental treatments (p<0.05). The highest and lowest apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) was observed in the treatment containing 50% of potato waste silage and the control treatment, respectively. The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, triglyceride, Low density Lipoprotein (LDL) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between the experimental treatments (p<0.05). The results of rumen fermentation parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the population of lactic acid bacteria, coliforms, protozoa, rumen liquid ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid between experimental treatments (p<0.05). The highest population of lactic acid bacteria 100%, the lowest coli form population, the highest population of protozoa and the highest concentration of VFAs were observed in the treatment containing 100%, 70%, 100% and 50% of potato waste silage, respectively.

The overall results of the present study showed that growth performance, the appearance of crude protein digestion, the total concentration of rumen fluid fatty acids and the population of bacteria and protozoa improved by consuming 50 % of potato waste silage

Today, the intensity and speed of production in the laying hens causes multiple anomalies such as bone and skeletal problems which leads to heavy economic losses. Conducting studies on stem cells obtained from laying hens can improve our knowledge and understanding of the differentiation and molecular mechanisms at cellular level in these birds. For this reason, the aim of this study was to extract mesenchymal stem cells from the fat tissue of laying hens and culture these cells in laboratory conditions.

In this research, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated in a laboratory environment under sterile conditions from fat tissue of laying hens (Hy-Line strain-w36). Then in an standard culture conditions the mentioned cells were separated from other cells by treatment of collagenase enzyme. The obtained cells after several steps of centrifugation and purification were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. During 21 days, cell growth process (PDT) and cell colony formation test were performed to evaluate the performance of isolated cells and the ability of cell growth and proliferation.

About 3 to 4 days after culturing the cells, the adherent cells filled 70-80% of the flask. Cells were passaged up to 14 times with normal morphology. To check the speed of cell growth, this test was repeated in passages 2, 4, and 8 in order to investigate the decrease in the ability of cells to grow with increasing age. The average cell growth rate (PDT) for passages 2, 4, and 8 was 37.03, 60.92, and 101.42%, respectively, which indicates the relationship between stem cells' ability to reproduce and self-renew with their age. After 9 days of cell culture, the number of colonies formed from passage 2 and 5 with concentrations of 175, 350, and 520 cells per 2 cm in 6-well plates were counted as 22, 62 and 84, respectively.

The results of this research showed that mesenchymal stem cells extracted from the fat tissue of laying hens have the ability to maintain their basic characteristics during multiple cell divisions and can maintain their morphological structure and specific characteristics such as growth elated function

Supplementation of elements such as selenium into a diet is one of the ways to improve fertility. The effects of selenium supplementation vary and are strongly influenced by the source and amount of dietary selenium. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources of oral selenium supplementation on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and lipid peroxidation of semen in aged broiler breeder roosters.

This research was carried out using 120 broilers aged 45 weeks in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 4 replicates and 3 birds in each replicate. The experimental treatments included: the control diet based on standard nutrition requirements of roosters, and adding the following sources of selenium to the basic diet at levels of 0.0, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mg/kg, including sodium selenite, organic selenium, and selenium nano-bio-chelate. After two weeks of feeding with the basal diet, the roosters received the experimental treatments for 40 days from the beginning of the age of 47 weeks. Semen was collected by abdominal massage from roosters every 10 days once and then the total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity, semen lipid peroxidation, and plasma testosterone concentration were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. Data analysis was done using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 software (2012).

It was observed that higher levels of selenium (0.30 and 0.45 mg/kg) improved TAC, GPx activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation compared to the control group.  Also, the level of 0.30 mg/kg selenium from Celemax and BondaSel sources led to the highest level of glutathione peroxidase activity compared to other treatments (P≤0.05). The highest amount of lipid peroxidation was observed in the control and 0.15 mg/kg of sodium selenite groups. The highest level of total antioxidant capacity and the highest glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity was observed on day 20 of the experiment in the group receiving 0.30 mg/kg Celemax and on day 10 of the experiment in the 0.30 mg/kg sodium selenite groups respectively. The lowest amount of lipid peroxidation on day 20 of the experiment was related to the 0.30 mg/kg BendaSel group. Testosterone concentration in the 0.30 mg/kg Celemax group was significantly higher than the control and 0.15 mg/kg Celemax groups, but no differences were observed among other treatments.

The results showed diet supplementation of 0.30 mg/kg of selenium from organic sources (Celemax and BondaSel) to the diet improves the reproductive performance of aged roosters.

Sheep and goat breeding has a significant role in providing the meat needed and food security of the society, income, and employment of the villagers and nomads of the country. Due to the increase in the price of animal feed and other production inputs, the cost of production in sheep and goat farms has increased. For this reason, it is very important to increase the production efficiency in the livestock unit to make livestock breeding more economical. This goal can be reached through methods such as eugenics, improving feeding, rearing, and reproduction methods, improving feed preparation methods, and progressing in health and veterinary conditions. The results of this research, considering the comprehensiveness of research incomes and costs and the use of different methods such as cost-benefit ratio analysis and internal rate of return to estimate the economic effects of research activities, provide documentary evidence to be presented to policymakers at the provincial and national level.

The most common methods of economic evaluation of public projects are the methods of benefit-cost ratio and internal rate of return. The cost-benefit analysis criteria and the internal rate of return are clear criteria for the economic evaluation of research results. The data used for economic evaluation in this project is the type of recorded (library) data related to research costs and transfer of research results to users, including All the direct costs of the implementation of the relevant research projects (the implementation cost included in the project certificate and indirect costs including personnel and service costs), the cost of transferring the results of the research and the overhead costs (5%) of the implementation of the projects in the provincial research center. The survey also includes the impact of the application of research results in increasing production, reducing costs, and reducing damage in livestock units, which was received directly from the livestock farmers of the study area (Ardebil province).

The evaluation of the projects carried out in the sheep and goat herds indicated the improvement of production performance of Mughani sheep, increase in income, and reduction of herd maintenance costs. The benefit-cost ratio of investing in research and promoting the results of these projects is 366.5, and their annual internal rate of return is estimated at 234. This index was 171.4 and 171.4 for the first project (fertility synchroization) and for the second project (using starter) it was equal to 519.5 and 203, respectively.  

The results obtained from this study indicate the economic application of the research results in the target society. The transmission of research results and the use of these results by the beneficiaries requires attention to other economic-social factors affecting the activity of livestock farmers. Examining the alignment between the conducted research projects and the existing problems in the livestock units of the province showed that there is relatively little alignment between the announced problems and the implemented research projects

Profitability of sheep in terms of meat production largely depends on growth traits and carcass characteristics. Despite the importance of the quality of sheep meat, few researches have been conducted in this field in the native sheep of the country. Therefore, the importance of examining the characteristics of animal carcasses, especially when they are still alive, is evident. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic and phenotypic relationship between biometric traits, body weights and carcass traits measured by ultrasound in Kurdi sheep of North Khorasan. Since the measurement of carcass traits is difficult and expensive, and in order to better design breeding programs to improve carcass traits, if there is a strong genetic relationship, it is possible to replace traits that are easier to measure with carcass traits that are difficult to measure.

The data of 658 Kurdi sheep in the Shirvan Kurdish sheep breeding and breeding station located in North Khorasan province in the northern area of eastern Iran between 57 degrees east longitude and 37.4 degrees north latitude in the spring, summer and autumn seasons of 2021 were used. The information related to pedigree and birth weights (658 records), three months (652 records), six months (638 records) and nine months (419 records) were extracted from the records recorded in the said station. General linear models (GLM) procedure of SAS software was used to investigate fixed effects on traits. To estimate the parameters and the genetic relationship between the mentioned traits, the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method was used based on single and two traits animal models in WOMBAT software. Multivariate regression was used to obtain the prediction equation of carcass traits based on other studied traits.

Heritability of subcutaneous fat thickness, area, width and depth of ultrasound longissimus muscle were estimated as 0.1±0.06, 0.06±0.06, 0.10±0.03 and 0.08±0.03 respectively. A high positive genetic correlation was observed between subcutaneous fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (0.71±0.31). Ultrasound carcass traits had a high positive genetic correlation with tail traits. A high positive genetic genetic correlation was found between ultrasound carcass traits and height of the withers, height at rump, heart girth, belly circumference, body diagonal length, thigh circumference and rump depth. The model related to longissimus muscle area with the highest coefficient of determination (0.82) is more reliable than other models for prediction.

The low heritability of traits measured by ultrasound technology in Kurdi sheep of Shirvan Kurdi sheep breeding station showed that improving these traits through individual selection is not very effective and other selection methods (family selection or marker-assisted selection) should be used for improvement of these traits. Generally, due to relatively high coefficient of determination, regression models can be used to predict carcass traits in the flock of Shirvan Kurdi sheep station.

One of the important issues in genomic selection is estimating the effect of markers. In recent years, various methods have been proposed to estimate the effect of markers, each of which estimates genomic breeding values with different accuracy. One of the methods used in genomic evaluation is the ridge regression (rrBLUP), which has been used in different studies to predict genomic breeding values. Recently, by applying changes in the parameters of the rrBLUP method, a variety of this method so called Ridge Regression method 6 (RR-m6) has been proposed to solve regression problems. However, so far, this method has not been used in the genomic evaluation of threshold traits with additive and dominant genetic architecture, and its performance in this field is not known. Therefore, in this research, the prediction performance of this method was compared with other common methods of genomic evaluation.

A genome consisting of 10 chromosomes, each containing 1000 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was simulated at heritability level of 0.5. All quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were given additive genetic effects, and their effects were modeled by gamma distribution. Two scenarios of the number of QTL were considered as 1 and 10% of the total number of SNPs (100 and 1000 QTL, respectively). Also, in different scenarios, 0.0, 50 and 100% of QTLs were given dominance effect. Genomic breeding values were estimated using RR-m6, rrBLUP, GBLUP, BayesA, regression tree (RT), Random Forest (RF) and boosting, and the indicators of LR method, including prediction accuracy, bias and dispersion or inflation of genomic breeding values (inflation) were used to analyze the breeding values estimated by different methods. In addition, the computing time and the amount of memory needed to execute the codes of each method on the CPU were calculated.

The results showed that the use of a purely additive model when the genetic dominance effects contributed to the phenotypic variation of the trait lead to decrease in accuracy and increase in the bias and dispersion of the genomic breeding values, amount of which depend on the number of QTLs that have dominance effect. Compared to other methods, the RR-m6 showed a very good performance, so that in all the studied scenarios, estimated genomic breeding values by RR-m6 had the highest accuracy and the lowest bias and dispersion, although in most cases the differences were not significant with BayesA. In terms of computational speed, the RR-m6 method was the fastest, and compared to other methods, it required less memory to perform the analysis.

The results showed that since the RR-m6 method predicted genomic breeding values with a high accuracy, and in the mean time it was very efficient in terms of the computing time and the required memory, it can be used for genomic evaluation of threshold traits.

Genetic diversity determines the capacity of a population to respond to selection and genetic improvement. In order to evaluate the breeding programs carried out on a population and decide to continue it, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic diversity of that population. The purpose of this project was to investigate the genetic diversity and estimate the population parameters of sanjabi sheep based on the analysis of their pedigree information.

The information used in this study included animal number, father number, mother number, sex and date of birth of 2067 purebred sheep that were collected in Mehrgan station during 2009 to 2022. Pedigree analysis was performed on the entire population or a reference population in order to estimate population parameters such as inbreeding coefficients, increase rate of inbreeding, effective population size, generation interval, effective number of founders and effective number of ancestors.

The generation interval and the average relationship were estimated as 2.87 years and 0.43%, respectively. The average inbreeding in the entire population was calculated as 0.48%, which indicated the low level of inbreeding in this population. The trend of inbreeding changes during the studied years was unfavorable. The effective size of the population was estimated to be 260.86 using the increase of individual inbreeding and the method of the maximum number of generations. The effective size of the founder was estimated to be 272.60, which indicated the balanced participation of the base population in reproduction. The effective number of founder individuals (fe) and the effective number of ancestors (fa) were equal to 109 and 100 heads, respectively. The fe/fa ratio was calculated as 1.09, which indicated the low effect of genetic bottlenecks. 50% of the total genetic diversity was created by 38 heads of ancestors, which indicated the balanced participation of ancestors in creating the genetic diversity of the next generation.

The results showed that despite the small and closed population, there is relatively high genetic diversity among the individuals. Since the loss of genetic diversity and increase in homozygosity will lead to a decrease in production performance, it is necessary to prevent the reduction of genetic diversity and its adverse effects in the future by examining genetic diversity and and making decisions to preserve it