پژوهش نامه اسلامی زنان و خانواده
سال یازدهم شماره 32 (پاییز 1402)

The current study was conducted with the purpose of developing a model of academic responsibility and self-efficacy based on family communication patterns with the mediating effect of perceived parenting styles among students using a non-experimental method of correlation and path analysis. The statistical population included all secondary school male students of the 14th , 13th and 15th districts of Tehran in the academic year of 1400, and 410 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and entered the research. Research data were collected by using the questionnaires of California psychological responsibility, Morgan and Jinks' academic self-efficacy, McClun and Merrell's perceived parenting styles, and Ritchie and Fitzpatrick's revised questionnaire of communication patterns. The findings showed that responsibility had a significant relationship with authoritarian parenting style, but it did not have a significant relationship with permissive and authoritarian styles. Furthermore, communication patterns of dialogue and conformity had a positive relationship indirectly with responsibility. Academic self-efficacy had a positive relationship indirectly with the conversational communication and conformity patterns and directly with the authoritarian parenting style. In the end, the direct relationship between permissive parenting style and authoritarian parenting style with academic self-efficacy was not significant. Therefore, communication patterns with the mediating role of parenting styles justify 38% of responsibility and 25% of academic self-efficacy.

The current study was conducted with the purpose of predicting marital satisfaction based on family flexibility with the mediating role of family boundaries by using a correlational survey method. To this end, 366 couples from the 19th district of Tehran were selected by sampling. The research data were collected by means of the marital satisfaction questionnaire with an Islamic approach, the family cohesion and flexibility assessment scale, and the family boundaries questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by applying structural equation modeling. SPSS software and AMOS software were used to classify, process and analyze data. The evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indices showed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.95, NFI=0.92, RMSEA=0.07). The results showed that regarding the relationship of family flexibility with the mediation of family boundaries, marital satisfaction is significant at the P<0.05 level and family boundaries play a mediating role in the relationship between family flexibility and couples' marital satisfaction. Therefore, to improve marital satisfaction, intervention in family flexibility and family boundaries in couples are particularly significant.

Having children and its role in strengthening the family is one of the important issues in Islamic societies. Islamic jurists and thinkers have given different opinions about the multiplication of generations. Additionally, each of them tries to prove their opinion by using jurisprudential evidence and implement its effects in the family system. The current research was done according to analytical-documentary method and aimed at the role of having children and multiplying the generation on family consolidation, relying on the opinions of jurists about the population and criticizing the opinions of this field. The results showed that among the opinions of Islamic thinkers regarding the population, the theory of reproduction and child bearing is desirable in normal circumstances and sufficiently obligatory in times of need. Other jurisprudential views about the population have been interpreted without paying attention to jurisprudential-Quranic-narrative evidence and the effects of the multiplication of generations on the consolidation of the family system.

With the evolution of the governing approach to the rights of disabled people, from welfare rights and granting case-by-case privileges to the rights-oriented of disabled people, a model of custody of disabled children has been formulated that is aligned with jurisprudential concepts. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the purpose of comparative investigation of the custody of disabled children in Islam and international law in an analytical-documentary way. The results of the investigations showed that custody has gone out of the scope of interpersonal relations (owner, guardian and parent) and has changed to an area that can be originally and primarily monitored and it refuses the one that exceptionally requires supervision. In addition, the principle of expediency refers to the precondition of the actions of the judge and not only the absence of corruption and the necessity of the expediency being evident and monitoring the expediency in all stages (including the purpose of the actions of the judge and the result of the actions) is one of its characteristics. This approach of Islamic jurisprudence is somewhat incompatible with the approach of the Convention on the Rights of Disabled Persons since according to the convention, the best interpretation of the will and preferences of the disabled person should be replaced by the determination of his best interests by the guardian. Therefore, the principle of independence and participation of a disabled child is in conflict with the recognition of expediency for him; especially, the problems related to the legal value of the child's speech will affect the nature and quality of his participation. Furthermore, other questions such as the accuracy or inaccuracy of attributing the legal act formed after participation to the disabled child and as a result the refusal or the possibility of dissolving the legal act (during childhood or after puberty) in human rights, require jurisprudential re-examination.

In today's society, it is customary to put the wife's dowry as a coin, and sometimes the wife gives a coin to the husband after the marriage contract, and in some cases, she intends to return it after the gift. The current research has been done in an analytical-documentary manner with the purpose of answering the question of what is the legal status of the said act and whether it is permissible to refer to it or not. With the conducted investigations, no study or research was found that investigated the present issue. To this end, all scientific written sources on this topic were examined and it was determined that the problem of the present research is the debate between jurists and jurists. One group believes in its invalidity and considers the performed legal act as abhorrent and burdens its effects. The other group accepts its realization in the form of gift marriage, which has different effects on both opinions. The results of the review, analysis and evaluation of the views and opinions are that the donation of coins is correct and the arguments of those who argue against it have fundamental problems. Regarding the possibility of referring to it, by explaining the dispute in the judicial procedure and by analyzing the bases, the conclusion was reached that due to the loss of the gifted property, it is not possible to refer to the donation.

Among the cases for which the wife may request the annulment of the marriage is the husband committing adultery. The current study was conducted with the purpose of examining the opinions of famous Imami jurists on this issue and criticizing the concept of the permissibility of annulment of marriage due to adultery. Therefore, written jurisprudential-legal works on this issue were studied and data were analyzed based on the analytical-documentary way. The results showed that the famous scholars, according to specific traditions, traditions that indicate the limitation of cucumbers and the principle of necessity, believe that adultery by a man does not lead to the emergence of the right of termination for a woman, while some jurists, citing special traditions, the rule of no harm and the violation of the attribute condition, this right is reserved for women. The analysis of the data showed that although the narrations cited in the second category do not have a document problem, due to the weakness of the intermediary, the symptoms of the jurists, and also the conflict with stronger evidence, it does not have sufficient strength. According to the available evidences, the hadiths on the necessity of separation should be carried over the necessity of divorce; otherwise, it is not possible to combine the conflicting hadiths, and one should consider them to be invalid and refer to the general arguments of the necessity of marriage. As a result, carrying the traditions of deduction on Taqiyyah and assuming the reputation of adultery, as well as invoking the rule of harm and violation of the attribute condition, faces many problems and cannot be used to prove the right of rescission.