فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 54، زمستان 1401)

Theoretically, the Internal Audit function (IAF) is expected to help increase the company’s value by reducing risk. Therefore, we have tested this theory experimentally. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of internal audit performance on reducing perceived risk from the perspective of Chief Audit Executives (CAEs) and Chief Financial Executives (CFOs). We used a questionnaire to collect data and a multiple linear regression model was used to test the hypotheses. The statistical population of the research is all 620 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) & Iran Farabourse in 2021. The number of collected questionnaires was 198. Results showed that from the point of view of CAEs & CFOs of those companies, internal audit performance has a significant effect on reducing perceived risk. Also, risk reduction is greater when internal audit reports to the audit committee than when it reports to executives. However, from the point of view of CAEs & CFOs of those companies, applying quality assurance and improvement program standards (QAIP, Standard 1300) and using internal audit function as Management Training Ground (MTG), does not lead to more reduction of perceived risk.

This research with a pathological investigation and by paying attention to the views of users, seeks to identify the gap of expectations in financial reporting to know the areas of failure in providing useful information for users to make decisions. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and the method of semi-structured interviews and examining qualitative data through the Data Analysis Spiral. That's why, a total of 21 specialized interviews were conducted with the main users of information. The results showed that the content of financial reporting did not provide all the information necessary for economic decisions and it is not enough to evaluate the management stewardship duties. Financial information due to features such as incompleteness, being retrospective and outdated, complexity, change of format and content, inaccurate judgments and estimates, and opaque relations of its components has little usefulness. The suggested solution to reduce the expectations gap and improve usefulness is the compilation of principles as a general guide for the disclosure of information in financial statements which can be in the form of a revision in accounting standard number one in its structure and content section or explanatory notes or be considered as a non-binding practice guide.

Investigating one of the most important determinants of corporate social responsibility reporting, this study examines the relationship between industry competition, as a dimension of external corporate governance, with the dimensions of disclosure and the quality of corporate social responsibility reporting. To measure the disclosure and quality aspects, we use a binary variable and the natural logarithm of the number of words in the relevant reports, respectively. Our results show that industry competition, which is calculated based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, is determining factor of the quality of corporate social responsibility reporting and has no significant relationship with the disclosure or non-disclosure of such activities. In this study, the predictions are tested using 100 listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange spanning the period of 2017 to 2022. In addition, the logistic and FGLS estimators are employed to estimate the models related to the disclosure and quality aspects, respectively.

This research study has been conducted to investigate the effect of aggressive tax policies on excess liquidity considering the role of economic and environmental instability in firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve the research objectives, research hypotheses were tested based on a statistical sample of 167 firms for 10 years from 2012 to 2021 using correlation analysis through the panel data estimation method with Eviews. Research findings show that aggressive tax policies lead to an increase in excess liquidity. Also, economic and environmental instabilities have an intensifying effect on the positive relationship between aggressive tax policies and excess liquidity. In times of instability, firms face problems related to tax decisions. In general, facing more instability leads to the adoption of riskier tax policies, so managers try to keep enough cash to face unforeseen conditions by applying appropriate strategies. Considering the role of tax policies, the results of this study can provide a better understanding of the firm tax performance of firms and the important consequences of aggressive tax policies for managers, investors, and policymakers.

According to agency theory, CEO-Board social ties can lead to the reduction of board supervision, according to which, the CEO may prioritize his interests when making strategic investment decisions. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the effect of the CEO-Board social ties on capital structure reversibility with the moderating role of the cost of debt. The research hypothesis was tested based on a statistical sample consisting of 112 companies from 2011 to 2020 using multivariate regression based on combined data. The findings of the research show that according to the agency theory, the CEO-Board social ties have a negative and significant effect on capital structure reversibility. Also, according to the findings of the research, by the agency theory, the cost of debt intensifies the effect of the CEO-Board social ties on capital structure reversibility. The results indicate that when the CEO-Board social ties increase, the return period of the capital structure decreases. Also, in companies with high cost of debt, with the increase in the CEO-Board social ties, the return period of the capital structure is further reduced.

The composition of the board of directors as a control tool in the company determines the power of the board of directors; hence, together with the director of the board of directors, it is an important factor in explaining the contribution to performing the tasks and contributes to the performance of the company. In various situations, there are enticing economic incentives, such as receiving points, for managers to engage in earnings management. Because the company's value and the wealth of its managers and owners are inseparably linked to the reported profits. Has this been addressed? Is there an ongoing investigation between the Board of Directors of Real Profit Management and Profit Management? For this purpose, we examined the financial information of 131 companies from the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. It showed that profit management has a negative and significant effect, and real profit management and the size of the board of directors have positive and significant results with profit continuity.