نشریه تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1402)

Ali Akbar Dehkhoda presented two different views - radical and moderate- in relation to the issue of land ownership in different issues of Sur-e Israfil newspaper. The main issue of the present study is to explain the dual reading of Dehkhoda from the category of land ownership. Dehkhoda in his early writings took a radical and socialist look Provides coverage of human and Islamic rights in relation to land ownership and speaks of the unconditional transfer of land to the subjects and considers its coercive realization through the reform project or, if necessary, through the possibility of a peasant revolution. However, in the following posts, take a modified look and, by accepting the property rights of the owners, He offered to transfer the property to the subjects in exchange for paying their price through the bank. The present study, based on Skinner's intentional hermeneutics, reveals the findings and points in response to the above problem. Characteristics of the dominant linguistic-discourse and intellectual-social space, including: Intensification of political tensions and alignment of proponents and opponents of the constitution, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Discourse disputes between legitimacy and constitutionalism, Attack on the office of the newspaper Sur-e Israfil and a delay of more than a month in its publication, Along with the approval of the Impressions Law and the establishment of a peace committee(In the presence of Jahangir Khan, the director of Sur-e Israfil) and request to stay away from extremism, Caused Dehkhoda to respond in this way.

In one look at the general historical works of early Islamic centuries, meaning works that has been written in the second half of the third century to the first half of fifth century, the point that is looked, it is the point of  beginning and onset in this histories. Thus general histories that contained in the first temporal scope such as Tarikh-i Dinawari, Tarikh-I Yaqubi and Tarikh-I Tabari begin their histories with anecdote of story of creation of Adam as the first man interpretation of Quran, and related works for second temporal time, the histories such as Tajarib al-umam, Tarikh-I Thaalabi and Tarikh-I Gardizi begin anecdote of history with story of the first Iranian legend kings and monarchs according to anecdots of Iranian khodaynameh. In this manner for the find of causes of this matter, meaning why historians difference of style and preference in the beginning point of their histories, in the course of doing of one comparative study in the middle of this works and with investigation qualities and historic works of this histotians in two separate debates by method of analitic, we get at a conclusion that the historian of the early time because of that they had religious view and taken of Islam religion principles and with the end of operation of history in help of religion and tradition, begin their histories to use Islamic and religious anecdots. But latter time historians that they had secular and pragmatic view to the history and with the end of his operation for politic thinks and practices, begin their histories with stories Iranian primary kings and monarchs.

Migration is one of the phenomena that has been familiar among Iranian society since the era of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. The separation of the southern regions of the Caucasus from Iran as a result of the Iran-Russia wars caused these regions to find a different fate from the other regions of Iran and to be a destination for Iranian immigrants. The best of these immigrants were workers who went to these areas seasonally or permanently due to the existing conditions in Iran and better working conditions in these areas. The decline of the Qajar rule and the communist revolution in Russia led to a decrease in the level of these migrations, and migration turned into returning to Iran. In this research, we seek to examine the policy of the Pahlavi government regarding the return of Iranian nationals who immigrated from the Soviet Union to Iran. It seems that the pressures on Iranian nationals from the Soviet government, as well as the improvement of employment and livelihood situations in Iran, caused these immigrants to return to Iran again. Despite the problems caused by the return of these immigrants, the Pahlavi government provided the necessary platform for this. In this research, an explanatory-descriptive method is used in this research to find a suitable answer to this question as much as possible using documents and library resources

Tarikh Rashidi, written by Mirzahider Doghlat, is a significant historical account of the Mughal period in East Asia during the Babri era. The narrative style employed in this work gives history the form of a story. Mirzahider's skillful depiction of historical scenes and moments, combined with his use of narrative techniques, poetry, and anecdotes, demonstrates that this work is not only historical but also closely related to literature. Through the use of narrative techniques, Mirzahider elevates his history from a simple linear report to a philosophical, dynamic, and vivid account. Although the study of narratology theories dates back to the 22nd century, this research, conducted through a descriptive-explanatory approach and utilizing library sources, aims to showcase Mirzahider's proficiency in employing narrative elements. The findings of this research reveal that in this book, the linear progression of time and sequential plot are occasionally disrupted for various reasons, resulting in gaps in the logical sequence of events. The author places great emphasis on the element of time and employs various forms of timelessness and anachronism to captivate the audience and inject dynamism into the historical narrative. Furthermore, the book features instances of internal retrospection, where characters delve into their personal histories and memories

One of the types of religiosity is the religiosity that is influenced by sometimes undocumented and populist beliefs and is called folk. Folk religiosity, like other types of religiosity, had social and cultural manifestations, one of which was resorting to istikhara and making micro and macro decisions as a result of it. In the Qajar era, Iran entered the modern world willingly or unwillingly and was influenced by the relations and special issues current in it. The ruling body, the government of men and even ordinary people who saw themselves in new conditions and times, for the peace of themselves or their dependents or to reduce the coefficient or the possibility of error in decision-making, they inevitably sought refuge in Istikhara, which they thought meant the reflection of the will of God, and that used as the basis for their decisions. Using the historical context approach and using documents and sources related to the field of religiosity, politics and the dominant public atmosphere, the present research examines the prevalence and functions of Istikhara, especially in the context of politics in the Qajar era, during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah until Muhammad Ali Shah has investigated. The research shows that the causes and reasons such as the individual and authoritarian nature of the government, lack of public trust, the low level of awareness of various classes, spiritual and individual needs, fear of facing the results of wrong decisions, justifying oneself and others, achieving peace and avoiding Hesitation and of course escaping the responsibility of big decisions and attributing it to God has caused the prevalence of Istikhara in the discussed time period

The multiplicity, diversity and universality of the endowment in all parts of Iran, along with the significant revenues, costs, functions and the effects, turned the endowment institution into one of the most important and influential institutions in Iran. During the reza shah era, this important institution had some problems in different regions of Iran, which forced the government to solve them. In responsing to this challenges, Reza Shah tried to revise the endowment laws, which finally led to the approval of the endowment law of 1313. One of the important goals of this research was the case study and analysis of the endowment challenges in one of Iran's regions. So that we can get a general picture of the issues and problems of the endowment by Inductive method in Iran during the first Pahlavi era. Therefore, this research tried to answer this question by historical research, descriptive-analytical model: What challenges has the Iranian endowment of the reza shah era been faced in the central areas of Mazandaran before the approval of the endowment law of 1313? The results of this research indicate that the most important challenges was: the destruction of endowment buildings, non-compliance of endowment trustees with the Ministry of Education and Endowment, treachery and inefficiency of trustees in managing endowments, including the greed of endowment properties, abuse of endowments and sale or appropriation of endowment properties, , the number of endowments without use and unprofitable.

In 1920, when the Red Army conquered the Republic of Azerbaijan, many political and military elements fled to Iran. The appropriate treatment of Iranians with immigrants, the Iranian government's resistance to the extradite of refugees, the employment of many immigrants in Iranian civil and military sections, as well as Turkey's chaotic conditions at that time, indicate the importance of Iran in the process of migration of Caucasian Azerbaijanis after the Bolshevik invasion. However, for various reasons, the aforementioned issue has not been paid much attention in the researches conducted so far, and the presence and activities of Azerbaijani immigrants in Turkey and Europe have been mostly discussed.During the decades of 1920-1940, the community of Azerbaijani émigrés in Iran was plagued by internal rivalries, anticommunist activities by foreign states, and Soviet intelligence penetration. In Iran, the Azerbaijani community's political life was heavily influenced by Reza Shah's government's security approach, the priority Iran placed on de-escalating tensions with Soviet Union and Turkey, the memories of ups and downs between Tehran and Baku between 1918 and 1920, as well as the Turkist discourse that dominates Azerbaijani political circles, especially among the Musavat party. In the aftermath of the Second World War, developments complicated the issue of Azerbaijani émigrés and the obstacles to their cooperation with Iranian authorities.