نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 65، بهمن و اسفند 1402)

Nurses are exposed to depression, anxiety and stress due to direct contact with Covid-19 patients, which leads to a decrease in life satisfaction among nurses. The purpose of this study is to compare life satisfaction, depression, anxiety, stress and demographic characteristics of nurses in intensive and non-intensive care units during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The present study is descriptive-comparative. The research population includes all the nurses working in the hospitals of Zanjan province, Iran between the fourth and sixth wave of Covid-19 in 2021-2022. In this study, census sampling was used and 1355 nurses participated in this study. Demographic questionnaire, "Satisfaction with Life Scale" and "Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21" were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments in this study were limited to previous researches and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS. 24.

The average life satisfaction of nurses in intensive and non-intensive care units is 21.35±7.48 and 20.44±7.66 respectively, the average depression in special and non-special wards is 11.85±4.55 and 11.54±4.48 respectively, anxiety was 11.30±4.10 and 11.00± 4.11 respectively, and stress was 13.69±4.72 and 13.05± 4.63 respectively. There was a significant correlation between life satisfaction and stress in intensive and non-intensive care units (P<0.05). But there was no significant correlation between depression and anxiety in intensive and non-intensive care units (P>0.05).

Nurses working in different wards of the hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic have different degrees of depression, anxiety and tension. It is suggested that in order to increase life satisfaction and improve the mental health of nurses working in hospitals, planning and necessary support measures should be done by nurse managers.

Eating disorder is one of the worrisome factors of public health and several factors play a role in it, among which the main role of tendency to guilt and shame can be mentioned. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of “Compassion-Focused Therapy” on tendency to guilt and shame in woman with eating disorders.

The current research was of semi-experimental type with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population of this research included all women aged 18 to 40 years who visited an obesity treatment clinic in Tehran in 1401. 30 people were selected using the purposive sampling method and the convenience method. Then, using a simple random method of lottery, "Compassion-Focused Therapy" (15 people) and the control group (15 people) were assigned to the group. Data collection instruments, including demographic information, "Eating Attitude Test-26", "Self-Compassion Scale- Short Form" and “Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale”. The validity of the instruments was not measured and it was limited to the previous researches. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the instruments. “Compassion-Focused Therapy” was implemented during 8 sessions of 90 minutes (during 2 months) for the intervention group, but no training was provided to the control group. The data was analyzed in SPSS.21.

The implemented intervention caused changes in the tendency to guilt and shame scores of people with eating disorders in the later stages and follow-up in the intervention group, and the effect of this intervention was stable in the follow-up stage (2 months later) and the average still decreased. In other words, by adjusting the effect of these independent variables, the group effect shows that the average score after and follow-up has a significant difference (P=0.034) and the group effect is also significant (P<0.001).

“Compassion-Focused Therapy” reduces the tendency to guilt and shame of woman with eating disorders. It is suggested that clinical psychologists and therapists in their interventions, especially in the field of tendency to guilt and shame with eating disorders use the above therapy.

The psychological well-being of nurses is one of the main factors of mental health, and identifying the factors affecting it is of great importance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the structural relationships between perceived social support and general self-efficacy with psychological well-being and mediation of resilience in nurses.

This research is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study are the nurses of educational and treatment centers affiliated to Gilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht city, in 2023. 280 nurses participated in the convenience method. Data with demographic questionnaire, "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support", "General Self Efficacy Scale", "Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scales" and "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale". The validity of the instruments was calculated by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.

The proposed model has good fit based on fit indices (df/ x2= 2.596, CFI=0.982, NFI=0.971 and RMSEA=0.078). In addition, perceived social support (β=0.307), general self-efficacy (β=0.218) and resilience (β=0.350) have a positive and significant direct correlation with psychological well-being, as well as perceived social support (β=0.340) and self-efficacy (β=0.553) have a positive and significant direct correlation with resilience (P<0.05).Also, perceived social support (β=0.350) and general self-efficacy (β=0.411) have a positive and significant correlation with psychological well-being through the mediation of resilience (P<0.05).

Perceived social support and general self-efficacy increase and improve psychological well-being directly and indirectly through resilience. In order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses, it is suggested to hold educational workshops under the title of general self-efficacy, perceived social support and resilience.

Relationships between spouses are one of the most fundamental determinants of healthy and dynamic family functioning. Poor sexual compatibility and satisfaction can be the basis for marital infidelity. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a prediction model of marital infidelity based on adjustment and sexual satisfaction with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in couples.

The present research was carried out by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all couples with at least one experience of infidelity in virtual form, SMS or phone call and sexual intercourse in Khoy city in the first six months of 2022. Sampling was calculated according to the rule of 20 items per 24 variables, and 480 people were selected using convenience sampling method. In order to collect data from demographic questionnaire, "Infidelity Questionnaire", "Adjustment Inventory", "Index of Sexual Satisfaction" and "Cognitive Flexibility Inventory" was used. The validity of the instruments used in the current research was not measured and it was limited to the previous researches. But the reliability of the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in SPSS. 27 and Amos. 24.

The research model fits the collected data (RMSEA=0.054). There was a negative and significant correlation between adjustment (+0.30) and sexual satisfaction (-0.40) with marital infidelity (P<0.001). A positive and significant correlation was observed between adjustment (+0.29) and sexual satisfaction (+0.44) with cognitive flexibility (P<0.001). Due to the non-significance of indirect coefficients, the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between adjustment and sexual satisfaction with marital infidelity was not confirmed.

Adjustment and sexual satisfaction are correlated with the reduction of marital infidelity. Therefore, it is suggested to hold educational workshops in order to flourish marital relations and create emotional and sexual intimacy, adjustment and cognitive flexibility development.

Many mental patients do not seek treatment for their illness due to the stigma of mental disorders and being judged by the treatment staff. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the stigma of psychiatric disorder to mental patients before and after the psychiatric internship in medical students of Alborz University of Medical Sciences.

The present study method is descriptive-comparative. This study was conducted between August and December 1402 in Imam Hossein Mohammad Hospital in Karaj. Sampling by census method and 118 medical interns were included in the study. On the first and last day of the psychiatry department, the interns answered the demographic questionnaire and the "Open-Mindedness Scale of Health Care Providers". The reliability and validity of the instrument have been limited to other studies. The data was analyzed in SPSS .26.

The average stigma score after the internship decreased compared to before, and this decrease was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the stigma score of male students is lower than that of female students, but it was not statistically significant. Statistically significant correlation was not found between the stigma score with the number of rounds, class, history, hospitalization, hours of study and participation in the clinic, but there was a direct significant correlation between the stigma score and the number of shifts (P<0.05).

The average score of stigma after the internship decreased compared to before, and this decrease was statistically significant. It is suggested that the authorities of Alborz University of Medical Sciences and the Psychiatry Department present and compile educational programs related to stigma and how to properly communicate with mentally ill patients during internships and internships.

It is important to pay attention to psychological issues in frequently divorced women. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of "Imago Relationship Therapy” and “Object RelationsTherapy”” on the sense of coherence and self-regulation in women with frequent divorces in Tehran.

The present research was conducted in a semi-experimental way with pre-test-post-test, follow-up (30 days) and control group. The statistical population of the present study included women with repeated divorces in Tehran who referred to psychological counseling centers in Tehran in 1400 due to the psychological consequences of repeated divorces. Out of 187 people who referred, 36 people were selected by purposive and convenience sampling method. Then they were replaced in the first and second intervention groups and the control group (12 people in each group) using a simple random method.Research instruments included: demographic questionnaire, "Sense of Coherence Scale" and "Self-Regulation Questionnaire". Content validity and face validity were measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The samples were treated in the "Communicative Imaging Therapy" group and in the "Thematic Relationship Therapy" group during 10 sessions 90-minute. The control group received the treatment after the completion of the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 20.

The results of the analysis of variance with repeated measurement showed that "Imago Relationship Therapy" and “Object RelationsTherapy” were effective in increasing the sense of cohesion and self-regulation in women with repeated divorces (P<0.01).

"Communication Imagery Therapy" and “Object RelationsTherapy” have been effective in increasing the sense of coherence and self-regulation in women with repeated divorces. Therefore, it is suggested to therapists, marriage counselors and family counselors to reduce their conflicts by using "Imago Relationship Therapy” and “Object RelationsTherapy” in women with repeated divorces.

People with a secure attachment style and fewer schemas can use interpersonal and social skills to find their place in social interactions with their peers and adults. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles with interpersonal skills and social skills in students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran.

The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study consisted of students of Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran (Science and Research, Central Tehran, South Tehran, North Tehran, East Tehran, West Tehran) in 1399, of which 300 students were sampled in Available were selected. To collect data from the demographic questionnaire, the "Early -Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire", the "Attachment Styles Questionnaire" and the "Interpersonal Communication Skills Questionnaire" Questionnaire) and the "Evaluation of Social Skills Questionnaire" were used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was analyzed in SPSS . 26 and Smart PLS 3.

Interpersonal skills in 2 components of self-management and implementation and other orientation (Initial Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire) are correlated with secure attachment style (P<0.05), but the correlation of avoidant attachment style and ambivalent attachment style and 3 components of cutting, impaired limitations and tinnitus (initial maladaptive schemas questionnaire) and interpersonal skills are rejected (P<0.05). The strongest correlation between interpersonal skills and secure attachment style is with a correlation coefficient of 0.620. Of the 3 attachment styles and 5 components of schemas, only the correlation of 2 secure and avoidant attachment styles with social skills was confirmed (P<0.05). But the correlation of all 5 components of schemas and the correlation of ambivalent attachment style and social skills were rejected (P<0.05).

The component of self-management and implementation and the component of other-directedness and secure and avoidant attachment styles are correlated with social and interpersonal skills. Considering the role of primary maladaptive schemas and attachment styles in interpersonal skills and social skills, it is suggested to use “Schema Therapy” and “Attachment Therapy” in order to improve the interpersonal and social skills of students.

Language is a basic skill and one of the important cognitive areas in children. The aim of the current research is to determine the effectiveness of "Language Skills Promotion Package Based on Cognitive Rehabilitation"  on attention span, working memory and language skills of children with specific language impairment.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post -test-follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all children aged 5 to 7 years with specific language impairment who were engaged in education in normal preschool centers in the academic year of 2022-2023 and had referred to speech therapy centers in Borujerd city to receive speech and language services. The sample size was 30 people who were selected from among the statistical population by purposive sampling method and assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. Research instruments included demographic Questionnaire, "Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Fourth Edition)" (WISC-IV), Clinical interview based on DSM-5 criteria, and "Neuropsychological Skills (Teacher Form) Questionnaire for Preschool Children". The content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability was measured through internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After implementing 12 intervention sessions based on "Language Skills Promotion Package Based on Cognitive Rehabilitation"  on the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .24.

"Language Skills Promotion Package Based on Cognitive Rehabilitation"  was effective on attention span, working memory and language skills of children with specific language impairment (P<0.01). Also, the effect of time on attention span, working memory and language skills was effective compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.01).

"Language Skills Promotion Package Based on Cognitive Rehabilitation"  was effective in increasing attention span, improving working memory and improving language skills of children with specific language impairment. Therefore, it is suggested to use the above intervention to improve children's cognitive and language skills.