نشریه مطالعات ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1402)

Shahriar is one of the great poets in the history of Iranian literature and Culture, different dimensions of his poetry be noticed during his life and after his death. whose poems are his biography. Psychological and philosophical schools have discussed the issue of meaning in human life from different perspectives. In this study, the ways that Shahriar gives meaning to life have been studied according to Frankl's attitude in a library method. The aim of this study was to study the meaning-giving strategies to life in Shahriar's poems and in Frankel's theory of semantics. The present research has been show that Shahriar has given meaning to his life to cope with failures through love, poetic creativity and enduring suffering and he has avoided despair. During his hard life, Shahriar presented his views to give meaning to life without wanting to theorize them. Views that have in common with Frankel's ideas.

To create his work, the poet or writer is challenged with a world of impressions from other texts in his mind, and he creates with the connection he has with his previous or contemporary works, and in this way, he establishes a link between the texts in different ways. which can be studied and analyzed as transtextuality. Bread and halwa is a text that Shirvani was influenced by in writing Safa al-Qulob. Both works are educational-mystical works. Since Genet's transtextuality is much broader than other intertextual theories in terms of division and detail, the main goal of this research is to discover the types of transtextual relationships between Safa al-Qulob and bread and halwa. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question by comparative-analytical-documentary method, which of the divisions of Genet's transtextuality theory is exemplified in a comparative comparison between Safa al-Qulob and Nan and Halwa? The results of the research show that Shirvani has consciously established an intertextual relationship with nan and halwa, and in this regard, there are various types of transtextual relationships, including intertextuality (explicit, indirect, and implied), paratextuality, metatextuality, sertextuality, and hypertextuality (coherence and transtextuality) has benefited

The cross comparison of works of arts has recently attracted many researchers. In this article, the theme of utopian life in the works of Chinua Achebe and Gholamshossein Saedi was analyzed. Novelist like Achebe and Saedi find the path to salvation and rescue in terminating the west colonialism, the rescue of the country, return to the original traditions and customs of Africa as the best way of achieving utopia; the other novelist, Saedi, find the utopian life in the serine and tranquilized rural life for getting rid of the problems of modern life and release from mental and psychological problems and love failures. Both writers through the selection of fictional characters and setting selection on the way of their artistic endeavor have shared many commonalities. This article, the two protagonists, ideas and ideals, their thoughts and mode of thinking about the existence, their utopian yearnings, mode of setting selection, and the influence of political and social orientations on them were analyzed and their similarities were determined.

Various celebrations have been held in Iran since ancient times; Among them are the celebrations that were held in each month, on the occasion of the symmetry of the name of the day with the name of the month, and each of them was accompanied by special customs. Many of these celebrations are forgotten today and are no longer held, but their traces and reflections can be found in the works of the past and classical poets; Among the poets of the Azerbaijani school. Accordingly, this study reflects the Iranian celebrations and related rituals in the poetry of the poets of the Azerbaijani school (with emphasis on Mujir al-Din Bilqani, Nezami, Khaghani and Falak Shervani). According to the findings of this study, among the ancient Iranian celebrations, only four ancient celebrations of Nowruz, Mehregan, Sedeh and Yalda are reflected in the poems of Azerbaijani poets and other ancient celebrations such as: Abangan, Bahmangan, Esfandgan, Tirgan and… have not been reflected in the poems of these poets. Among these four celebrations, Nowruz celebration had the most reflection in the poems of Azerbaijani school poets and Century celebration had the least reflection among their poems. In total, Nowruz celebration has been repeated 71 times in the poems of these poets and only five times the celebration of the century has been mentioned. The reason for this is the great importance of Nowruz as the most important national holiday among Iranians. This research is a theoretical and library research.

Psychoanalytic criticism is a new and visionary criticism in which the researcher or critic aims to reveal hidden aspects or different behavioral angles and psychological signs in a given work, whether literary or… to analyze the personality of the writer, artist or fictional characters.Individualistic psychology was founded by Alfred Adler and one of the theories in this individualistic psychology is the theory of inferiority. In this article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way based on document analysis and the method of library studies, the poems of two contemporary Iranian and Arab poets (Simin Behbahani, Ghadeh Al-Saman) are analyzed and examined based on the theory of inferiority complex based on Adler's individualistic psychology. Placed. The results of the research show that the feeling of inferiority in the poems of Simin Behbahani and Ghade Alsman was due to gender discrimination in the society, and the most important components and indicators that can be found in the poems based on Alfred Adler's individualistic psychology to deal with the feeling of inferiority These two female poets saw, including the mechanisms of superiority, social interest, despair and loneliness, isolation and withdrawal; Glory and protest and love.

Continental literature is one of the important sub-branches of fiction has influenced the social and political developments of most societies. Najib Al-Kilani and Ahmad Mahmoud, two great contemporary Persian and Arabic writers including committed writers based on indigenous culture, addressed the problems of society and their minds for solutions in the form of their stories. The story " Malekat Al-Enab" (Grape Queen) is one of the noble works of Kilani about a village with hope and suffering along with the contemporary historical developments of Egypt in the middle of the twentieth century. The story of "Scorched Earth" by Ahmad Mahmoud is also depicted as a socio-historical plan of the events of the war and the reflection of the southern climate and the suffering of the people by mastering the scenes in a realistic style in the eyes of the critic. The importance of studying this issue becomes clear when many economic and social problems were solved in the development of Islamic societies. The present study has investigated and evaluated the characteristics of influential climatic and indigenous elements in the two novels with a comparative approach. The results of this study: Achieving effective climatic and indigenous elements in the mentioned novels is necessary for the goals of sustainable development.

The change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view and opinion, they have not been influenced by each other, and this research is based on the American school. In this research, relying on the analytical-descriptive and library method, we are going to examine the way of expressing the feelings and emotions of Golchin Gilani's nostalgia and Gibran Khalil Gibran.The change and transformation of political, social and emotional conditions and also modernism and industrial progress are effective in evoking the strange sense of alienation. Nostalgia includes things such as being away from the land, being away from the lover, memories of childhood and youth, loss of values, migration, and the mythological past. Many poets and writers have displayed different forms of this strange feeling; Among these Persian and Arabic poets, Golchin Gilani and Gibran Khalil Gibran can be mentioned. The hypothesis of this research is that although these two poets have a common point of view a.

Studying the relationships between texts led to the discovery of the great theory of "intertextuality" in the 20th century. Based on this theory, every text is formed on the basis of previous texts. Kristeva, Barthes, Sollers and Genette are among the influencers and developers of this theory. Genette tried to examine any relationship between texts including all the details and called the set of these relationships "transtextuality", of which hypertextuality is one of its branches. The purpose of this article is to investigate hyperertextual effects and signs in six fictional works of the world based on Genette's theory. The research method is to study, analyze and compare the stories of The Miser, Christmas Carol, Story of Miserly Man, Eugenie Grande, The Miserly Knight and Dead Souls. The result of the studies shows that five of above-mentioned stories have a single pretext, and that is the play "Judgment" by Menander, which is the first example of Aulularia by Plutus which was imitated by Moliere in "The Miser". In other stories, "The Miser" is the model, which will be their hypertext, and in principle, the hypertext of "Judgment". The types of these hypertexts are pastiche, charge, and replacement.

One of the types of literature whose various frequencies are found in the works of most Persian-speaking and Arabic-speaking poets, and which have produced remarkable and readable works in this type, is "mystical literature". In this type of literature, poets use code language to express mystical meanings and refer to a special style in poetic formats, especially sonnets. In the arena of Arabic and Persian literature, Ibn Faraz of Egypt and Sana'i of Ghazni are considered to be two famous poets and high-ranking mystics, and lovers of divine love. The current research in the field of comparative literature, based on the American comparative literature school, is trying to investigate the most important commonalities and differences of mystical manifestations in the poems of these two poets with descriptive-analytical method. The results of this research indicate that both poets drank from the water of mysticism and politeness, and in the belief of both of them, the most prominent motivation for transcendence is love, and in the basic issues of mysticism, in addition to love, in other mystical manifestations such as Intellect, existential and intuitive unity, annihilation and mystic symbols also have commonalities with each other. with the difference that Ibn Faraz used the symbol in his poems more than Sana'i. In the discussion of colors, Ibn Faraz has mostly interpreted them as light and dark; But Sana'i has paid more attention to the symbols of colors than Ibn Faraz.

Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Islam, this issue is also given great importance, and Islam does not consider those who sacrifice and lose their lives alive in the way of God. Rather, they are the living who rest in the presence of their God. Commemorating and honoring the martyrs of the country who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and religion is also one of the themes of the poetry of Bisandari.This research aims at a comparative study of the concept of martyr and martyrdom in the poems of Iranian and Arab poets. The results of the research show that Iranian and Arab contemporary revolutionary poets have greatly benefited from this concept in their poems, and their poems contain themes related to the martyr and martyrdom, including: praising the status of a martyr, avenging the blood of a martyr, writing a eulogy for him. and the use of symbols.