نشریه مهندسی آب
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

In this research, the bread wheat cultivars were investigated for determining the optimal cultivation cultivar. The main treatments were included the rainfed and irrigated cultivation, and the sub-treatments were included the cultivars of Sorkh tokhm (E1), Backcross Roshan (E2), Bam (E3), Azar2 (E4) and Kavir (E5). The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The yield components (average in the rainfed and irrigated cultivations) were measured for Sorkh tokhm, Backcross Roshan, Bam, Azar2 and Kavir cultivars by 5322, 6702, 6122, 4621 and 4259 kg. ha-1 (grain yield) and 4790, 6402, 5411, 4299 and 4013 kg. ha-1 (straw yield) respectively. From the rainfed to irrigated cultivation, the yield was increased by 57%, 100%, 82%, 41% and 36% (in total yield), 40%, 93%, 60%, 30% and 29%, (in straw yield) and 75%, 106%, 105%, 53% and 43% (in grain yield), respectively. The relationship between grain yield (X) and straw yield (Y) was fitted as Y=0.867X in the irrigated cultivation and Y=1.017X in the rainfed cultivation. For evaluation the cultivars susceptibility to drought stress, were used the indices of MP, GMP, TOL, SSI and STI for grain and straw yields components. As a result, for selecting the optimal cultivar (in Qazvin region), the priority was given to cultivars of Backcross Roshan, Bam, Sorkh tokhm, Azar2 and Kavir, respectively. If water is supplied for irrigation, the yields of grain and straw will increase to double in the cultivation of Backcross Roshan cultivar.

Considering the origin of heavy metals, mines and their extraction and their sewage can play an important role in polluting the environment by these elements. In this study, water pollution in the Shour River, some wells and aqueducts were investigated and changes in cadmium element in surface and groundwater of the region were investigated. Then, statistical comparison and preparation of preliminary maps and distribution maps of cadmium contamination were compared in Shour River water, several aqueducts and wells in the watershed of the river were in two seasons of high water and low water. Statistical comparison of river, well and aqueduct water samples was performed in wet and dry seasons using t-test method. The results showed that due to the high amount of cadmium in surface and underground waters of Sarcheshmeh watershed, therefore, not all of these waters are suitable for drinking and considering that cadmium is a toxic, hazardous and carcinogenic metal in the environment, it can pose irreparable risks to human health and even livestock .

In this research, using two hydrological methods, convex and At-Kin, the flood routing was investigated in the Sarqanat and Kalel reach located in the Dalki River. To perform this operation, 26 flood hydrographs were selected as input to the model. and the output hydrographs of the models were compared to the observed output hydrograph at the station located in downstream of reach. In order to evaluate the efficiency and accuracy of the models, the RMSE was used. The results showed that the hydrological method of Atkin is significantly less accurate than the graphic (regression) method of Convex, but it is more accurate compared to the two sub-methods of Singh and SCS of Convex. Also it was found that the graphical method of Convex (or regression) with an average error value of 21.26 m3/s. is more suitable than other methods in this research. And then the best methods include Atkin, Singh and SCS with RMSE values of 70.16, 77.87 and 79.3 m3/s. However, the difference between Singh and SCS methods is not serious. The RMSE values in all methods used in this research show a lower value in 50% Qp compared to the Qp. In Atkin's method, the amount of error in the conditions of using 50%Qp has reached from 78.5 to 70.71 m3/s. According to the mentioned results, it is recommended that researchers use 50%Qp in flood routing operation.

Experience has shown that knowledge management receives more attention in the private sector than in the public sector in advanced countries. Knowledge management is a pillar for achieving knowledge-based development. This research aims to design and explain a model for cost and time management in construction projects based on the PMBOK standard. The research is applied in terms of its objective. The statistical population of this research includes managers, experts, and consultants of Farazab Water and Water Affairs Company in Tabriz, totaling approximately 120 individuals. Out of this number, 92 individuals were selected as the sample using Cochran's formula. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, expert opinions from 10 professionals in the field of project planning and control were used, during which the project indicators reached 74. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software and hierarchical analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that all questionnaire factors have a significant impact, and the ranking of influential dimensions on cost and time in construction projects according to the PMBOK standard are as follows: project cost management, project time management, integrated project management, project human resource management, project scope management, project quality management, project procurement management, project risk management, project stakeholder management, and project communication management.

Snow in mountainous areas is one of the main components of the hydrological cycle, however, there are many changes in its temporal and spatial distribution. In this study, the SRM model and remote sensing data were used in order to monitor the time and space of the snow cover level and simulate the runoff caused by snowmelt in Armand Basin. The hydrological data of the basin and the raster data of the MODIS sensor were collected and used for a period of 2 years (water years 2005-06 to 2006-07). After processing MODIS sensor images in ENVI software, the snow cover level was determined. The simulation with the SRM model showed successful and acceptable results. So that the results of the evaluation of the model using two indicators, the Coefficient of determination and the volume difference, showed the high accuracy of the model in estimating the runoff resulting from snowmelt in the Armand Basin. The R2 obtained for Armand Basin is about 0.90.

Each soil mass is composed of solid grains with different sizes and empty spaces that allow empty spaces to be moved to water from a high-energy point to a lower-energy point, which creates the permeability of the soil. In this study, in order to determine the most important factors affecting soil permeability, compared to acidic rainfall in the slope main aspects of Gachsaran formation, a part of the gypsum mountain basin of Izeh City with an area of 1202 hectares was selected. This study, In order to determine the relationship between the infiltration rate by rainfall simulator with some soil physical and chemical properties such as percentage of gravel, clay, silt, sand, acidity, electrical conductivity, moisture, calcium carbonate, and organic matter and sodium were performed in different slopes of Gachsaran formation. The most important factors influencing the penetration rate were identified by multivariate regression. The regression models showed that generally, in all slope main aspects in Gachsaran formation in rainfall with distilled water, the chemical characteristics of the most important role in increasing and decreasing the permeability and in precipitation with the acidity 5, the chemical characteristics of the soil are the most important role in increasing and decreasing the level of permeability, but with increasing the concentration of acidity to 4, the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil have an equal role in increasing and decreasing.

In many areas, urban flood and flood control system are not yet considered as an important issue in the design of the urban fabric and the problems caused by it are clearly seen at the city level. In order to control and manage urban flood, it is necessary to extract urban flood risk zones and analyze the vulnerability of urban infrastructure assets at risk. Flood risk assessment provides valuable information for flood risk management in order to assess vulnerability and face risk. Achieving this information requires the use of hydrological and hydraulic models and the analysis of damages to various urban facilities and uses. In this research, HEC-RAS hydraulic modeling has been used for two-dimensional simulation with the design return period (25 years) and flood depth and speed zoning for this return period. In this study, with accurate two-dimensional flood modeling, using the 1.5-meter height figure model, analyze and investigate the urban flood risk. The results of the research show that most of the areas that are facing floods and inundation are among the worn-out areas that have an older drainage network design, and the areas of Shahin Vila and Gohardasht are in an unsustainable condition compared to the other two areas and in contrast to the two areas Azimieh and Jahanshahr Karaj have better resilience than the other two regions.