مجله سلامت و سالمندی خزر
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most cancers and early diagnosis improves patient survival. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of clinical symptoms in patients with rectal cancer in Guilan Province from 2018 to 2021.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted as a census. Information on patients with rectal cancer referred to the Rasht Gastroenterology Clinic from 2018 to 2021was collected using a researcher-made survey instrument. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26. Numbers and percentages were used to describe the variables.
Most of the patients were between 50 and 70 years old. Besides, 63.5% of the patients were male. In addition, the body mass index of most patients was between 18.5 and 24.9 and most of them were non-smokers (62.5%). Also, the frequencies of some symptoms such as anemia, increased bowel movements, feeling unable to defecate completely, anal pain, inability to expel flatulence, and diarrhea were 18.8, 18.8, 18.8, 11.8, 8.2, and 5.9, respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of bleeding, constipation, weight loss, and hypogastric pain were 51.8%, 25.9%, 24.7% and 20%, respectively.
According to the results of the present study, more attention should be paid to the occurrence of symptoms such as constipation, weight loss, hypogastric pain and bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract in people over 50 years of age, and patients should be referred to gastroenterologists for examination for possible colorectal cancer.

The safe performance of nurses during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is effective in reducing the costs and deaths caused by COVID-19 and reducing the hospitalization of patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the head nurses' perspective on nurses' performance in providing safe care to patients during COVID-19 epidemic.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2021-2022. The research population included all nurses with at least a bachelor's degree in nursing and at least six months of work experience. In this study, head nurses who were as evaluators had at least six months of leadership experience. The sample size was 118 subjects. The data were collected using a Safe Nursing Care Tool. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using an independent t test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. A value of P< 0.05 was considered significant.

The mean and standard deviation of the nurses’ age was 71.37±32.7 years. The mean of the nurses' total safe behavior score was 27.255±97.30 (at average level). There was a statistically significant relationship between nurses’ safe behavior and age (P=0.047) and nurses' working hours (P=0.005).

From the results, nurses' safety behaviors were average during COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, to improve nurses' safety behaviors, it is recommended that nurses be regularly trained in safety concepts and provided with feedback, and their safety performance be monitored and evaluated.

The elderly are generally important users of pre-hospital health care and emergency services. The aim of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of the elderly with pre-hospital emergency services in Sari.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Sari from May to February 2019. A total of 300 elderly people were selected on weekdays using convenience sampling method. A demographic-cognitive questionnaire and an emergency care satisfaction scale questionnaire were distributed in all 115 emergency centers. The collected data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 21 using Student's t-tests and analysis of variance.

Most people in the elderly age group were 60-75 years old (85.6%). The majority of the studied elderly were men (52%). Of the cases sent by the pre-hospital emergency service, 15% were related to traffic accidents and 85% were not accidents. The highest satisfaction was found in the areas of ambulance status (6.57), technician's professionalism (6.5), and technician's attitude (6.49). The lowest satisfaction was found in performance (6.2) and efficiency (6.44).

The satisfaction of the elderly with pre-hospital emergency services is almost optimal. Providing counseling services to improve communication of technicians in dealing with this age group is a more effective step to increase satisfaction of the elderly.

emotional disclosure increases mental health, improves the immune system, and decreases physical problems. The aim of this study was to review the effects of written emotional disclosure on improving physical and mental health.

This review study was conducted in 2022. The Persian keywords "efshay-e hayajani-e neveshtari", "salamat-e jesmi", and " salamat-e ravani" and the English keywords "physical health", "mental health" and "written emotional disclosure" were searched in "Google scholar", "PubMed", "SID.ir" and "Science Direct" from 2010 to 2021. After review, 10 articles were selected for this study.

Results of selected studies showed that written emotional disclosure improved implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem, body image, depression, secondary hyperalgesia, care burden, stress, negative emotions, anxiety, self-efficacy, parental impairment, and quality of life and reduction of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

The results of the present study suggest that written emotional disclosure may be effective in correcting life review in the psychological system as a person reviews and examines his or her life. Therefore, written emotional disclosure can be considered by experts as one of the simple, effective, and inexpensive methods.

Thirst distress (TD) is a psychometric consequence of diet therapy and dietary sodium restriction (DSR) in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) and is one of the main reasons for admission of the elderly to hospitals and clinical centers. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of DSR and TD in the elderly with HF.

In this descriptive study, 70 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Babol University of Medical Sciences (Iran) were randomly selected. The Thirst Distress Scale in HF patients (TDS-HF) and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) were used for data collection. The data were analyzed in SPSS 26 using descriptive statistics.

The mean and standard deviation age of the participants was 69.38±8.32 years. The mean score of TDS and DSR in the elderly with HF was 30.47 ± 5.57, and 60.61 ± 8.7, respectively, indicating TD. There was a significant negative relationship between the duration of the disease and the score of DSR, and the place of residence with the score of TD.

Based on the results, representing TD in the elderly with HF, it is recommended that educational interventions appropriate to age should be used to reduce the psychometric consequences of diet therapy such as TD and to change attitudes towards adherence to DSR in the elderly with HF.

Occupational violence can have a negative effect and mental burden on the way emergency medical service personnel provide services. The aim of this study was to determine verbal violence against emergency medical service personnel and related factors at the Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among emergency medical service personnel of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Totally, 264 individuals were selected using the systematic random sampling method. The data were collected using the Occupational Violence Questionnaire and Goldenberg GHQ-28 General Health Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS.

During the past year, 240 emergency medical service personnel experienced occupational violence in the following forms: verbal (65%), cultural (6.9%), and sexual (3.1%). There was a statistically significant relationship between verbal violence and marital status (p=0.049) as well as age (p=0.04), and crisis in the past 6 months of the personnel (p=0.02). Patient companions were the main perpetrators of violence, and the most common response to violence was to ask the assailant to calm down. The most common violence against staff in the last mission was verbal and cultural violence. There was a statistically significant relationship between violence during the last mission and the type of employment, age and professional experience of the personnel.

Considering the predictability and controllability of violence, in addition to improving training, prevention methods, reforms related to the factors that cause violence, and the implementation of courses and workshops can be considered as effective steps to reduce violence against emergency medical personnel.

Therapeutic environments are always associated with a variety of stressors, such as exposure to serious illness, patient death, heavy workload, and role ambiguity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience and psychological well-being of nurses in the city of Kermanshah, where self-compassion plays a mediating role.

This descriptive-analytical study was the path analysis-correlation type. The statistical population of this study was all nurses of Kermanshah city and the sample size was 278 people selected according to the available sampling method. The psychological resilience questionnaire, psychological well-being questionnaire and self-compassion scale were used to collect data. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the path analysis model and the statistical software SmartPLS 3.3 and SPSS 25.

The path from psychological resilience to psychological well-being
(β = 0.81 and t = 2.21), the path from psychological resilience to psychological well-being through the mediating role of self-compassion (β=0/61 and t=2.36), it was found that all values are significant at an error level of less than 0.05.

There is a relationship between psychological resilience and psychological well-being through the mediation of self-compassion.