مجله متن شناسی ادب فارسی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 60، زمستان 1402)

The story of Yusuf and Zulaikha is a Hebrew story narrated in the Holy Quran in a Surah titled ‘Yusuf’. After Islam was introduced in Iran, many literary scholars focused their attention on it, and different narratives of it were written in the form of poems with various meters. Toghanshahi's Yusuf and Zulaikha and Jami's Yusuf and Zolaikha are among the most important stories of Yusuf and Zulaikha currently available to knowledge enthusiasts. They are two different narrations of this story. Mohammad Kazem Saheb Isfahani, also known as Masih al-Bayan, one of Alamgir's era poets, travels from Iran to India and, while employed as a physician in the royal hospital, due to his talent in poetry, composes and leaves behind several books. Sabahat Yousefi is one of his masnawis that he composed following Bahr Khafif meters. In this study, in addition to introducing this work, this narration will be compared with the narration of Yusuf and Zulaikhai attributed to Ferdowsi. The results showed that there is a clear difference between these two works in terms of the type of narration, language, meter, and literary themes. This study is fundamental in terms of type. The aforementioned text will be analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method.

Throughout its periods of prosperity and adversity, Iranian Islamic culture has experienced significant ideological shifts under the influence of two prominent figures in Sufism and Islamic philosophy. The regions of Great Khorasan and ancient Transoxiana, which served as the cradle and hub for various major sects, such as Jabriyya, Mu'tazila, Ash'ara, Maturidiyya, Hashviyya, Moshbaha, Karramiyya, Murji'ah, and the Shia sects, became a battleground for religious conflicts and a diversity of theological perspectives, particularly up to the 4th and 5th centuries. These religious conflicts, which ignited a wide array of inter-sectarian and intra-sectarian disputes, gradually found expression in the thoughts and language of Iranian poets, giving rise to a rich tapestry of ideological beliefs in their poetry. Regrettably, the theological analyses of Persian literature to date have often been marred by generalizations and biases. In this article, the authors proposed the concept of "ideological stylistics with a theological approach" to circumvent generalizations and demonstrate the departure from sectarian belief norms in Persian poetry. From this vantage point, the concept of "sighting God" within Islamic sects has been dissected into more nuanced intellectual themes. By comparing the beliefs of various theological sects regarding this concept, the authors have unveiled the ideological interplay of symbolic and meaningful words in Hakim Nizami's poetry, revealing two grammatical and rhetorical layers. The theological stances of Hakim Nizami in the realm of "Sighting God in the Ascension" have been found to align with the beliefs of Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari.

The Wave Discourse is formed based on an event system and provides the basis for discourse proliferation. As a result, we encounter fluid, open, and leaping situations that expand the scope of the actor's presence and, as a result, create a presence for the actor that is no longer under his control. Discourse systems are divided into two general types: conservatism and risk-taking. Conservatism is based on adaptation, and risk-taking is based on an accident. The Wave Discourse is also the result of the risk-taking system, which leads to the formation of accidental and unexpected meanings by creating a rupture process. In the present study, the story of Bustan Saadi's ‘Safar-e Hindustan va Zalalat-e Botparastan’ is examined from the perspective of the Wave Discourse Theory. In this study, the type of interaction between the two systems of conservatism and risk-taking and the conditions of these two systems are analyzed. Examining the story under discussion shows that the narrator continuously puts the discourse space in a challenging situation in such a way that the systems of conservatism and risk-taking advance the narrative in parallel and in a competitive atmosphere. The actor also participates in this competitive space according to the symbolic position in which he is placed, and finally, with the act of murder, he creates an event space that causes the formation of risk-taking and the realization of the Wave Discourse.

The book Ma’dan ol-Javaher (Mine of Gemes) is the only available work written by Doulat Khan-e Tarzi Dehlavi, a poet and writer in the Indian subcontinent, authored in the years 1024-1025 AH and dedicated to Jahangir Shah Gourkani. This book is being kept in the form of manuscripts with libraries around the world and among them, three manuscripts are available in Iran. The present descriptive study aims to introduce and analyze the text of Ma’dan ol-Javaher. Research findings indicate that the book is composed of seventeen chapters in the same format as Golestan of Saadi, that is a mixture of prose and poetry. The book consists of thirty-six stories, and Tarzi Dehlavi considers himself the compiler of these tales, not the creator of them. Most of the poetic evidence of the book belongs to the author himself, but the verses of other Persian poets such as Saadi, Hafez, Nezami, Jami, and others have also been cited. Most of the poems cited from others belong to Saadi. This shows that Tarzi, in addition to imitating Golestan in his prose, had also an eye on Saadi's Bustan. Employing rare Indian words such as ‘sokhpal’, ‘mooti’, ‘joogi’, etc., agreements of adjectives and adverbs, word formation and the use of verbs in special meanings, the use of redundancy, and the like are among the stylistic features of Ma’dan ol-Javaher.

In the treasure of Persian manuscripts, there are many epic and religious verses on the subject of the biography, beneficences, and battles of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and Imam Ali (AS). Saqib's Masnavi (Hamleyeh Heydari) attributed to Mohammad Hossein Saqib Isfahani, is an epic and religious epopee, a unique copy of which is kept in the National Library of Iran by number 15752. The manuscript of this unknown epopee was composed in 1255 AH; however, due to the loss of the first pages and its preface, the name of the composer, the title of the poem, the date, and the reason for its composition are not known precisely. The current research, while introducing this manuscript, seeks to answer two research questions: What is the significance of Saqib's Masnavi from the point of view of literature, rhetoric, and terminology? How can its attribution to the composer be proven? The edition and examination of this manuscript show that Saqib's Masnavi is one of the most significant and precious religious poems, which, in addition to its religious worth, deserves attention in terms of literature, language, and the inclusion of rare ancient words of Persian texts.

Persian grammar has a long history in the subcontinent. The influence of Iranian culture and the Persian language in the subcontinent has led many people to seek education and learning in this language, resulting in a serious development of Persian language education. Amadnames and Safwat al-Masader are among the works that have been written in the subcontinent of India for teaching Persian grammar, specifically in the direction of source derivation in Persian. In this research, first, a brief overview of the influence of culture and the Persian language in India and the tradition of Amadname writing in the subcontinent is mentioned. Then, the introduction of handwritten and lithographic versions of these works, the explanation of each work, and the correction of selected sections containing important aspects of source derivation and classification methods are examined. The next step in the research is to compare the methods of these works with each other and mention their differences and similarities. In this study, a comparison is made between the methods of these works and two important historical works in Persian grammar, namely, Jam'e al-Fawaid and Dastur-e Sokhan, and their similarities and differences are highlighted. In general, this study critically evaluates the scientific reasons, characteristics, and shortcomings of these works.