فصلنامه اخلاق در علوم و فناوری
سال هجدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 67، زمستان 1402)

Plagiarism is to ascribe the ideas, thoughts, themes and words of someone else to himself /herself to escalate his/her own dignity and position. Such a deviation is not a new issue and it has been regarded poignantly from very early times. But today due to the expansion and the enhance of the sources of information which are easily at reach, it has become popular to exploite them without mentioning the origin of the source or naming the creator. Such popularity has forced the governments to place some impediments against these deviations and even some governments have penalized the ones who commit such rule breaking to heavy penalties and imprisonment.

To clarify the meaning and the specifications of plagiarism, the essayist has referred to reliable Persian, Arabic and English sources and has defined it as well as the punishments which have been attributed to it.The main question which has been broached in this essay is when a poet takes a theme from another poet and creates a poem much more beautiful and impressing than the first poet is it plausible to call such beautification as plagiarism? Therefore, labeling the name of plagiarism should be done very prudently.

One of the basic issues in moral philosophy is the relationship between knowledge and moral virtue. To analyze this issue from Mulla Sadra's point of view, it is very important to analyze Sadra's view of the essential movement of the levels of the human soul (cognitive and rational) with the worlds (ideal and rational) about the connection between knowledge and virtue under the foundations and results of this theory. In this article, by examining the issue of how human knowledge of the world is in an example and rational way, the relationship of this knowledge with moral virtue was investigated by Mulla Sadra and Gharchghai Khan.

The results of the study showed that Mulla Sadra paid attention to the types of moral propositions in order to analyze the connection between knowledge and virtue from a logical point of view and put it under philosophical reasonings which are exemplified in imaginary perception in a partial form and rational knowledge in a general form. This is not seen in Qarchghai Khan's votes. But from the cognitive point of view, both thinkers have benefited from this theory in terms of the results of metaphysics and human physical mines, while considering knowledge to be the same as virtue in the levels of the self and the world. According to this theory, the virtues and vices in the exemplary and rational level are synonymous with the soul and accompany it, and for this reason, they appear in the form of pleasure and torment for humans in the Day of Resurrection.

The Iranian market as a socio-economic and cultural cradle has a high value in most societies and also has a prominent identity with its special characteristics. Today, due to changes in the structure of urban spaces, changes in people's ethical life patterns and lack of proper adaptation to traditional physical space, the market is at risk of becoming a secluded space regardless of its past with ethical approach physical and functional aspects. This study intends to study the traditional market, while explaining its position, to study and extract the effective ethical branch off Islamic doctrines components in creating meaning and body. The examples reviewed in this article are the Kerman market and Semnan market.

The results show that spatial and semantic values ​​in different parts of the market are fundamentally different according to the role of each part. Therefore, the need to pay attention to changes and consequences resulting from the physical and functional aspects, to increase the sociability of the market is obvious and necessary.the results show that we can separated these principles with ethical approach in privation and affirmation that we can call most important of them such as necessity abstinence of affectation of market, minimal definition about market leisure role, combination of economic- cultural in market with mosques, the ability of market to homage religious rituals and so on. These principles are clearly visible in traditional cities.

A non-responsibility clause is a type of contract in which it is agreed that the parties are exempted or their liability is reduced from possible moral responsibilities that may arise in the future. In this way, it can be said that the non-responsibility condition is a condition that is included in the text of the contract, and its purpose is to eliminate the responsibility that is faced by the obligor in case of non-performance of the contract or delay in its performance or incomplete performance of the contract. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the ethical dimension of this condition in Iranian and international law, which was done with a descriptive analytical method with a library technique.

The non-responsibility clause is a clause that is included in the contract with the purpose of eliminating the contractual or non-contractual liability of one party for compensation. According to one opinion, the condition of non-responsibility is invalid. According to another opinion, the disclaimer clause is valid. Comparing the condition of non-liability in international law with Iranian law, considering its dimensions in the rights and moral obligations of the parties to the contract, in domestic and international treaties and their moral obligations, has been effective. If the condition of non-responsibility is fulfilled correctly, it eliminates the moral responsibility of the obligee, and the injured party can no longer claim damages from the causer of the damage. The non-responsibility condition is valid in the scope of contractual civil responsibilities that are caused by mistakes and errors.

The arbitration agreement is binding between the parties like any other agreement. The parties choose a person to resolve their dispute and provide him with their most confidential secrets. Now, he is the one who must be responsible for such trust by adhering to the highest moral principles and consider the commitment to the aforementioned rules as part of the duty that the parties to the dispute and the human society have placed upon them. The arbitrator has moral obligations towards the parties to the dispute, the observance of which, more than anything else, makes the relations between the arbitrators and the parties clear, on the one hand, and the arbitrators with each other, on the other hand. The present study was formed with the aim of examining the ethical challenges of arbitration in Iranian law.

In recent years, referee injuries have increased significantly. One of the main reasons for the increase in cases of injury to arbitrators is that the parties to the dispute do not trust the arbitrator appointed by the other party, and usually, seeing the arbitrator's lack of impartiality, they want to remove him from the arbitration court. Although the challenge of non-observance of ethical principles becomes a problem in theory, the problem that besets judges in practice is that the nature of moral obligations and the scope of compliance with said obligations are not very clear for judges, and this causes the judge to be offended or invalidated. The arbitration decision is made by the court. Efforts have been made by international organizations to overcome these recent problems, and collections such as ethical charters and behavioral recommendations for referees have been compiled. These charters and recommendations generally include several important ethical obligations such as neutrality, independence, confidentiality, disclosure and hard work.

The first condition of moral responsibility is discretion. In order to explain free will in ethics, Ibn Sina deals with the intellectual foundations of goodness and badness for how virtues are created in humans. According to Ibn Arabi, this is the case that moral virtues are the union with the fixed virtues of man, which is the manifestation of one of the names. In the present study, an attempt has been made to compare the viewpoints of these two Islamic philosophers in the field of human agency in the realm of moral responsibility.

Ibn Sina emphasizes that goodness and badness in the sense that they have ontological aspects can be inspired by the Sharia and active intellect and by revelation to the Prophet and be the basis of practical and moral laws. The answer to the problem of reparation in the will of man, which arises for man due to the obligation to the divine Sharia, is that the perfections of moral limits are found from the Sharia, but then the theoretical powers of man take possession of it through knowing the laws and applying them in detail. Is possible. In Ibn Arabi's view, predestination has an ontological aspect, but man's knowledge of his fixed object and the will to unite with it gives man a kind of free will to create moral virtues. The difference between Ibn Sina's and Ibn Arabi's theories is in the philosophical approach, Ibn Sina's "science and will of mercy" and the theological-mystical approach, Ibn Arabi's "personal unity of existence".

The principle of good faith and observance of ethics in international trade agreements is the essence and spirit of the contract that should prevail at every stage. Is a fertile source for the emergence of legal rules. Therefore, the present study was formed with the aim of examining the role of good faith and ethics in international trade agreements and analyzing it from the perspective of civil law in Iraq.

The principle of good faith is a principle governing the implementation of contracts and as long as it is not explicitly stated, it entails obligations for the contracting party. International trade agreements are considered as the most important tools of international trade, because these agreements are the most widely used legal instruments in the field of international transactions. To consider. And it is one of the general principles of law that has been recognized by civilized nations and has been accepted as an integral part of legal systems with the development and expansion of this principle.

One of Sohrawardi's innovations in ethics is that while discussing the wisdom of taste and intuition, he takes steps towards the perfection of the soul and the happiness of man, a matter that was also pursued by Mulla Sadra in relation to the perfection levels in theoretical and practical reason. This article is done with the aim of investigating the ethical views of Suhravardi and Mulla Sadra, in line with the effect of practical reason in the completion of theoretical reason.

The results of the research show that, contrary to the similarities of the views of these two thinkers in accepting the influence of practical reason in the completion of theoretical reason, Sohrvardi develops this theory in line with his theory about intuition, intuitive science and taste wisdom. While Mulla Sadra's theory uses it in line with his theory about the perfection of the soul through essential movement; Therefore, in Mulla Sadra's theory, this issue is to prove the effect of action in the emergence of its physical form in the world of resurrection. The research method is a qualitative method based on content analysis. In this case, logical analysis is considered to answer the main research questions.

The dispute resolution councils, which were active before the Islamic revolution in the form of houses of justice, were re-formed and started working after the victory of the Islamic revolution with new tasks. Due to the drafting of the new Islamic Penal Code in 2012, significant changes and effects were observed in the organization and functioning of this institution. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the competence of dispute resolution councils from the point of view of ethical and fair proceedings.

With the establishment of the Dispute Resolution Council, the number of people's appeals to the judiciary has been significantly reduced, and many of the people's claims in these councils have led to peace and compromise, or these claims have been chosen by people from among the people themselves. becomes but its disadvantages cause a moral and fair judgment to be distorted. It is hoped that in order to further organize the council, the presence of young or retired judges, or experienced lawyers, as well as experienced and experienced professionals, will be used so that they can reduce the density of cases and their delays in the judiciary, or reduce them to a minimum. to be Also, improving the quality level of the councils through holding training sessions for the members, determining specific criteria for employing members in the councils and making them specialized and predicting the rights for the members can reduce the problems of the dispute resolution council.

Deviant work behaviors are voluntary behaviors that violate organizational norms and threaten the health of the organization and its employees or both. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between electronic monitoring of employees' deviant behaviors and the moderating role of ethical climate.               

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of nature. The statistical population of this research is all employees of factories in Tabriz city. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people due to the unlimited statistical population. The sampling method was random. Questionnaire was used to collect data and structural equation method with SPSS and SMART PLS software was used to analyze data and test hypotheses.

The results showed that electronic monitoring had a negative effect on deviant behavior of employees (Beta=-0.151) and moral climate had a negative effect on deviant behavior (Beta=-0.333). Electronic monitoring has a significant effect on the deviant behaviors of employees with the role of moderating moral climate in the factories of Tabriz city (Beta = -0.104).

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that electronic monitoring along with the moral atmosphere governing the organization reduces the deviant behaviors of the employees towards the organization.

With the onset of the corona disease and the development of e-learning environments and the incompatibility of moral development with this environment, it seems necessary to address ethical issues in the field of e-learning. With the understanding of this importance, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the lived experience of e-learning ethics.               

The current research was conducted with a qualitative approach of the phenomenological type, the research population was all the incoming Bo Ali Sina University master's degree students (97, 98, 99), which was a purposive sampling and the criterion of passing a semester was electronically available for selection and tools. A semi-structured interview that was conducted in 25 saturation interviews. The data obtained from the interview were coded and categorized with Maxqda software.

By analyzing the findings, 23 sub-categories and 7 main categories in the teachers' dimension, 7 sub-categories and 2 main categories in the learners' dimension, 4 sub-categories and 1 main category in the technology dimension, 25 sub-categories and 7 categories in university dimention were obtained.

The results show that having a process-oriented teaching approach, providing the fields of interactions (cognitive, social, emotional) and also the experience of working with technology are effective in e-learning ethics. Finally, there were differences between the views of students who started their studies with electronic education and the views of students who were transferred from face-to-face education to electronic education during their studies and due to the Corona pandemic, in terms of evaluating ethics in electronic education; So that the second group compared electronic education with their lived experiences during face-to-face education.

Currently, due to the intense competition in the banking industry, attracting and retaining specialized, talented and efficient human resources has become a serious challenge in this bank. The current research has been done with the aim of providing a model of strengthening the ethical brand in order to attract and maintain human resources.               

This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of survey-exploratory approach. The statistical population of this research was a group of experts (including university professors and consultants in the field of human resources management, experts in behavioral sciences and psychometrics, and senior managers of Tejarat Bank) who were selected as samples using the snowball sampling method. In this research, since the data-based theory method was used, the main tool for data collection was deep and unstructured interviews with experts. Finally, after three open, central and selective coding, the proposed research model was designed based on the paradigm model.

A total of 9 interviews were conducted, 123 initial concepts were extracted, after examining and putting them together and removing duplicate concepts, 36 final concepts were identified and placed in 12 main categories. Finally, the research model was drawn.

An ethical brand leaves a legacy of values, strategies and actions that can be considered morally correct and ethical. In fact, an ethical banking brand helps the society in a responsible, positive and sustainable way, respects the customers, and by observing fairness, respect and justice towards its employees, it can maintain its human resources effectively.

Paying attention to the quality of virtual education in schools is one of the continuous dimensions of the quality of educational processes, for its improvement, the categories of leadership and professional ethics of teachers should be taken into consideration. Understanding this importance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of peer leadership in the quality of virtual school education through the mediation of teachers' professional teaching ethics.                

The research is a type of correlation studies and a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population included all the second secondary teachers of Hamedan province in the academic year of 1400-1401 in the number of 1797 people. The sample size was estimated by proportional stratified random sampling and Cochran's formula of 316 teachers. The tools of research data collection were the standard questionnaires of Hamnava leadership, professional ethics of teaching and the researcher-made questionnaire of the quality of virtual education in schools. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were checked with Cronbach's alpha techniques, content validity, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Structural modeling was used in SPSS22 and Lisrel 10.30 software to analyze the data.

The results showed that the consistent leadership of school principals has a positive effect on the quality of virtual school education, the consistent leadership of school principals has an indirect positive effect on the quality of virtual school education through the professional teaching ethics of teachers; The professional teaching ethics of teachers has a positive and meaningful effect on the quality of virtual education in schools; Also, the consistent leadership of school principals and the professional teaching ethics of teachers are able to explain 18% of the variance in the quality of virtual education in schools.

As a result, one of the factors that can affect the quality of virtual education in schools is consistent leadership and professional teaching ethics.

Belief and ethical attitudes and actions have an effect on the process of marital life and sometimes make it easier and sometimes make marital relations more complicated. The aim of the current research was to discover the attitudes and belief-ethical actions that affect the marital life of dual-career couples.               

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using interpretive phenomenology method. The statistical population in the current study was all the dual-career couples with marital satisfaction and marital conflict in Noorabad city, among them, the researchers found 12 dual-career couples with marital satisfaction (who, while admitting that they have marital satisfaction, scored higher than 161 in the Enrich questionnaire, which indicates satisfaction marriage is great and wonderful) and 12 dual-career couples with marital conflicts (based on their acknowledgment of having marital conflict and a high score in the MCQ questionnaire) were selected and interviewed by purposive sampling method. Dickelman, Allen and Tanner method and MAXQDA12 software were used for data coding and analysis.

The analysis of the data from the interviews led to the identification of 2 main themes including belief-ethical plagues (with sub-themes: belief plagues and ethical plagues) and belief-ethical results (with sub-themes: belief results and ethical results).

The review of the lived experiences of dual-career couples in this study showed that Belief-ethical attitudes and actions of the couples can also affect the satisfaction and conflicts between the dual-career couples by being influenced by the simultaneous employment of the couple.

The link between theoretical and applied knowledge and information with research abilities and capacities, regardless of research ethics, is a missing link that does not lead anywhere and requires researchers to enter the field of research ethics and its relationship with other are variables. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between information literacy and research capabilities with the mediating role of research ethics among graduate students of physical education.               

The method of conducting the present research was descriptive correlation type based on structural equation method. The statistical population of this research included all the students of Tehran and Allameh Tabatabai universities in the number of 1100 people who were selected based on the Morgan table and using the available sampling method, a sample size of 285 people was selected. Questionnaires of information literacy, research ethics and research capabilities were used to collect data. SPSS software, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, Kimo and Bartlett test) were used for data analysis, and Lisrel software was used to model relationships between variables.

The results showed that information literacy has a direct effect on research ethics, research ethics has a direct and significant effect on research capabilities, and information literacy has a positive and direct effect on research capabilities. Also, information literacy has an indirect effect on research capabilities through research ethics.

Therefore, it can be concluded that information literacy and research ethics are important and effective variables on research capabilities.

Behavioral economics is based on the idea that increasing realistic psychological evidence in economic analysis improves the ability of economics to analyze and predict the realities of human life. In this research, the aim is to investigate the effectiveness of social life results (health, life satisfaction, salary and education) from economic and social preferences, moral and locus of control.               

The current research was quasi-experimental research. The research community was made up of students of Tehran universities, who were selected as a sample using available sampling. To evaluate social, moral and economic preferences, the experiments designed by Becker and colleagues were used, and for the center of control, Rutter's questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed by linear regression method.

The results showed that the feeling of health component has a significant relationship with economic (risk and time), moral (trust, and altruism) and social preferences (countering positive example, countering negative example) and locus of control, which of course with all of them. Except for negative comparison, there was a significant direct relationship. Life outcome has a direct relationship with risk, trust, positive reciprocity and locus of control, and an inverse relationship with time, negative reciprocity and altruism.

The root of people's decision-making problems is in the framework of maximizing utility, and the utility of people is created by preferences such as risk-taking, time, trusting others, positive and negative reciprocity, and altruism. Economic, social and moral preferences along with locus of control complement each other in defining people's life outcomes.

Governance in every society is inextricably linked with the moral system and values ​​of the society. The purpose of this research is to present the components of good governance based on social capital.               

The current research is one of the qualitative types of research that was conducted with the foundation's data approach. The statistical community of this research included experts in the field of management and social sciences, 15 of whom were selected as a sample using the snowball method. Data collection tool, semi-structured interview and data analysis were done using three stages of coding.

In coding, main and secondary categories were extracted from the interview data. The central phenomenon included two categories of good governance based on social capital and human capital. Causal conditions have three main categories of environmental factors, policy factors and structural factors, background conditions which include two categories of organizational factors and educational factors, strategies have two categories of management and leadership and the category of social communication, and finally the consequences have four categories of development. and improving the status of South Pars, organizational development, increasing social capital and improving accountability and increasing social responsibility of South Pars.

The results show that the function of good governance based on social capital by discovering facts is a supplement for productivity in South Pars Company.

Web-based management is a new management philosophy and strategy supported by a system and a technology that is created to create an interactive relationship in a collaborative environment with the environment in order to achieve mutual benefits. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the management based on behavior and organizational time management with the mediating role of human-ethical relations.               

The research method is descriptive correlation type. The statistical population is all managers of the Islamic Azad University of Hormozgan province, and 201 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using structural equations in SPSS statistical software.

The obtained results show that there is a relationship between robot-based management and organizational time management, and it was found that robot-based management has a positive and significant relationship with organizational time management with the mediating role of human-ethical relations.

It can be stated that web-based management networks are accessible at all hours of the day and at any place, and they can be accessed easily and communicate with many people in the shortest time. Therefore, according to the ability of management based on the relationship development and time management, the importance of human-ethical relationships in this field should be considered.

Web-based management is a new management philosophy and strategy supported by a system and a technology that is created to create an interactive relationship in a collaborative environment with the environment in order to achieve mutual benefits. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the management based on behavior and organizational time management with the mediating role of human-ethical relations.               

The research method is descriptive correlation type. The statistical population is all managers of the Islamic Azad University of Hormozgan province, and 201 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using structural equations in SPSS statistical software.

The obtained results show that there is a relationship between robot-based management and organizational time management, and it was found that robot-based management has a positive and significant relationship with organizational time management with the mediating role of human-ethical relations.

It can be stated that web-based management networks are accessible at all hours of the day and at any place, and they can be accessed easily and communicate with many people in the shortest time. Therefore, according to the ability of management based on the relationship development and time management, the importance of human-ethical relationships in this field should be considered.

Examining the effective factors on organizational innovation can play an effective role in designing programs to improve the organization's performance and create a competitive advantage. As a result, the aim of this study was providing the model of organizational innovation based on ethical leadership, organizational justice and organizational commitment in public universities.               

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was employees and faculty members of public university with number 1525 people, which 320 people of whom were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula and by stratified random sampling method. The research tools were the researcher-made questionnaire of organizational innovation and the standard questionnaires of ethical leadership, organizational justice and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed by factor analysis and structural equation modeling method in SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The findings showed that the factor load of all components or factors was higher than 0.60, the average variance extracted of all of them was higher than 0.50 and the reliability of all of them by Cronbach and combined methods was higher than 0.80. Also, the model of organizational innovation based on ethical leadership, organizational justice and organizational commitment in public universities had a good fit. In addition, all three variables of ethical leadership, organizational justice and organizational commitment had a direct and significant effect on organizational innovation in public universities (P<0.001).

The results indicated the effective role of ethical leadership, organizational justice and organizational commitment in organizational innovation in public universities. Therefore, to promote their organizational innovation it is possible to provide the basis for improving ethical leadership, organizational justice, and organizational commitment.

In the past two decades, migration from Iran to other countries has been the subject of critical decision-making by a considerable number of experts and professional workers in various fields. The present research has been carried out with the aim of providing a model for the formation of evidence-based policies in the field of attracting and retaining professional employees, considering the ethical components of Iran's aviation industry.               

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of survey-exploratory approach, and in terms of type, it is qualitative. The statistical population of this research was a group of experts, including university professors and experienced consultants in the field of human resources management, as well as senior managers of human resources in Iran's aviation industry, and based on the purposeful sampling method, 11 of them were selected as a statistical sample and interviewed. were placed Selection of experts and conducting interviews with them continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The approach adopted in this research to analyze the interviews was theme analysis.

A total of 11 interviews were conducted, 134 initial concepts were extracted, and after examining and putting them together and merging similar concepts, 59 final concepts were identified and led to the presentation of a model including 27 sub-themes and 9 main themes.

In the ethical and organizational dimension, factors such as organizational justice, faulty indexing in the selection process, heavy and cumbersome supervision during service, and lack of attention to meritocracy in job promotion processes are very important in keeping professional employees. From the occupational and psychological aspect, dissatisfaction compared to the international standards of the aviation industry, dissatisfaction with the career path, dissatisfaction with the social status, and the appreciation of the category of immigration in the society and the increase of the internal motivation of the aviation industry specialist employees to migrate, the increase of the practical actions of the employees Aviation industry specialist for migration, and the noticeable vacuum of knowledge and experience of aviation industry specialist employees after migration are very important in maintaining professional employees.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational health with an emphasis on ethical values ​​in Iran's airline industry.               

In terms of the purpose, the present research is in the group of developmental-applied researches, and in terms of the qualitative method, it is foundational data. The statistical population of the expert group includes expert and experienced professors in the field of management, as well as managers and experts with experience in the country's air transportation industry. The selected sample of experts in this research was non-probability sampling and based on this, 20 members of the expert group were selected. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Finally, the data was analyzed by coding method.

The results showed that 218 free codes were obtained from the interviews, then 32 core codes were extracted from open coding. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was presented by selective coding.

The results showed that causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and strategies in the organizational health model of the airline industry should include moral values ​​so that they can lead to positive outcomes in relation to customers, organizations, employees and managers. and establish social trust for the organization.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of organizational health with an emphasis on ethical values ​​in Iran's airline industry.               

In terms of the purpose, the present research is in the group of developmental-applied researches, and in terms of the qualitative method, it is foundational data. The statistical population of the expert group includes expert and experienced professors in the field of management, as well as managers and experts with experience in the country's air transportation industry. The selected sample of experts in this research was non-probability sampling and based on this, 20 members of the expert group were selected. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Finally, the data was analyzed by coding method.

The results showed that 218 free codes were obtained from the interviews, then 32 core codes were extracted from open coding. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was presented by selective coding.

The results showed that causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions and strategies in the organizational health model of the airline industry should include moral values ​​so that they can lead to positive outcomes in relation to customers, organizations, employees and managers. and establish social trust for the organization.

The development of professional ethics in knowledge-based companies for the purpose of product commercialization is one of the necessities that require attention, with the understanding of this importance; the current research aims to provide a model of professional ethics in designing and explaining the commercialization model of companies' products. In growth centers and science and technology parks.               

This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants included experts with practical experience in the field of commercialization of the products of knowledge-based companies in Sari Science and Technology Park, who were selected as key informants through the purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. The data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding, and finally, the research paradigm model was presented.

The results show that the central phenomenon of professional ethics model in commercialization The products of the companies located in Science and Technology Park include (product branding), causal conditions (company's digital transformation, advanced technology and ethical characteristics of human capital), background conditions (ethical leadership and internal organizational factors), intervening factors (government , university, support centers), strategies, (financial strategies, ethical marketing and advertising) and consequences (business success).

Professional ethics can be considered as a strategy for the commercialization of products of companies located in growth centers and science and technology parks.

Choosing the appropriate leadership method by managers, in addition to improving their performance, can improve the professional ethics of employees and, as a result, achieve organizational goals. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the leadership style of managers and the professional ethics of employees. The leadership style of managers includes the three dimensions of autocratic (commanding), democratic (participatory) and delegating (non-commanding) leadership style, and the relationship of each component in the professional ethics of the employees of this organization has been measured.               

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. The statistical population includes 100 employees of Shahrood Railway, and due to the limited number of the population, the entire statistical population was selected as the final sample of the research. The data collection tool is 30-item leadership style and 40-item professional ethics questionnaires, and the method of data analysis is Pearson's correlation test.

The three components of managers' leadership style, including autocratic, democratic and delegating leadership style, have a significant relationship with the professional ethics of employees.

By choosing the right components of the leadership style of managers, the professional ethics of employees in the organization increases.

Investigating the factors affecting organizational maturity with emphasis on knowledge management and stakeholder ethics can play an effective role in the excellence of the education system. Understanding this important study, the present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship of knowledge management on the organizational maturity of education with emphasis on the mediating role of stakeholder ethics.               

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study includes all managers, Deputies and heads of departments of education and managers of the school deputies of Mazandaran province, 338 people were selected for the study using random cluster sampling method. Three researcher-made questionnaires of knowledge management, organizational maturity and stakeholder ethics were used to collect research data. Research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model in SSPS22 and Pls statistical software.

The results showed that the relationship of knowledge management and stakeholder ethics with organizational maturity is positive and significant.

As a result, to develop the organizational maturity of education, we can pay attention to the dimensions of knowledge management and ethics of stakeholders.