فصلنامه پژوهش های نوین روانشناختی
پیاپی 72 (زمستان 1402)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion training on personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design. The statistical population of the research included mothers with exceptional children whose children were studying in one of the exceptional schools of Rafsanjan city in the academic year of 2019-2019, and their number was 320 in total. 37 mothers with exceptional children were selected through voluntary sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received self-compassion training during twelve sessions. The applied questionnaires included Personal attribution Questionnaire (Rotter, 1992) and Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Moe, 2003). The data from the study were analyzed through Covariance. The results showed that self-compassion training has significant effect on the Personal attribution (F=42.02; Eta=0.54; P<0001) and emotional well-being (F=42.32; Eta=0.56; P<0001) in mothers with exceptional children. According to the findings of the present study, self-compassion training can be used as an efficient method to improve Personal attribution and emotional well-being of mothers with exceptional children through focusing on the method of Visualizing compassion for self and others, using creative helplessness, articulating worthwhile goals, fostering compassionate behaviors, and developing intelligent behaviors.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy on the distress tolerance of women with premenstrual dysphoria. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population consisted of all women aged 25 to 40 in Sari city with premenstrual dysphoria in 2019 who were referred to psychological counseling centers by gynecologists. 45 people from this community were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned in three groups of 15 people. The research tools were: Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Compassion-based therapy was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive any intervention during the research. Mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both treatment groups focused on compassion and cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy had significant and stable effectiveness compared to the control group (P=0.001). Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P<0.05). The results indicated that psychologists and specialists can use any of these two treatments to improve distress tolerance in women with premenstrual dysphoria.

The current study scrutinizes the structural relations between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and attention deficit-hyperactivity, conduct and oppositional defiant disorders among primary school children. The sample of the study included of 533 elementary school students (aged 9-11) of Tabriz city, whom were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. Children and their parents participated in the study by filling out Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ-K-P) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results showed significant relationships between some (not all) of emotion regulation strategies with attention deficit-hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorders. Some of strategies were related with one or two of these problems, however “blaming others” and “positive reappraisal” were common strategies for the cognitive regulation of emotion in all three disorders. Significant negative and positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation about externalizing disorders, as well as pathological and therapeutic implications of these findings, and the role of these strategies in explaining attention deficit-hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorders have been discussed in the article.

Attentional bias modification therapy is an emerging therapy for anxiety disorders. it seems that this method of treatment can also reduce the desire to use drugs and cognitive bias in addicts. The aim of the present study is to determine The effectiveness of Attentional Bias Modification Therapy with combining operant conditioning on the reduction of attentional bias in Addicts treated with methadon .. The method of this research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design of three groups with follow-up. Based on the desired criteria, 60 men were randomly selected and assigned to three groups (control, modification of attention bias, modification of attention bias with reinforcement and punishment). Two experimental groups received the interventions and the control group did not receive the intervention. To measure attention bias and interventions, the dot-probe test (McLeod et al., 1986) was used at two stimulus presentation times (600 milliseconds and 200 milliseconds(. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between all three groups in the post-test and follow-up of attention bias and pre-attention bias. In addition, the comparison between the attention bias modification and the attention bias modification group with reinforcement and punishment showed that the attention bias modification group with reinforcement and punishment had less attention bias in the post-test and follow-up. The result is that attention bias modification treatment is an effective intervention, and the use of bias modification treatment with reinforcement and punishment is a more efficient intervention to reduce the bias of addicts treated with methadone

The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of positive mindfulness training on the cognitive regulation of emotion and the number of seizures in adolescents with Pseudo-epilepsy. This research was semi-experimental with a time series design of one group and no control group in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. The statistical population included adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with Pseudo-epilepsy in Isfahan City in 1401. In this research, 14 adolescents with pseudo-epilepsy were selected and divided into two groups of boys and girls (7 people in each group). These two groups received the positive mindfulness training program in 8 sessions. The questionnaire used included a demographic questionnaire to measure the number of convulsive attacks and a cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski, 2001). The statistical method was the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test and was analyzed with the SPSS-24 program. The results showed that this intervention had a significant effect on the cognitive regulation of emotion and the number of convulsive attacks (P<0.05) and was able to affect the positive strategies of cognitive regulation of emotion (F=680.23, P=0.002), the negative strategy of cognitive regulation excitement (F= 485.35, P= 0.001) and the number of convulsive attacks (F= 304.20, P= 0.001). Therefore, the positive mindfulness training program can be used as an efficient method to reduce negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the number of seizures and increase the use of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in adolescents with Pseudo-epilepsy

The purpose of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on covert relational aggression among women with marital conflicts. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all women who referred to counseling centers in Tehran city in winter year 2023. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 45 women with a score of 111 and above in the marital conflict questionnaire of Barati and Sanai (2008) were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 people) and one control group (15 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent emotion-focused couple therapy (10 sessions 90 minutes) and acceptance and commitment therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes). To collect data covert communication aggression scale of Nelson and Carroll (2006). Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software version 24 was used for data analysis. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on covert relational aggression among women with marital conflicts (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that emotion-focused couple therapy is more effective in covert relational aggression (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that emotion-focused couple therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as a treatment method to on covert relational aggression among women with marital conflicts in marital counseling centers.

Emotional divorce is one of the most common phenomena in Iran. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner on marital adjustment, emotional differentiation and intimacy in couples with emotional divorce. The research method was a semi-experimental one-group type with a time series design. From the statistical population, married couples with emotional divorce who had referred to Andisheh and Allameh Amini Centers for counseling, 16 couples (8 couples) were included in the sample group in a targeted way. The participants completed 8 sessions of couple therapy based on reality therapy in a group manner (two sessions per week), each session lasting 1.5 hours. Before the intervention, after the end and one month after the end of the intervention, the participants answered the questions of the Marital Compatibility Questionnaire, the Couple Differentiation Scale, and the Marital Intimacy Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by the repeated measures ANOVA. The results of the research showed that the intervention of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner increases marital compatibility and intimacy of couples in couples with emotional divorce. Also, the results showed that this increase continues in the follow-up phase. The results of this research didn't confirm the effectiveness of Glasser reality therapy in a group manner intervention on the emotional differentiation of couples with emotional divorce

The purpose of this study was to comparison effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and life satisfaction in patients with diabetes. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all women with type 2 diabetes in Tehran city in year 1401., With using convenience sampling method, 75 people were selected and then randomly divided into 3 groups (each group 25 people) were replaced and experimental groups underwent emotion-focused therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes) and acceptance and commitment therapy (8 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data Beck anxiety inventory of Beck and et al and satisfaction with life scale of Diener and et al. Analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that both interventions had a significant effect on improving anxiety and life satisfaction (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is more effective in anxiety and life satisfaction (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that emotion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as a treatment method to on anxiety and life satisfaction in patients with diabetes in counseling centers.

The present study aims to done investigate evaluation of the structural model for predicting early maladaptive schemas based on childhood trauma with mediating role of attachment styles in students.

The statistical population of this researcher was all students who were studying in Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2020-2021. Aaccording to convenience sampling method, 380 people was selected as samples and they were asked to fill in Young schema questionnaire – short form version 3 (YSQ-S3) of Young and Brown (2005), short form of the childhood trauma questionnaire (the CTQ-SF) of Bernstein and et al (2003) and attachment styles questionnaire (ASQ) of Hazen and Shaver (1987). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and attachment styles with early maladaptive schemas (P <0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of childhood trauma were significant through the mediating role of attachment styles on early maladaptive schemas (RMSEA=0/072, CFI=0/935, AGFI=0/968, IFI=0/911, P-value<0/05).

Proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and based on current research can be used to explain the factors affecting early maladaptive schemas and also as a suitable model for designing comprehensive programs to prevent early maladaptive schemas in students.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of therapeutic diet combined with exercise and its combined effect with the group emotion focused therapy on night eating syndrome. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all obese people suffering from overeating who referred to the obesity clinic of Sina Hospital in Tehran in 1401. The sample size of the research included 51 people (17 people in each group) who were selected by available sampling method. The research tool included night eating Questionnaire (NEQ). The control group did not receive any intervention, but both research experimental groups received diet therapy intervention with exercise during 12 sessions, and one of the experimental groups received 10 sessions of approximately 2 hours of emotion-focused therapy. Mixed variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the therapeutic diet group combined with exercise combined with emotion-focused therapy has a significant effect on night eating syndrome (P<0.05). Also, the results showed that the therapeutic diet combined with exercise has no significant effect on night eating syndrome (P<0.05). The results showed that the therapeutic regimen combined with exercise in combination with the emotion-focused therapy is probably a more efficient treatment compared to the therapeutic diet combined with exercise for the treatment of night eating syndrome in obese people with binge eating disorder.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Self-compassion-based intervention on middle-aged identity crisis and death anxiety among middle-aged people in Isfahan city. The research was conducted as a semi-experimental type using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 650 retired welfare women of Isfahan city in 2020 and the age group of 40 to 60 years, of which 30 people including two groups of 15 people were selected for the test and control groups by voluntary sampling method. Tow find Rajaee et al.'s midlife identity crisis questionnaire (1387) and Templer's death anxiety questionnaire (1970) were used to collect information. First, the midlife identity crisis and death anxiety questionnaires were administered to the groups under the same conditions. Then, an 8-session Self-compassion-based intervention course based on Gilbert's (2009) compassionate therapy theory was conducted on the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training, and after completing the post-test training sessions, mid-life identity crisis and death anxiety from two The group came into action. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance test. The results showed that self-compassion in the experimental group caused a significant reduction in middle-aged identity crisis and death anxiety. It can be concluded that Self-compassion-based intervention reduces the identity crisis in middle-aged people and helps people achieve a successful identity and reduce death anxiety.

The present study was conducted to developing a counseling package based on parent-adolescent relationship and determining its effectiveness on the quality of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment. The research method was qualitative, phenomenological, and the research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included adolescents in Isfahan in the academic year 2020-2021 who are studying in the second year of high school. In the qualitative part, the sample consisted of 19 teenagers who were purposefully selected and subjected to in-depth interviews. In the quantitative part, in this research 35 adolescent were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental and 17 in the control group). The mothers of the adolescent in the experimental group received the counseling package based on the parent-teenage relationship during 9 weeks in 9 sessions of 75 minutes. Pre-test was performed before the intervention and post-test was performed after the intervention. Two months later, the follow-up phase was carried out. The applied questionnaires in this study included Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983) and California Individual-Social Adjustment Questionnaire (Clark et al, 1953). The results showed that the counseling package based on the parent-adolescent relationship has sufficient content validity according to experts. Also, this counseling package had an impact on the quality of parent-adolescent interaction (P<0001; Eta=0.69; F=74.01) and individual (P>0001; Eta=0.59; F=47.73) and social adjustment.

The aim of this study was to developing a combined therapy package of Bowen's approach and narrative therapy based on family relationships and investigating its effectiveness on the differentiation of conflicted couples. The method of qualitative research in the study section was Bowen's approach and narrative therapy, theme analysis, and grounded theory in the section related to family relations of conflicted couples. The research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a three-stage design (pre-test-post-test and follow-up) and two groups (experimental group and control group) with a two-month follow-up period. The qualitative statistical population of the research included books, articles and theses in the field of Bowen's approach and narrative therapy, as well as experts in the field of family counseling, who examined the validity of the integrated package of Bowen's therapy and narrative therapy. The statistical population of the quantitative part also included conflicted couples who referred to counseling centers in East Tehran in the spring quarter of 2022. The samples in the qualitative part included 31 articles and books in the field of Boen's approach and narrative therapy, 8 conflicting couples, as well as 15 experts in the field of family counseling, who were selected purposefully. The sample in the quantitative part of the research included 25 conflicting couples who were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The results showed that, this treatment package had an effect on the differentiation of conflicting couples.

Depression in teenagers can severely disrupt personal and professional growth. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and compassion-based therapy on emotional repression and self-disclosure in adolescents with depression.

It was a semi-experimental research based on a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included teenagers suffering from depression who referred to the Education Counseling Center of District 5 of Tehran in 2022, and 45 people were selected by available sampling method. Randomly, they were placed in three groups: metacognitive therapy, compassion-based therapy, and control group. Experimental group 1 underwent metacognitive therapy sessions and experimental group 2 underwent compassion therapy sessions. The research tools included Beck's (1996) depression questionnaire, Larson and Justin's (1990) emotional suppression questionnaire, and Weinberger's (1971) adjustment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate covariance test.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two experimental groups and the control group (P<0.05). Also, metacognitive therapy was more effective than compassion therapy in reducing emotional suppression and self-disclosure in adolescents (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of the research, metacognitive therapy with emotional reorganization, cognitive control and tolerance led to the reduction of emotional repression and self-disclosure in adolescents with depression; Therefore, it is suggested to use these methods along with other treatment methods to improve the quality of life of teenagers suffering from depression.

Slow- Learner students are often placed in the gap between normal and special education and are forgotten, while examining the psychological characteristicsthem is essential. The current research was conducted with the aim of measuring the effect of social adequacy program on emotional intelligence, self-expression and self-efficacy of Slow-learners. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type. The statistical population included all late-learning male students of ninth grade in Ahvaz city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 50 of these students were selected by systematic random sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent the intervention of the social adequacy program for 10 sessions. To measure emotional intelligence, Golman's emotional intelligence test (1998) with a reliability of 0.852, to measure from the self-expression questionnaire of Gamberil, Riechi's self-expression questionnaire (1975) with a reliability of 0.88, and to evaluate self-efficacy from the Scherer, Maddox's general self-efficacy questionnaire (1982) was used with a reliability of 0.79. The result of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that the emotional intelligence of the research groups did not differ significantly from each other in the post-test. self-expression and self-efficacy of the experimental group increased compared to the control group after the intervention, and the two groups had a statistically significant difference (p≤0.05). As a result, the social adequacy training program can be used as an intervention method to improve self-efficacy and increase the self-expression of late learners so that they can appear in the society as independent and efficient citizens.

The present paper aims to investigate the efficiency of metacognitive therapy in improving physiological (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and psychological (depression, stress, anxiety) performance in patients with primary hypertension. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. However, the statistical population of the study included all men with primary hypertension who had visited the Shams Clinic, located in Bonab city, in the first half of 2020. The research sample consisted of 40 individuals who were selected voluntarily and then randomly assigned to 2 groups of 20 people (experimental group and control group). Furthermore, for the experimental group, metacognition therapy was held in nine sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week. Depression, anxiety, stress scale, and blood pressure measuring device were used to collect the data. multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was applied to analyze the data. The findings showed that, however, metacognitive therapy led to significant differences between groups in anxiety, stress, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure (P<0.01). In other words, metacognitive therapy led to the reduction of anxiety and stress and the improvement of physiological function (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) in the subjects of the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.01); although the difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the depression component was not significant (P>0.05). Therefore, as the results, it is suggested to apply this treatment method to improve psychological conditions and consequently reduce the physical problems of individuals with primary blood pressure

Emotional disorders affect people's mental and physical health and cause physical and mental problems and interpersonal problems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between emotional misbehavior and emotional disorder symptoms in adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all adolescents of Tehran, from among whom 530 people were selected by purposive sampling. Gratz and Romer Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire (DER-2004), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-1998), Brief Symptoms Scale (SCL-90-R-1973) were used to collect data. SPSS23 software and LISREL8.8 software were used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling showed that emotional abuse both directly and indirectly (through emotional dysregulation) affects the symptoms of emotional disorders in adolescents. The evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indices showed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.87, NFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.058). In line with McLaughlin's model, the results of this research showed that emotional abuse has an effect on the symptoms of emotional disorders in women. Also, these findings emphasize that emotional abuse causes emotional problems through emotional mechanisms.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, characterized by intense and persistent anger and irritability, causes functional problems in childhood and decreases mental health in adulthood. The present study sought to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on irritability and peer interaction self-efficacy of children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group design. The statistical population included 8-11-year-old boys with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in Isfahan in 2021-2022 and their mothers who referred to specialized child counseling centers in Isfahan. Among them, 30 children and their mothers were selected purposively and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, each comprising 15 individuals. The experimental group’s children underwent schema therapy during ten weekly sessions of 60 minutes while their mothers received the same therapy for 30 minutes each week. The data were collected by Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Scale (Shah Mohammadi et al., 1400), the Affective Reactivity Index (Stringaris et al., 2012), and the Children’s Self-efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale (Wheeler & Ladd., 1982) and analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that schema therapy significantly reduced irritability and enhanced peer interaction self-efficacy in children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (p<.05). Therefore, schema therapy can be regarded as an effective therapy for reducing irritability and increasing self-efficacy in interactions of children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of family-centered musical computer rehabilitation on repetitive movements of children with autism spectrum disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included children with autism spectrum disorder in the center of Khurshid Shahr Amol in the first six months of 2022. 30 student with autism spectrum disorder were selected through random sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 children). The experimental group received ten minute sessions of family-centered musical computer rehabilitation during ten weeks. The applied questionnaire included Autism Rating Questionnaire (Gilliam, 2014) (ARS). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed analysis of Variance and post hoc Bonferroni test via SPSS23 software. The results showed that family-centered musical computer rehabilitation has significant effect on the repetitive movements (F=44.92; Eta=0.61; P<0001) of children with autism spectrum disorder. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that family-centered musical computer rehabilitation can be used as an efficient method to decreace repetitive movements of children with autism spectrum disorder by using music and its therapeutic properties as well as using the family to deepen learning and communicate effectively with a child with autism spectrum disorder.

The present study was conducted to developing a problem solving Training package based on positive psychology and investigating its effectiveness on the social competence of students with learned helplessness. The research method was qualitative, Theme analysis according to Attride-Stirling (2001), and the research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population consisted of male and female students with learning helplessness who were studying in the first and second period of high school in the academic year of 2021-2022 in Tehran. The sample in this study included 70 students with learning helplessness who were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (36 students in the experimental group and 34 students in the control group). The students in the experimental group received the problem solving training package based on positive psychology during 12 weeks in 12 sessions of 75 minutes. The applied questionnaires in this study included social competence Questionnaire (Felner, Lease, Philips, 1990) and learned helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless, Nelson, 1988). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 software. The results showed that the problem solving training package based on positive psychology has sufficient content validity according to experts. Also, this training package had an impact on the social competence (P<0001; Eta=0.62; F=111.10) of students with learned helplessness.

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the Emotional Self-Regulation and compliance with treatment of people with coronary heart disease. the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of this study included patients with coronary heart disease referred to the heart center in Hamadan in the spring season of 2023. 27 Patient with coronary heart disease were selected through voluntarily sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (14 patients in the experimental group and 13 patients in the control group). The patients in the experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy during 8 weeks in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The applied questionnaires in this study included Emotional Self-Regulation Questionnaire (Gross, John, 2003) and Compliance with Treatment Questionnaire (Morisky et al, 2008). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated Mixed ANOVA via SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has significant effect on the emotional self-regulation (f=25.93; eta=0.51; p<0001) and compliance with treatment (f=27.24; eta=0.52; p<0001) of the people with coronary heart disease. according to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an efficient therapy to increace emotional self-regulation and decrease compliance with treatment people with coronary heart disease with through mindful activities and attitudes and addressing feelings and problem-making emotion and cognitives.

Critical thinking is a method for solving problems, based on persuasive, logical, and rational arguments, which includes examining, evaluating, and choosing the correct answer for a given task and the reasoned rejection of other alternative solutions. Special attention is paid to various things. In this regard, due to the growing tendency of students towards digital games, the importance of designing educational games in digital form with the approach of strengthening critical thinking has increased. For this purpose, in order to promote critical thinking in students, a framework based on the theory of social constructivism for designing a digital educational game has been done.Based on the review of the research background of the main components of the desired model, including needs assessment, goal setting, learner analysis, critical thinking components, critical thinking implementation levels, game principles, game elements, game genre, educational support, game quality evaluation, learner evaluation, and the feedback and sub-categories were obtained, which was used to modify and verify the model using the internal validation method. In this model, ten experts in educational games were invited for validation. This validation was approved by experts after three rounds with an agreement rate of 84%.Also, this model is categorized and summarized in the form of an extensive review of the theoretical framework, including the components of needs assessment, goal setting, learner analysis, critical thinking components, critical thinking implementation levels, game principles, game elements, game genre, educational support, evaluation of game quality. Evaluation of the learner and feedback.

The purpose of this study was to comparison of effectiveness of training based on self-regulated strategy development model and cognitive strategies training based on Englert model on mathematical performance of students with learning disorder. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all 9-11-year-old male students with specific learning disorder in Tehran city in academic year of 1400-1401. In the first stage, using convenience sampling method, 45 students were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 students) and one control group (15 students) were replaced and experimental groups underwent self-regulation strategies and cognitive strategies training (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data Colorado learning difficulties questionnaire (CLDQ) of Willcutt and et al (2011), Iran Key Math diagnostic test (IKMDT) of Knooley (1988). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni. The results of the study showed that of self-regulation strategies and cognitive strategies training in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on mathematical performance (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that self-regulation strategies is more effective in mathematical performance (P<0.05).

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in predicting suicidal thoughts with regard to personality factors and family functions among students studying in Tabriz universities. The current study is a type of correlation studies using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the universities of Tabriz city. The selected sample consisted of 240 people from among the target statistical population, who were selected by available sampling method. The research data collection tools are: Big Five Personality Factors Questionnaire, Family Performance Measurement Scale and Psychological Capitals Questionnaire, Beck Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was done using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings of the research showed that personality factors both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of psychological capital have the ability to predict suicidal thoughts, but family functioning could only directly predict suicidal thoughts. Therefore, suicidal thoughts are affected by personality factors and family functioning. Based on this, the final research model had a good fit. This finding can be used to design an intervention and a comprehensive approach to reduce psychological and self-injurious injuries in the student community.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive yoga protocol training on selective attention, response inhibition, and interference control in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all-male elementary school students in Mianeh city in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample consisted of 40 subjects selected by the multistage cluster sampling method (with Children Symptom Inventory-4 Test (CSI-4) parental form) and was randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both pre and post-test stages were evaluated with the software version of the Stroop test. The experimental group participated in 6 months of yoga training as a package (breathing programs, Asana Practice, relaxation, mental imagery, and meditation), and the control group not. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed yoga training significantly decreased "Interference number, Test time, Error number, Reaction time" and increased "True number" in the experimental group in both congruent and incongruent situations in the post-test (p <0.05).Yoga training has been effective in improving selective attention, response inhibition, and controlling interference in children with ADHD. Therefore, yoga can be used to design non-pharmacological treatments such as yoga therapy to treat children with ADHD symptoms and disorders

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on rumination and death anxiety of women with breast cancer.This research was conducted as a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all females Women aged 20 to 50 years with breast cancer in the year 1399-1400 referring to shohada hospital in Tehran city, among 30 selected by the available sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. (15 people in each group). For the experimental group, Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was performed in 8 sessions for 1 hour in each session. Data were collected through Templer's death anxiety questionnaires and Nolen Hoeksma's mental rumination scale before and after the therapeutic intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and analysis of covariance.In the experimental group, after training in cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, the mean scores of rumination and death anxiety decreased from (42.87, 11.33) to (36.93, 9.26), respectively, which was significant. (P<0.01). While in the control group, this amount before intervention (42.24, 10.73) and after (42.31, 10.80) was not significantly different (P>0.01). The results showed that cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is effective in reducing rumination and death anxiety in breast cancer patients. Therefore, this method can be used in medical centers to reduce the psychological problems of breast cancer patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a life skills training package for children and determining its effectiveness on the social skills of primary school students. The research method was qualitative, Theme analysis according to Attride-Stirling (2001), and the research method in the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was made up of 12698 primary school students of Shahrekord city in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample in this research consisted of 109 students of the first year of elementary school who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (56 students in the experimental group and 53 students in the control group). The students in the experimental group received the life skills training package during 10 weeks in 10 sessions of 75 minutes as a group. The results showed that the life skills training package has sufficient content validity according to experts. Also, this training package had an impact on the social skills (P<0001; Eta=0.65; F=196.39) of social skills of primary school students. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that the life skills training package by familiarizing students with their strengths and weaknesses, effective communication skills and empathy, emotion management, problem solving skills and creative thinking can be an efficient method to improve the social skills of primary school students be used.

This study aimed to design a self-regulated learning model in students based on academic self-efficacy and motivational beliefs with the mediating role of psychological capital. The research method was applied in objective and correlational of structural equation modeling type in data collection. The statistical population included all students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan (2011 individuals) in the academic year of 2021-2022, among whom 300 students (162 males and 138 females) were selected by systematic random sampling. The Motivational Strategies Questionnaire (MSLQ), Academic Self-regulation Questionnaire (ASRQ), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), and Student Efficacy Scale (MJSES) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling through SPSS and AMOS version 21 software. The results showed that the model fits the research data. According to the findings, the variables of academic self-efficacy, motivational beliefs and psychological capital have a direct and significant (P<0.01) effect on self-regulated learning. Also, academic self-efficacy and motivational beliefs through psychological capital have an indirect and significant effect (P<0.05) on self-regulation learning in students. Thus, the dimensions of psychological capital, by creating a platform for adaptive responses, can improve the relationship of self-efficacy and motivational beliefs with self-regulation in learning from different paths.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of marital life enrichment education based on "choice theory" and "Guttman theory" on marital satisfaction of women with marital discord. The research method was semi-experimental including two experimental groups and a control group with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included all married women with marital disputes who referred to the Tasnim counseling center in Shush city in 2022, 60 women were randomly selected in three groups of 20 (two experimental groups and one control group) ) were assigned. The data were collected using marital satisfaction index questionnaire. Repeated analysis of variance method was used to analyze the dataThe results of data analysis showed that both enrichment groups based on selection theory and Guttman's theory have a significant effect on women's marital satisfaction (p<0.01). Also, in the follow-up phase, the effect of the two methods over time was also significant, but the selection theory has more therapeutic stability both in the post-test phase and over time compared to the teachings of Guttman's theory (p<0.01). According to the results of the research, interventions based on marital life enrichment education (choice theory and Gutman theory) can be used as a therapeutic protocol by counselors and specialists

Studies have shown that wising is an important factor in many domains, including academic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to the development and validation of a scale to measure academic wising. The research was a descriptive-correlational study and the validation of the test. For this purpose, a sample of 420 students of Bu-Ali Sina University in the 2022-2023 academic year were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method and completed the academic wising scale, academic engagement questionnaire, and fear of self-compassion scale. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Examination of the data in exploratory factor analysis showed that all 18 items had acceptable factor load and the finding revealed three factors (cognitive, affective, reflective). Moreover, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale had an acceptable fit. The findings showed that academic wising was significantly correlated with academic engagement and fear of self-compassion. Moreover, the results indicated that the Cronbach's alpha of the scale were favorable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the academic wising scale has very good validity and reliability and can effectively measure academic wising in the three factors mentioned.