نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

HIV is a newly emerging disease that is unique in human history due to its rapid spread and severity of its effect, and has caused irreparable social and economic challenges to the sufferers as well as the society. Based on this, this research was conducted to study the social challenges experienced by patients with HIV. The research method is qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population includes 140 people with HIV from positive club in Tabriz, based on the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation, 16 people with HIV were selected for interview. In this research, semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. Concepts and categories obtained from the interviews showed that HIV sufferers in different ways such as; Injection, marriage with infected people who had denied their illness from the other party during marriage, or were infected through their parents, who are considered a kind of victim. In the field of treatment, some sufferers mentioned that, except for the medical staff of the Center for Behavioral Diseases, some doctors misbehave with patients due to lack of knowledge in this field or reject them in some way, and according to the rejection of the sufferers On the part of ordinary people and medical staff, due to ignorance about HIV and how it is transmitted, sufferers deny their illness, which leads to depression and isolation of patients, and according to the labels given to sufferers, they equate HIV with They know death and seek suicide.

Nowadays, poverty is one of the most important issues in human societies. The prevalence of poverty in society challenges the development process in economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions.. Poverty in urban areas, like other phenomena, is affected by various factors. In this study, using the qualitative method and Grounded Theory Strategy, the roots and consequences of poverty in urban areas of Khuzestan province (Ahvaz and Abadan) have been investigated. The participants of the present study were 46 key people including university experts, senior experts of executive bodies (provincial experts, experts of Ahwaz Facilitation Office, social experts of Ahwaz and Abadan governorates), individuals and families living in urban areas of Ahwaz and Abadan. The present study used interview technique to collect data and purposive sampling method to select cases. The interview continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. Findings showed that categories such as weak work culture and the normalization of poverty, unemployment and economic stagnation, poor support for the marginalized, weak psychological capital, lack of empowerment of marginalized people, lack of meritocracy, Asymmetric distribution of resources and feelings of discrimination and inequality, inefficiency in urban management, economic and administrative corruption, the weak demand culture of the people and the weakness of adopting a scientific approach in policy-making have all contributed to poverty. According to the results of the research, the outburst of the feeling of being deprived of capabilities was revealed as a central category from the text of the interviews.According to the findings of the research, it can be said that paying attention to strategies such as 1. Promoting work culture in the society, 2. Investing in acute and critical areas and supporting investors, 3. Paying attention to skill training in poor areas, etccan play an important role in combating poverty.

Airline industry is one of the important factors in economic, social, political and cultural development and one of the most important indicators of economic growth of any country. In addition to being the driver of other sectors of the national economy, this industry has social benefits due to its role in increasing consumer welfare and cultural development of nations. Considering the economic, social and political dimensions of this industry,This article with a pathological view of Iran's aviation industry during the last half century, tries to examine the challenges and obstacles to the development of Iran's commercial airlines industry. Based on this, the main question of the research is, how do the actors and activists of the aviation industry understand and interpret the challenges and obstacles to the development of this industry? And what do they know about its bases and reasons? The method of qualitative research was done by thematic analysis. The interviewees were selected by purposive sampling method; And in the next step, basic information was extracted using the maximum diversity method. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was done by thematic method. For this purpose, descriptive coding was done first, followed by interpretive coding. In this way, the extraction of meaning units, coding, categorization and finally access to core categories or themes of the events were done. From the analysis of the interviews, 48 concepts and 12 categories were obtained from the extracted concepts, and 4 core categories were counted among the categories. Based on the findings of the research, low strategic literacy, politicization, monopolistic globalization and Sanction of the airline industry are the most important challenges and obstacles to the development of the industry from the point of view of activists and activists of this industry.

This research has been done with the main purpose of understanding the influencing factors on lifestyle in Iranian society. The research method is qualitative and interviews were used to collect information and thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings. The methodology of this research has been carried out in terms of the purpose of exploratory research and in terms of results, according to developmental applied research. In the current research, the participants included 17 experts in the fields of management and planning of cultural affairs and communication sciences, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them after making the necessary arrangements. Purposeful sampling and snowball method were used to select the participants and the interviews were continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The results show that there are four main themes as cultural intervening factors on lifestyle in Iranian society including: 1. Economy-oriented factors, 2. attitudinal factors, 3. Civic social participations and 4. Identity-oriented factors, each of the main themes has its own sub-themes. In many cases, non-Islamic customs affect our lifestyle. Therefore, it seems necessary that the organizations in charge of culture in the field of cultural planning, especially in the field of improving the quality of lifestyle and improving cultural consumption based on local products and in accordance with the values of Iranian society, provide suitable conditions for citizens. In this regard, a set of multiple intervening factors identified in this research should be considered.

 Topic and problem:

 The present article seeks to identify the conceptual differences around the identity of the marginalized among the policies of marginalization, the views of cultural workers and activists in municipalities and neighborhood centers, and the perspective of the marginalized themselves.

Clark and Brown's thematic analysis method has been used in this research, and the data was purposefully selected from special cases, which include documents related to marginalization policies, semi-structured interviews with 48 people from the margins. Residents and 25 employees and cultural activists are located in the municipality and neighborhood hall in the 2nd, 4th, 12th, 18th and 19th districts of Tehran.

The findings show that in the marginalization policies, the identity of the marginalized is based on the two main themes of local nervousness and freedom-creativity, and in the view of employees and cultural trends, based on characteristics such as strong local solidarity. Uncertainty, disorganization, etc. are formed. But the interview with marginal residents showed that their identity is fundamentally linked with the concept of work. The solidarity of the marginal residents is a normal solidarity like anywhere else in the city, but the strong local solidarity of the marginal residents is formed when they feel that their work is threatened by a new order. Their authority is against the threat of creating uncertainty and disorder.ز

One of the topics studied by thinkers in the fields of social and behavioral sciences is the development of tools for key related concepts. Environmental culture, which arises from responsible attitudes towards the environment, is one of the key elements in the process of sustainable development of modern and developing societies. Therefore, understanding its nature depends on accurately measuring it. The aim of this study was to design and construct a tool to measure the environmental culture of citizens and estimate its reliability and validity with emphasis on the city of Bushehr.

The study method in this research is a survey and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. For this purpose, from a total statistical population, a sample of 374 citizens over 18 years of age in Bushehr were randomly selected and completed. To standardize and determine the validity and reliability of this tool, various validity tests such as factor analysis were used and for its reliability, internal coordination of items and Cronbach's alpha method were used and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software.

 Thus, the knowledge component with eigenvalue of 8.17 has the highest percentage of variance (10.76), the attitude component with eigenvalue of 4.68% of variance (6.16), the behavior component with eigenvalue of 3.97% of variance (5.22) Explain the whole. The results of the measurement model (AMOS) show that the mean root mean square residual (RMR) is 0.627, the mean square root of the estimation error (RMSEA) is 0.041, and the normal chi-square index (relative) (CMIN / DF) equal to 1.626 and the adaptive fit indices (CFI) and the economical adaptive fit index (PCFI) with values of 0.956 and 0.646 approve the model to an acceptable level.

Despite the pursuit of industrial development as a solution to various socioeconomic and sociopolitical issues such as the urgent need for reconstructing war damages in Iran, foreign debt crisis in Egypt, and population growth in both countries, statistical data shows only slight progress. The graph of the GDP growth, which is a reliable index for measuring industrial output, demonstrate numerous fluctuations as well as instability in the economic growth rate for both cases under the studied time period. Failing to diversify the economy, the state in Iran and Egypt at the end of this era, still relied heavily on the unproductive rents mostly from hydrocarbon exports. Why this is the case in spite of the national leadership putting industrial development on the agenda? I address this question through examining state capacity; focusing on the internal cohesion of state authority, as well as its relation to society. In so doing, comparative historical analysis and causal narrative method is used

the present research was written with the aim of achieving the relationship and relationship between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality in the provinces of Iran; Because the ratio of justice (= lack of inequality) and development has always been a challenging issue. While the early development economists considered any kind of orientation towards justice to be harmful to the economic system and assumed the increasing internal inequality as an inevitable result of Islamic development, but with the passage of time, it became clear that fair conditions are among the most important variables of favorable economic performance; In such a way that almost all reproductive factors of underdevelopment are rooted in neglecting the issue of social justice and unjustified inequalities.

In terms of the type of study, the current research is an explanatory research that has used a quantitative comparative method within the country in the position of testing the claim or confronting the theoretical hypotheses with the facts that they imply. In the current research, the unit of analysis and observation (province/year) and the level of analysis (Iran) with a longitudinal research design for the period 1368 to 1398 is considered.

The results and findings of this research have indicated that a significant negative linear relationship with relatively moderate intensity (beta: -0.324/sig: 0.000) has been seen between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality.

Based on the final findings of this research, it can be said that there is a kind of correspondence with Chalabi's theoretical point of view (a negative linear relationship between the two categories of socio-economic development and social inequality) and also the results of the current research with the theoretical points of view of Kuznets and Rafipour in It has been a contradiction.