فصلنامه راهبرد فرهنگ
پیاپی 63 (پاییز 1402)

This article claims that we are facing "taboo making" and not the inherent taboo of power. We have followed the issue by focusing on a familiar and close example and have shown that anti-state movements are not necessarily and exclusively derived from antagonism and may even lead to state building. Since the claims involving condemnation of power are usually based on religious and historical obstacles, we have necessarily investigated these fields in Iran and Islam.In the review of the literature denouncing power, we came across the historical theories of "Oriental tyranny", "Asian mode of production", "rentier state" and "Orientalism" which were presented on the basis of the specialization of the East, Asia and Iran, and in the recent reflections of religious studies, with theories about "The place of religion in society", "Islamic fundamentalism" and "Islamic authoritarianism". The review of these theories has confirmed the existence of an open and hidden competition in gaining power and working against it in order to eliminate possible rivals and possibly the West and modernity.

Historical individual, concepts of natural sciences, everyday collective concepts, ideal type, value relationClassics and contemporaries of sociology and social thought, in three approaches of positive, anti-positive and post-positive, have discussed and pondered the logic and structure of concepts in social sciences around these questions: What are the similarities and differences between the concepts of social sciences and the concepts of natural sciences in terms of structure, purpose and function? What are the types of social science concepts? Are the concepts of the social sciences the general concepts of the natural sciences or the individual concepts of historians? Are social science concepts value-laden or value-free? In answer to these questions, the present paper, by examining the Kantian and neo-Kantian foundations of Weber's post-positive theory, formulates the nature, structure, and conceptualization functions of the ideal type into eight interrelated propositions. This article argues negatively that the ideal type is distinct from Rickert's individual concepts, the general concepts of the natural-mathematical sciences, the classifying concepts, and the collective concepts derived from everyday life; He then argues positively that the ideal type is value-laden and of the type of formative concepts. The ideal type is an essential tool for the possibility of scientific study of social reality, understanding the meaning of action, causal analysis of social phenomena, providing and increasing conceptual accuracy, hypothesis construction guide, Reality assessment, policy evaluation and comparative study.

This article is written with the aim of examining the nature or non-existence of technology. This is one of the questions for philosophers of technology, because the practical benefit of such an issue is to change, modify and refine technology and use it properly, because if the technology has intrinsic properties or attributes, or the attributes are unchanged, it is possible to change and modify it. will not exist .By mentioning various definitions of technology and classifying them in three groups, the author defines his autonomous definition and then examines and criticizes the essentialists of technology by expressing various definitions and four meanings of the essence of technology and criticizing them, including Heidegger's definition of technology (Gestalt). Then, referring to the effects of essentialism from the point of view of others, it is concluded that in the twelve existing states (multiplication of the three definitions of technology in the four intrinsic definitions) technology has no essence. Explanatory and analytical and the method of collecting information is also library

In the sociological literature, religious congregations (such as mosques, hosseiniyehs, religious groups, home prayer meetings, etc.) are considered as one of the important sources of social capital. People with high religious capital who actively participate in religious congregations and collective rituals usually find new friends from neighbors and other co-religionists and often and most likely in They are subjected to continuous or occasional interaction with them and receive special support, which is truly considered a valuable capital for them. In the present research, first, the arguments related to the relationship between religious capital and social capital were somehow combined with each other to lead to the conclusion of a hypothesis that can be verified empirically. Then, with the analysis unit of "county" and using secondary data, the validity of the research hypothesis was experimentally tested in Iran with the within national comparative method. In the end, the findings related to the empirical test of the mentioned hypothesis showed that even when the effects of various development indicators are controlled and eliminated, religious capital can still encourage social capital in Iran.

The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors (internal and external) affecting the normalization of corruption in sports, therefore, by identifying these indicators, sports corruption is analyzed. The research community consists of 23 international experts who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on literature review and research background, 15 indicators were identified and extracted. For data analysis, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including: ANP based on DEMATEL was used. The results of the causal-disability relationships of this research showed that the indicators of the external world (8 indicators) were recognized as the influencing factors (cause). Among these, the lost paradise index, the frequency of corruption opportunities, and the low cost of participating in corruption were the most effective, respectively. Establishing a monitoring and investigation system to identify corrupt structures and limit the opportunities for corruption, adapting the crime and punishment system, trying to deal with indifference and social numbness, creating efficient educational systems to bring the society together. With the strategy of denouncing corruption, creating incentive mechanisms for whistle-blowing actions can greatly reduce the tolerance of corruption in the society and eliminate the ease of participation in corruption.

In the virtual age, printed newspapers do not attract much attention to the audience. Printed newspapers have been shaping public opinion for more than four hundred years and are still among the popular and reliable forms of media in the field of information. Maintaining this position is the main challenge of newspaper producers. In the times when virtual media are expanding rapidly, journalists are forced to change their approach to provide news and information according to the current conditions.In recent years Indian print media industry activists have succeeded in increasing their readership by 40% in addition to increasing their advertising income by 60%. Effective components and factors in increasing productivity, optimization and success of newspapers that have kept or increased their audience can be effective in this field. The purpose of this research is to investigate the functioning of these newspapers in the form of executive and operational strategies. In order to draw these strategies, using the foundation's qualitative data research method and in-depth interviews with experienced editors and reporters, their lived experiences were extracted.The statistical population of this research is the managers and editors of newspapers that are published in India. Sampling was done in a targeted manner. At the end of this research, four production, distribution, virtual and support strategies were identified as operational strategies of print newspapers in India.The owners of these media have been able to maintain their share in the media consumption market by using four strategies in the age of media and social networks.

The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model based on the components influencing investment in order to commercialize academic cultural research.The current research is in terms of practical purpose and in terms of mixed exploratory nature. In a qualitative approach, with a systematic review of studies related to the research problem, 53 factors affecting investment in the field of research were calculated in a purposeful judgmental method.Then was selected with the consensus of 17 academic experts, In a quantitative approach, in order to evaluate the identified components, the opinions of a sample of 56 managers of venture capital funds, who were randomly selected, were collected through a survey method and using a researcher-made questionnaire, and using the structural equation method. It was analyzed with the help of SPSS and LISREL software, and based on that, a conceptual model was designed and presented.The findings of the research indicate that the state of commercialization of academic research related to cultural research in Iran is not favorable, and the main reasons for this are the inconsistency of higher education research policies, strategic goals of academic research, and market structures for the consumption of cultural products.The results of the research showed that 46 components in six dimensions have an effect on the investment in the commercialization of academic cultural research; structural and managerial (11 components), specialized (9 components), research (7 components), scientific culture (6 components), commercial (8 components) and value creation (5 components).