نشریه مدیریت بر آموزش سازمان ها
سال دوازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of the recent study was to investigate the mediating role of organizational inertia and silence in the relationship between toxic leadership and teachers' job performance. The research method was descriptive-correlation with emphasis on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all primary school teachers of Mahabad city (965 people), of which 265 people participated in the research as a sample. Data collection was based on four questionnaires: Schmidt's toxic leadership, organizational silence of Vakola and Bourada, organizational inertia of Haag and Paterson's job performance. The reliability of the questionnaires was checked with Cronbach's alpha technique. The reliability of toxic leadership questionnaire was 0.879, organizational silence questionnaire was 0.866, organizational inertia questionnaire was 0.920 and job performance questionnaire was 0.932. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed based on factor loadings and AVE value. Data analysis was done using SMARTPLS software (version 4) and structural equation method. The results showed that the toxic leadership style has a negative and significant effect on teachers' job performance, but it has a positive and significant effect on organizational silence and organizational inertia (P<0.001). Also, organizational silence and organizational inertia have a negative and significant effect on teachers' job performance (P<0.05). It was also found that the variables of organizational silence and organizational inertia have a mediating role according to the effect of toxic leadership style on teachers' job performance (P≤0.05 and t-value >1.96).

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of crab mentality syndrome and the glass ceiling phenomenon on the career success and happiness at work with the mediation of turnover intention from the perspective of female secondary school teachers in Shiraz. In terms of purpose, the current research was applied and according to the method of data collection, it was as a descriptive-correlational type of research. The statistical population included first and second secondary teachers of Shiraz city in the academic year of 2023, and 190 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. Questionnaires of crab mentality, glass ceiling, turnover intentions, career success and happiness at work was used as a research tool. The validity of the questionnaires was verified using the content method. The reliability of the measures was examined with Cronbach's alpha test of crab mentality (0.93), glass ceiling (0.70), turnover intentions (0.91), career success (0.84) and happiness at work (0.82). After calculating the reliability of the tools, the data were analyzed using statistical methods of correlation and path analysis using SPSS and LISREL software. The findings showed that crab mentality syndrome and the glass ceiling phenomenon have a direct, negative and significant effect on the success and happiness at work of female teachers. Crab mentality syndrome and the glass ceiling phenomenon with the mediation of turnover intention have an indirect, negative and significant effect on the success and happiness at work of female teachers.

With the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, holding online courses for education became inevitable, and universities and organizations started offering web-based courses. The aim of the current research is the effect of employees' online perceptions on the results of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic, with the role of mediating variables of satisfaction with online courses and readiness for online learning, and the moderating variable of teacher's readiness to teach online in the prisons organization of southeast Fars province. Using Cochran's formula and random sampling method, the sample members were selected. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data. The type of correlational research and the strategy used is survey. The results of structural equation model analysis in Smart PLS software showed that online learning perception has an effect on online learning readiness, satisfaction with online courses and online learning results. Online learning readiness and satisfaction with online courses have an effect on online learning results. Online learning readiness and online course satisfaction have a mediating role in the relationship between online learning perceptions and online learning outcomes. Finally, the moderating effect of instructor preparation for online teaching was rejected. This research considers the necessity of designing and implementing an online learning system, a system that can meet the educational needs of employees and the goals of the organization by focusing on theory and practice aspects.

Paying attention to the importance of interactions in mathematics class in secondary school and since algebraic and non-algebraic concepts in secondary school mathematics books are the basis for learning mathematical concepts in future courses such as university, paying attention to efficient teaching of algebraic and non-algebraic concepts in various economic sciences, industrial and ... can be used. Therefore, the researcher was investigating the effectiveness of the implementation of the combined jigsaw model with problem design compared to the traditional method in learning the concept of algebraic, rational and dumb equations of eleventh grade female students in the field of mathematics and physics. Using the semi-experimental method, traditional model and jigsaw-based teaching along with problem posing were implemented in two groups for 15 sessions of 50 minutes. The statistical population was two secondary schools for girls in a city from Tehran province in 2022-2023, where 66 female students (32 people and 34 people in control and experiment groups respectively) were selected using available sampling method. The data were collected before and after the traditional and new approach based on the researcher's mathematical test. The t-test and qualitative analysis showed that the implementation of the combined jigsaw pattern with problem design is more effective than the traditional method in learning the concept of algebraic, rational and dumb equations of the 11th grade female students in the field of mathematics and physics in Shahre Rey. Based on jigsaw teaching with problem design, courses should be held so that, based on teachers' knowledge, educational strategies will be presented through mutual thinking among teachers in the field of middle school math teaching and presented as a plan.

The present study was conducted with the aim of structural analysis of the relationship between managers' knowledge-based leadership and knowledge transfer motivation, relying on the mediating role of organizational learning culture and knowledge transfer climate. This research is practical in terms of purpose and nature, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive of the correlation type based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the teachers and employees of the Department of Education of the 1st and 2nd districts of Urmia city, numbering 500 people, and using the simple random sampling method, 245 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula.To measure the variables of the research, the standard questionnaires of knowledge-based leadership, organizational learning culture, knowledge transfer climate, and knowledge transfer motivation were used. The face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaires were confirmed, and the reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method as 0.79, 0.87, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. The method of data analysis was carried out on two descriptive and inferential levels, which was implemented through SPSS version 25 and Lisrel software. The results show that between knowledge-based leadership and organizational learning culture (β=0.31), knowledge-based leadership and knowledge transfer climate (β=0.43), organizational learning culture and knowledge transfer motivation (β=0.25), transfer climate Knowledge and knowledge transfer motivation (β=0.86), knowledge-based leadership and knowledge transfer motivation have a positive causal relationship (β=0.39). In addition, the mediating role test also showed that organizational learning culture (β=0.08) and knowledge transfer climate (β=0.37). They play a positive mediating role in the causal relationship between knowledge-based leadership and knowledge transfer motivation.

The professional development of university managers is one of the important tools to achieve superior educational, research, cultural, and technological quality, which directly and indirectly increases the productivity and development of human resources. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the concepts and categories related to the process of professional development of managers at Farhangian University. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is the type of qualitative research, which has been completed based on the foundation's data theory (systematic design). The statistical population included managers of regions one, two, and nine of Farhangian University, the purposeful and snowball sampling method continued until the data reached theoretical saturation using semi-structured interviews with 18 members of the sample. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews and validated by participants’ review and expert judgment. The results of data analysis during three stages, open, central and selective coding was indicate of 13 general categories, which in the framework of the Paradigmatic model in the form of six inclusive classes include: causal conditions (internal and external motivations); the central phenomenon (participation in professional learning); Professional growth strategies (individual, collaborative and educational); contextual conditions (duration, educational content and managerial competencies); Intervening conditions (individual and personality factors, organizational factors) and consequences (failure to meet expectations, change in knowledge and attitude, development of performance and transfer of learning) reflect the process of professional growth of managers at Farhangian University. The results of this research can provide a model for policymakers, planners, and agents of the educational system at Farhangian University and higher education institutions in order to improve the quality of education and make changes and review the professional development of managers.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the pathology of education outsourcing in Kardanesh conservatories in Gilan province. This research has been carried out in terms of practical purpose and descriptive phenomenological qualitative research method. The research community consists of all the managers, technical-skill assistants and students of vocational schools of Gilan province in 1401. From among them, 16 directors and vice presidents and 30 students were selected in a targeted manner. The tool of this research was a semi-structured interview. The data was processed using the seven-step Colaizzi method, and in order to validate the qualitative data and interviews, the last step of the Colaizzi method and Lincoln and Guba (1985) criteria were used. The findings showed the extraction of 4 themes for employees and 6 themes for students. The themes extracted from the staff interview included "damages related to outsourcing centers", "damages related to the quality of education", "damages related to the education department" and "damages related to schools". Also, "problems of school location and facilities", "educational problems", "problems related to compliance with order", "problems related to safety", "problems related to non-compliance with financial rules" and "problems related to the distance to the school" are topics at hand. They came from interviews with students. It is recommended to implement the necessary standards for the selection of centers providing outsourcing services, continuous and accurate monitoring of their activities, and the use of the experiences of conservatory staff and students involved in outsourcing in order to alleviate the existing challenges.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between computer literacy and the feeling of psychological security and satisfaction with virtual education in the students of Payam Noor University in Isfahan province. The research method used is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes all undergraduate students of Payam Noor University of Isfahan who studied in the academic years of 1400-1401 and used virtual education based on the learning management system (LMS). A number of 415 students from this community were selected using available sampling method and were exposed to three standard questionnaires for measuring computer literacy, satisfaction questionnaire for virtual education and psychological security questionnaire through the online response link. The validity and reliability of these questionnaires are confirmed. In the present study, the construct validity of the questionnaires was investigated through factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha test was also used to measure the reliability, and the reliability of the questionnaires was estimated to be 0.84, 0.94 and 0.87, respectively. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between computer literacy and the degree of psychological security and satisfaction with virtual education, and computer literacy is an important variable in predicting the feeling of psychological security and satisfaction with virtual education, which means that students who have higher computer literacy had, the satisfaction of virtual education is more in them, as well as the students who had higher literacy; The level of psychological security is higher in them. Also, there is a significant multiple direct relationship between computer literacy and the satisfaction components of virtual education, and the satisfaction components of virtual education can be predicted through computer literacy. In such a way that students with high computer literacy were at a higher level than other students in terms of information retrieval skills, access to electronic resources, independent learning ability, and the use of necessary tools and facilities in the context of virtual education.

The aim of this research was to to Measuring social accountability of elementary schools in Urmia. The study is a cross-sectional survey based on the applied purpose and from the perspective of data collection. The statistical population of the study was all 2329 elementary school teachers in Urmia who were selected as a statistical sample using one-stage cluster sampling and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. For the content validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of professors in the field of educational sciences were used and the validity of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.95. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS28 and PLS3 software were used to analyze the data.The results showed that the social accountability of elementary schools has six components: the consequences of social accountability, the culture of society and schools, moral school and citizenship awareness, the school's attention to the needs of society and the demands of the people, the rules of social accountability of schools and the welfare of society and teachers. May these components be at a desirable level in elementary schools in Urmia. The ranking of social accountability components of elementary schools in Urmia is different and the component of social accountability consequences has the highest rank and the component of welfare status of society and teachers has the lowest rank.

Examining the quality of content knowledge of math teachers' pedagogy can be a way to evaluate the quality of their teaching in different areas of mathematics. Since the purpose of this research was mathematical topics and the field defined in the field of proof and its knowledge, it seems necessary to check the quality of pedagogical content knowledge and proof knowledge among mathematics teachers. Mathematics teachers in secondary school encounter some topics in mathematics textbooks that require sufficient knowledge in the field of proof. Knowledge of proof at an appropriate level can solve the challenges of students in the field of mathematical reasoning. The current research was carried out based on the survey method, relying on standardization. In this research, relying on relevant backgrounds in the field of pedagogical content knowledge and knowledge of proof, components were considered. The statistical population consisted of 420 male and female mathematics teachers working in the first and second year of high school in government and non-government schools in the south, southeast and west cities of Tehran province, including the cities of Pishva, Pakdasht, Qarchak, and Kahrizak, Varamin and Rey from Tehran province in the academic year 2022-2023 has been considered. Two haundred people were selected by quasi-cluster sampling and sampling based on Krejcie & Morgan table. A questionnaire was designed and built based on the research of Kadarisma et al. (2019) & Lesseig (2016). After checking the content validity with the CVR method and its reliability, an exploratory factor analysis was performed on the items and the separation of the components of the questionnaire. Finally, based on exploratory factor analysis, 30 items with five components were designed and standardized to evaluate the pedagogical content knowledge with an emphasis on proof knowledge of secondary school mathematics teachers.