فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 31 (پاییز 1402)

Unhealthy lifestyle is an important risk factor for human well-being. Inactivity is an inappropriate lifestyle that is associated with anxiety and depression disorders. In recent years, the prevalence of inactive behaviors has increased. Several factors are involved in the increase of such behaviors. Physical elements are one of these factors. Despite the extent of the health risks of inactive behavior and the increased mortality caused by it, limited studies have been conducted to show the relationship between physical characteristics and inactive behaviors. So far, no study has been conducted on this issue in Iran. Therefore, this research aims to examine the relationship and effect of physical drivers on inactive behavior. The statistical population of this research included the residents of district 3 of Sari city and 380 people were selected as sample size. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approach. For data analysis, SPSS and GIS software and statistical methods of Phi coefficient test and multivariate linear regression were used. The findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between physical indicators and active behaviors, and the intensity of the relationship is high in most indicators. Among the variables, sidewalks (0.484), the infrastructure development related to green spaces along the pedestrian paths (0.391) and diversity of land-uses (0.378) had the greatest effect on reducing inactive behavior.

Theoretically, methodologically and empirically, the process of regional development in Iran shows that most top-down planning and policy theories have not been able to guide regional development as it should be. Adopting such approaches not only did not reduce the inequality, but also destroyed the internal natural-ecological and socio-economic structures of the regions. The reflection of these attitudes in the framework of the functions of the planning and policy-making system has caused spatial inequality and imbalance at the regional and national levels in the past few decades. Such conditions can be seen in the entire spatial extent of the country, including in the central part of Tunkabon township. The present study has analyzed the level of spatial integration of the settlement system in the central part of Tunkabon using the network analysis method. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the method. The statistical population includes all urban and rural settlements in the central part. The data on the flow of people, goods and services, products and capital have been collected by documentary and field methods (questionnaire) and analyzed with Nodexl, Usinet and GIS tools. The results of the quantitative and qualitative investigations of the flows of people, goods and services, capital and products show that the settlement network and its spatial pattern have moved away from its initial state, which was concentrated in one or two settlements, towards the pattern of decentralized development. In this process, the functional complementarity relations of cities and villages are emerging in the settlement pattern of the studied geographical territory.

Science and Technology Parks play an important role in the scientific development of the country. The physical environment of these parks in two areas of architecture and urban planning should be designed with the aim of improving the efficiency of employees. The purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between urban factors (spatial structure and quality of open space) and physical architectural factors in science and technology parks on employee productivity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The scope of the study includes "Alborz Science and Technology Park" and "Communication and Information Technology Science and Technology Park". Data collection was done with a questionnaire, and the statistical sample included 226 employees of companies operating in these two parks. According to Vischer's (2007) model, architectural environmental variables were divided into three groups: "physical", "functional" and "psychological". These variables were ranked using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To understand the spatial structure, the space layout method was used in the UCL.Depthmap.10 software environment. Measuring the quality of the urban environment was also done through the researcher's questionnaire. In the inferential analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis using "partial least squares" method were used. The findings of the research showed that most of the factors of Vischer's model have a greater effect on productivity than urban factors from the point of view of employees. But these architectural variables do not express all the effects, so that the impact of spatial structure on employee productivity is less than "physical factors", but more than "functional factors". Also, under the variables of spatial structure, the effect of "Unity", "Depth" and "Connection" variables on productivity was not equal.

Improving the quality and living conditions of dysfunctional and inefficient urban tissues requires strategies appropriate to the condition and characteristics of each tissue. In the current research, the existing condition of the ineffective tissues of Neishabur city has been examined and compared from the physical aspect. These tissues have been studied in two separate categories, including middle tissue (historical) and marginal tissue. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The current situation has been analyzed and evaluated using the SWOT technique. Priority intervention strategies in context have been determined using experts' opinions. ACCEPT method and experts' opinions have been used to identify priority regeneration strategies. In the middle (historical) texture, seven strategies and in the marginal context four strategies have been determined as priorities. According to the desirability score, in the middle context, "activation of historical, cultural and religious resources and services of tourism in the context and around the existing elements", and in the marginal texture, "encouraging residents to document properties and units and providing facilities have been determined as the most important priorities of the physical dimension. The results show that the conditions of the dysfunctional tissues of Neishabur are different from each other in terms of the situation in the middle (and historical) and marginal tissues, and therefore it is necessary to adopt regeneration strategies that are appropriate to the conditions in each tissue.

It is essential to pay attention to the changing needs and demands of users in residential units. The possibility of adapting the space to new conditions depends on the degree of flexibility that can be effective in environmental sustainability. The highest degree of flexibility of interior spaces is provided when they have the necessary light and radiant energy and their energy consumption is reduced to the level of thermal comfort. Therefore, flexible buildings are shallow in plan (between 9-13 meters). It seems that one of the solutions for providing the required radiant energy and establishing thermal comfort in residential apartments is to use the yard. Considering that the development component is one of the most appropriate methods of establishing flexibility in housing, the expansion of the inner space of the apartment in the courtyard is suggested as a model of flexible housing. In order to provide a developable pattern along with the improvement of environmental components, the location and orientation of the courtyard of the apartment units in Hamedan city was chosen in a cold climate. For this purpose, in the models of expandable units, first the optimal orientation of the building and then the appropriate location of the yard in the apartment units have been simulated by Energy Plus software. To provide the best developable model, yards with optimal direction and position were compared before and after development. Along with a 15% increase in infrastructure, a 57% decrease in yard area and a 5% per capita decrease in energy consumption along with a 6% per capita decrease in thermal comfort were obtained. Therefore, expandability in the presented model has been associated with increasing climate efficiency.

In recent years, due to the growth of the elderly population, the concept of an elderly-friendly city has become one of the most basic concepts in urban planning. In the elderly-friendly city, several tools and solutions have been considered to measure and optimize urban and social structures, especially by the World Health Organization. This organization has presented a set of eight indicators to measure the status of an elderly-friendly city in metropolitan cities. Many researches have been conducted in different cities of the world according to these indicators, and in this research, the transportation index of the eight indicators of the elderly-friendly city with ten main components has been examined in the metropolis of Mashhad. The research method is descriptive analytical with survey technique. The statistical population includes the elderly of Mashhad metropolis, whose samples were randomly selected from two areas: district one (high-income) and district three (low-income). The research data has been collected using the standard questionnaires of the World Health Organization. The results of the research show that the components of abundance of public transportation, quality of public transportation, driving conditions, safety and information in public transportation have a significant difference with the average standard. On the other hand, the investigated components are ranked in terms of importance for the elderly. Then, the status of the implementation of the transportation index components in the elderly-friendly city in urban projects has been investigated. In creating the target community, urban managers were involved in urban planning in the last five years. Data were collected and analyzed by random sampling from 40 managers using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of this analysis indicate that in recent urban projects, no attention has been paid to the ten components of the elderly-friendly city transportation index.

Cityscape is the first visual characteristic of a city, which is the result of spatial interactions between land-uses and urban activities. According to the experiences of urban science, an unfavorable urban landscape has a negative impact on all internal processes of the city in the short term, and in the long term, it causes the instability of urban development in various dimensions. Since the structural factors are one of the most important options that form the facade and landscape of the city, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of structural-physical factors on the quality of the landscape of Babol city. The present research is done in the central part of Babol city by descriptive-analytical method and data were collected by field methods and questionnaire. SPSS software and Regression method were used for statistical analysis. The results show that the urban landscape of Babol is not in a favorable condition in terms of structural-physical components. On the other hand, indicators such as "access to urban services and facilities and open and green spaces", and "pedestrian and bicycle performance" have respectively had the greatest and least impact on the degree of desirability of the quality of the urban landscape of Babol.

Visual factors in night landscape lighting can convey cultural and identity concepts in the form of signs. These visual signs can be called "cultural signs" in the night landscape. The principles and rules of native aesthetics of every city as a cultural identity in the form of a tool can be a model and framework for giving identity to the city through the lighting of the night landscape. The present research aims to achieve a model in the aesthetics of the urban nightscape that emphasizes cultural identity. This research can be considered as one of the development and applied research that is done with qualitative and descriptive methods. The desired variables of this research are qualitative and are measured through the reasoning of the relationship between them. The samples of the night scenery of Lyon, Sydney, Rotterdam, and Helsinki are examined. In all examples, a dimension of culture has been emphasized in the night scene. The findings of the research showed that paying attention to the cultural aspects of the night scene, along with paying attention to the aspects of visual beauty, are the secrets to improving the success of these examples. A cultural symbol is a tool that facilitates mental aesthetic practices, which will be able to emerge through the objective manifestations of the aesthetics of the night landscape. The results showed that the identity landscape is the outcome of combining subjective and objective factors, and if the aesthetics of the objective factors of the night landscape are designed and illuminated based on the extract of cultural aesthetics, the sense of identity in the night landscape should be continued.