مجله حقوق کودک
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1402)

Simon de Beauvoir believes that due to the problems and sufferings that women suffer due to pregnancy, childbirth and motherhood, it is necessary to enjoy special and special rights in this matter, including the right to freedom of reproduction and Abortion is. The purpose of this research is to review and criticize de Beauvoir's opinions on the issue of freedom of abortion and reproduction. This issue is important because it is related to the most vulnerable layer, the fetus, and also has a direct impact on the preservation of the future generation.

This research was written using documents and library resources and descriptive and analytical method.

The findings indicate that de Beauvoir considers the woman's right to choose and decide on pregnancy or abortion and also considers this issue as a way to free women from gender oppression.

De Beauvoir considers abortion as one of the examples of freedom of reproduction and a step towards liberating women from patriarchy, but as stated in the review and analysis, women cannot ignore the responsibilities and consequences of their actions regarding the fetus, which has inherent human dignity. The right to abortion under the pretext of a woman's freedom requires the negation of her duties and responsibilities as a mother.

Since until now, despite the attention and studies regarding the phenomenon of "working children", their condition has not improved, in this research, we intend to recover the strengths and weaknesses of the researches and make suggestions with a qualitative approach and with a systematic review method of the studies that have been written so far in this field. We should evaluate the application presented by them in order to determine how much they have been effective in improving the condition of working children and finally provide practical suggestions.

For this purpose, after searching the databases and finding studies related to the subject of working children, 20 study titles were included in the systematic review process.

The results show: 1. With the passage of time, the problem of working children has increased and this issue has become more critical; 2. The most root cause of parents' tendency to force their children to work is economic poverty; 3. In Iranian laws, there are enough laws to protect children. But the implementation of the laws has not been achieved in practice; 4. The role of the private sector and non-governmental organizations in communicating with working children, informing families and providing financial support to families is very prominent.

Summarizing the results of the research and the presented solutions show that the measures to solve the problem of working children are divided into two categories: First, the structural and macro measures that are only in the area of the responsibilities of the public sector and so far have not been successful in fulfilling these responsibilities, and even the executive guarantee for the laws They have not considered the approvals and this issue has made the laws in this field ineffective. Second, measures related to the middle and small levels, which the private sector has been very active in this field so far and have achieved success. Finally, the public sector should put more effort in creating macroeconomic and regional infrastructures and monitoring the correct implementation of child labor laws. In dynamic Islamic jurisprudence, the laws related to guardianship and guardianship of children by fathers should be reviewed and the powers of guardians should be limited.

Approximately 23% of teenagers worldwide live with parents suffering from mental illness. These teenagers often bear the burden of the family and are often more involved with their parents than they are well-being. These teenagers believe that their family is not "normal" due to their parents' psychiatric disorder. The stigma of the presence of mentally ill parents can even affect the future vitality of these people and overshadow aspects of their personal lives and lead to isolation and severe communication limitations. Although research on the children of parents with mental illness is growing, few researchers have investigated the experience of parental mental illness stigma in adolescents. Hence, this study uses an interpretive phenomenological method to answer the study question about The meaning of the stigma of parental psychiatric disorder will be done from the perspective of adolescents.

This research is hermeneutic phenomenology. A study on 13 teenagers whose parents had psychiatric disorders. They were selected by purpose-based sampling. In this study, unstructured interviews were used to collect data and the data analysis process was interpretive phenomenology.

"Hellish life" is the main theme of the phenomenon under study, which includes three sub-themes of "childlike parent", "lonely cocoon" and "one step to death" and their supporting common meanings.

Growing up with mentally ill parents can have a negative effect on children. The results of this study can help shape interventions and policies to combat and prevent stigmatization of these children.

Along with the advancement of technology and unlimited introduction of computer games around the world, these games quickly opened their place among children and teenagers. The scope and extent of using this phenomenon is such that you can find less children and teenagers who Do not play computer games. Also, in many parts of the city, in parallel with the people's welcome, clubs related to these games have become popular and for more benefit, the most up-to-date games are provided to children and teenagers regardless of this issue. They give age group ratings. Most parents have passively submitted to this situation without worrying about the destructive effects of this commercial-emotional product and have included such activities in their children's extra programs. This article is done to analyze the pathology of the discussed games on the behavior of children and teenagers and at the same time, according to the research and the relevant statistical results, it lists its harmful aspects with targeted software. The prospect of war follows this theme.

This research was written using documents and library resources and descriptive and analytical method.

Based on the studies, it can be said that strengthening the sense of aggression in the mind and psyche of the users, which is observed in many violent games, gradually and unconsciously leads to their belligerence in their behavior and urges them to do abnormal actions in the long term. In playing the game, children and teenagers kill the predetermined goals and destroy the environment around the game by using the game tools.

The results of the research indicate that the addiction of children and teenagers to computer games, especially violent games, can cause deep damage to their psyche and develop a militant, destructive and criminal character in them.