نشریه علوم و فنون مدیریت اطلاعات
سال نهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 33، زمستان 1402)

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between scientific cooperation in and citations to the international patents of the Persian Gulf countries issued in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database.
This research was conducted with a descriptive method and a scientometric approach. The statistical population of the research consisted of 8182 patents issued in the USPTO database. In the second stage of the research, the titles of patents were searched in the Web of Science (WoS) citation database to analyze their citations. In order to obtain the number of citations from scientific documents to each patent, the title of each patent was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection in the section entitled “Cited Reference Search”. Then, the number of citations of scientific documents to patents was collected. The Microsoft Excel software was used to analyze the amount of cooperation in patent licenses.
The results showed that only 841 granted patents out of 8182 patents registered in the Persian Gulf countries have been cited by scientific documents in WoS and received a total of 2496 citations. The research findings related to the number of patent licenses in the Persian Gulf countries based on the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) subjects show that the highest number of patent licenses is related to the category (G = Physics) with a number of 1717 patents; and the lowest number of patent licenses concerns to the category (D = textiles and paper) with 24 licenses. The highest number of patents is for Saudi Arabia with 5469 patents and the lowest number of patent licenses is for Iraq with 22 patents. The findings also indicated that the highest number of single inventor patents is for Saudi Arabia in the category G (Physics) with 288 patents, and the lowest number of patents based on the subject categories is for Iraq with 11 patents. Also, the highest rate of patents granted with more than one inventor is for Saudi Arabia in the subject category of chemistry and materials engineering (C) with a number of 4114 patents, and again the lowest rate of patents granted is for Iraq with a number of 11 patents.
Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that only a small number of patents registered by the Persian Gulf countries in the USPTO database have received citations from the scientific documents indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The results indicate that the highest level of patent cooperation within the Persian Gulf countries belongs to Saudi Arabia with 12583 inventors and the lowest level of patent cooperation belongs to Iraq with 30 inventors. In addition, the highest number of patent cooperation with countries outside the Persian Gulf belongs to the United States of America with 2198 inventors, England with 384 inventors, Germany with 333 inventors, Canada with 219 inventors, India with 203 inventors, and France with 171 inventors. According to the data obtained regarding the amount of citations received by single-inventor patents and multiple-inventor patents, using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the significance level of the data showed a less than five percent difference. Therefore, the difference in ranks is significant, and the test results indicate that multi-inventor patents have received more citations than single-inventor patents in subject categories.

The present study aimed to develop a standardized assessment tool for measuring the data literacy of postgraduate students using a descriptive survey method.
To develop the initial questionnaire for assessing students' opinions and to create the final data literacy assessment tool, we reviewed relevant sources on students' qualifications and competencies in data literacy. We extracted the most important information from these sources. In the next step, the designed questions were given to professors in the Knowledge and Information Science departments and other experts to measure formal and content validity. After obtaining the minimum content validity indicators for the initial questionnaire, it was distributed to 27 students from the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology to assess its reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated for this initial questionnaire was 0.91. After ensuring the questions met the minimum content validity indicators and checking their reliability index, the assessment tool was developed based on the opinions of graduate students. The questionnaire was then administered to 363 post-graduate students at the University of Tabriz, who were selected using stratified random sampling. The exploratory factor analysis test was used to analyze the data and identify important and essential dimensions of the data literacy assessment tool.
The results of the factor analysis of the research data were used to design and validate the data literacy assessment tool for post-graduate students. This involved reducing 20 indicators or variables to 4 factors or indicators, including: 1) understanding the data, 2) collecting, organizing, and evaluating the data, 3) analyzing and interpreting the data, and 4) ensuring data sharing complies with legal and citation issues.
This model accounts for 58% of the variance in data literacy, suggesting that the factor analysis and the variables studied are satisfactory. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this assessment tool to gauge the level of data literacy among postgraduate students.

Since it is impossible to provide a comprehensive definition, this hinders the strategy as each interpretation suggests a specific type of knowledge that only pertains to one facet of the multifaceted prism of knowledge of this phenomenon with a subjective nature. This research aims to delve beyond surface-level appearances and uncover the essence, which represents the true nature of the strategy.
This research is based on an analytic-synthetic method within the framework of a holistic view. Although the simultaneous application of inductive realism in analytics and deductive apriorism in synthesis is considered an inevitable necessity in social science research, it has often been neglected. By using the method of analysis, we challenge the internal logic of the most significant definitions chosen by thinkers. In this field, specifically between 1938 and 2021, critiques and challenges have been addressed in a casual manner. These issues have been approached from an external perspective to establish connections between components using foundational principles. A synthetic method (foundation-oriented) has been employed to reconcile apparent contradictions. This method will make it possible to go beyond the truth in its apparent meaning and reach the truth itself.
The achievement in this scientific process shows that it is not possible to present an original and complete concept of a phenomenon such as strategy within the framework of the concepts that form it. This is because knowledge based on experience (a posteriori knowledge), which results from observing external realities, relies not only on components and elements but also on custom, association, contingency, and the least certainty. It is inconceivable to achieve a totality with the characteristics of completeness and originality solely through abstraction from experience. Therefore, in addition to the three considerations raised to uncover the truth of strategy itself, which include paying attention to the scope of definitions, the extra-sensory dimension of phenomena, and the certain principles presented by Kant to find truth through the path of... Scientific understanding relies solely on principles and foundations that are absolutely necessary. These principles, due to their a priori nature, enable us to resolve the contradictions present in the real world.
From an empirical standpoint, every practical phenomenon must necessarily rely on universality, which can serve as a beacon and guide for all experimental matters, both in the past and in the future. In this way, it is evident that being content with superficial appearances and subjective perspectives hinders the pursuit of truth regarding any phenomenon, impeding deep reflection in the field of study. Hence, in the study of humanities, particularly in the field of strategy, focusing on the origin of phenomena and their inherent truth by establishing A priori principles as a guide, will not only facilitate the realization of the essence of each phenomenon but also enable the generation of original ideas and the actualization of the potential capabilities of human thought, thereby advancing the scientific domain.

In service-oriented organizations such as banks, learning, knowledge management, and digital innovation enhance the efficient utilization of the organization's available time, resources, and capabilities. The need to generate new knowledge using information technology is one of the challenges that managers face today. In the new paradigm, characterized by a competitive and knowledge-oriented environment, organizations should view innovation as an essential strategy to maintain competitiveness. Through digital innovation, new opportunities to access markets and gain competitive advantages at the national and international levels will be created. One of the challenges that organizations face today is the need to develop new knowledge based on information technology due to changes in the environment. Therefore, this research aims to determine the impact of knowledge management through organizational learning on digital innovation in Refah Bank.

This research is quantitative. A cross-sectional and hierarchical fuzzy logic approach was conducted with a sample size of 2022. The research population consisted of 9063 managers and employees from Refah Bank across the country. A simple random sampling method was used, with a sample size of 368 people. An electronic questionnaire, which incorporates the Lawson Knowledge Management Questionnaire, the short form of the Sange Organizational Learning Questionnaire, and the Kane and Ho Digital Innovation Questionnaire, draws on digital knowledge from research literature. Its validity and reliability have been confirmed, and it is utilized for data collection. Data analysis is conducted using Smart PLS 2 software, and the research's conceptual model is tested using the partial least squares technique. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method is utilized to validate and fit the research model.

The study confirms the mediating effect of organizational learning on the relationship between the dimensions of knowledge management and digital innovation. Knowledge management variables have an impact on organizational learning. Organizational learning has a significant impact on digital innovation.

According to the research findings, the acquisition, creation, sharing, and maintenance of knowledge, as well as digital knowledge, have an impact on digital innovation through organizational learning. The research results indicate that organizational learning plays a crucial role in connecting knowledge management and digital innovation. In previous research, little attention has been given to organizational learning in the context of knowledge management's impact on digital innovation. Therefore, the current research aims to address this gap. The qualitative research conducted by Di Vaio et al. in 2021 on the content of articles related to knowledge management and digital innovation indicates that there has been no research on the impact of knowledge management and digital innovation. Furthermore, there has been no governance framework to measure the impact of digital transformation and knowledge management on each other. Knowledge management, like a system, is considered an important input, with organizational learning as a key process, and digital innovation as a vital output for today's organizations. Banks can enhance their organization's digital innovations by implementing knowledge management and organizational learning systems. It is essential for the management to understand the concept of knowledge management and to support the knowledge management program through resource allocation and revising the priorities of Refah Bank. Digital innovation tools should align with the expected processes of knowledge management and organizational learning. Careful planning is essential in this case. It is suggested to establish a knowledge creation working group to reduce the influence of individual biases. It is important to prioritize the role of human resources in advancing knowledge management and to make decisions that facilitate the production, storage, and dissemination of knowledge within the organization. Banks can share knowledge by updating electronic archives of documents and through the organizational portal, software groups, proposal management systems, and thus improve employee efficiency and document knowledge. This also allows for the utilization of valuable hidden employee knowledge in future work. As a result, they achieve organizational innovation, which is considered a crucial outcome for organizations today. Other mediating variables, such as industry type, management style, organizational culture, and other factors influencing digital innovation, should be considered in future research.

Today, due to increasing significance importance using virtual reality technology, are no longer constrained by have time location when it comes to in their shopping experience. Today, with the availability of virtual reality devices, an increasing number of retailers are utilizing this interactive 3D technology to visualize their products. Simulated experiences create both real and unreal situations, eliciting a positive response from customers and influencing their purchase intentions. In the field of virtual reality adoption, numerous studies have explored the influence of theories like diffusion of innovation and use and gratification on customers' behavioral intention to use virtual reality, particularly in the tourism sector. However, these studies have overlooked the impact of significant negative factors such as perceived cost, perceived physical risk, and perceived complexity. The present study aims to investigate the factors that influence customers' behavioral intention to use virtual reality. This will be based on the theories of innovation diffusion, the theory of uses and pleasures, and the perceived value among individuals who shop through virtual networks.
The present study was conducted with a practical purpose and utilized a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the study comprised individuals who make purchases through online networks, with a focus on products that require inspection before purchase. In this study, a statistical sample of 250 has been determined due to the infinite size of the statistical population and by utilizing the relationship between Jackson and Klein. Finally, 250 people have been identified as the research sample using a non-random sampling method. In this study, a questionnaire tool was utilized to gather information, and its validity was confirmed and examined by professors. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The obtained alpha is 78%, and it has been approved. To analyze the data, SPSS and Amos software were used, employing statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-tests, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling.
The research results confirmed the presented conceptual model. The structural equations also indicated that innovation diffusion, use and gratification theories, and perceived value have a positive and significant relationship with customers' behavioral intention to use virtual reality. Based on the results obtained from the conceptual model, it is evident that use and gratification have the most significant positive impact on mental comfort, with a value of 0.57. Conversely, among the negative relationships identified, perceived complexity has the most substantial negative effect on perceived value, with a value of -0.62. Furthermore, among the variables influencing behavioral intention, perceived value has the most significant impact on behavioral intention.
The results indicate that the customer's perceived value has the most significant impact on their intention to use virtual reality technology. In this context, the greater the extent to which individuals believe that virtual reality technology can fulfill their requirements, the more probable it is that they will opt for this technology. When the perceived value of this technology surpasses customers' expectations and they realize that they receive greater value from the virtual experience compared to the cost, time, and effort invested, they will be more inclined to utilize this technology. Based on this result, it is suggested that the complexity of virtual reality technology be reduced, and all types of customer costs, including tangible and intangible costs, as well as the physical risk of the product, should be considered in the design and use of this technology to enhance the perceived value of customers toward this technology. To ensure a reliable experience, it is recommended to implement measures such as providing online support to promptly address customer inquiries and resolving issues to enhance customer trust and improve their shopping experience.

The rapid changes in the value chain have been driven by the expansion and establishment of businesses utilizing new technologies, accessing larger markets, and increasing global transaction volumes through the digitization process. The presence of a technological platform incentivizes companies to thrive in a globally competitive environment. The faster companies can adapt to the new digital environment, the fewer risks they will face in international markets, and the more secure they will be in their operations. A digitalization platform can change the strategic context, competitive structure, and behavior of a company, serving as a factor for exploiting opportunities and forming the basis of success and competitiveness for companies. The transformation of the global economy has created numerous opportunities for companies, many of which need to adapt their processes quickly and effectively to the changes. This research aims to present the digitalization platform of companies and to outline the necessary steps to understand and implement digitalization. The two components have been studied together in an integrated manner so that understanding them can facilitate the implementation of this process.
This qualitative study utilized meta-synthesis. In this context, specific research terms such as digital transformation, digital platform, digitization, and digital business were queried in databases including Emerald, ProQuest, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, Wiley, SID, Noormags, and Magiran from 2000 to 2022. The search included 673 studies. The studies were evaluated in several stages, and articles that were unrelated in terms of title, abstract, content, and research method quality were excluded from the analysis. To assess the validity of the studies and the quality of the research methods, the critical appraisal tool "CASP" was utilized, and 52 studies were included in the final analysis. Sandolwski and Barroso introduced a 7-step method for meta-synthesis, which was utilized in this research..
Based on the research conducted in this field and the identification of 97 codes, the results indicate that 16 concepts in four categories constitute the digitalization platform of companies. These concepts are grouped into four categories: competitiveness based on digitalization, digital capacity building, digitalization facilitators, and digitalization capabilities. Its radical nature stems from the fact that digitalization involves a transformation of the business model. Digitalization is not just about technology, but also about how technology is used to create value and capabilities through the process of adopting technology. It is important to clarify that the speed of digitization in companies is not determined by the type of industry, but rather by the maturity level of the companies.
In recent years, the use of digital technologies in the business world has been on the rise. This has led to increased pressure on companies to align their business strategies with technological changes, as technology continues to emerge and grow in importance. Companies across different industries are implementing various initiatives to uncover and leverage their competitive advantages. These initiatives involve transforming traditional business processes and organizational structures. With digital transformation, organizations will change more rapidly. Consequently, the environment surrounding organizations has become increasingly unstable, uncertain, and complex compared to the past, making the use of technology inevitable. The framework of digitalizing companies encompasses concepts such as cost management, enhancing innovative efficiency, competitive pressure, expanding market share, leadership through digital transformation, organizational infrastructure, communication channels and networks, digital maturity, global competition and international interactions, investment effectiveness, standardization and improvement of business processes, human resource productivity, exploration of digital trends, fostering a digital mindset, effective decision-making, and strategic digital renewal.

In recent decades, web search engines have become one of the most prominent and essential tools for accessing information in today's interconnected world. With the increasing volume of information available on the web, the demand for locating and accessing relevant and meaningful information has also risen. Traditional search engines typically retrieve results based on keyword matching and the number of similar entries in the texts. This method often leads to undesirable and irrelevant results. These problems are even more pronounced in Persian and Arabic due to the complex grammar of these languages, which is not machine-readable. The aim of this research is to review and present solutions for semantic search and retrieval of Persian and Arabic texts.

This research is a content analysis study, and the library method was used to collect data. To collect information and access the required resources, various sources were used, including scientific articles, books, theses, and reports. For collecting Persian articles, sources, and for collecting English articles, sources with publication dates from 2020 onwards were used.The content analysis method was utilized to analyze the collected data. By employing data analysis and interpretation methods, the results of previous studies were reviewed and evaluated alongside the new findings of the research. This evaluation involved identifying the issues and constraints of current semantic search engines and offering suggestions for enhancement.

In Persian and Arabic text semantic search and information retrieval research, methods based on text semantic analysis and processing using pre-trained language models, clustering algorithms like K-Means, and knowledge resources such as knowledge graphs are employed. Additionally, the dataset, the utilization of models and algorithms, and the method of semantic search and retrieval between words all influence the system's performance and accuracy. According to the findings of numerous studies, there is a wide range of methods and algorithms available for text semantic search and retrieval, each of which can produce different results. These findings demonstrate that each of the methods used has the ability to retrieve the semantic meaning of texts and varies in terms of search accuracy capabilities. An examination of the research findings reveals that some methods outperform others. These methods demonstrate strong semantic search capabilities by employing various techniques and algorithms such as topic analysis, neural networks, vector representations, and more. On the other hand, the appropriate method should be chosen based on the nature of the problem and the characteristics of the data. Each problem and dataset may have its own unique requirements. Selecting the best method and adjusting its parameters is critical for optimal performance.

Each of the presented methods offers unique solutions for the issues and linguistic characteristics of the two languages, Persian and Arabic. Additionally, various methods utilizepre-trained language models like BERT, clustering algorithms such as K-Means, and knowledge resource-based retrieval systems like knowledge graphs. The presented solutions also utilize specific datasets and resources for training and evaluation. The differences in the dataset and how these models and algorithms are used and configured are critical. Some methods perform information retrieval based on meaning and semantic relationships between words, while others use keyword and root-based methods. This variation in the search and retrieval method can impact the system's performance and accuracy. Each method has a different performance and accuracy in retrieving information, which is attributed to the varied ways in which models, algorithms, and data sources are utilized.

In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of a large number of smart products and services, their commercial availability, and their socio-economic impacts on the world. The use of artificial intelligence can enhance the performance of start-up businesses. Considering the role and impact of artificial intelligence in accelerating entrepreneurship and the development of start-up businesses, the aim of this research is to analyze the challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence on the development of entrepreneurship and the growth of start-up businesses.

This research employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive purpose. It utilizesin-depth semi-structured interviews to develop and validate a conceptual framework using thematic analysis method. The statistical population consists of experts and entrepreneurs in the field of start-up businesses. A total of 12 individuals were purposefully selected to participate in this study. The number of samples follows the principle of saturation. In order to ensure the validity of the research, the respondent method was utilized. A statistical sample of individuals with the necessary knowledge and expertise in the research field was selected to minimize researchers' intervention and to calculate the reliability of the double coding method. The symbol "%" has been used, which is equivalent to 79%. Considering that the reliability level is over 60%, the coding's reliability has been confirmed. It can be asserted that the reliability level of the current interview analysis is appropriate. This article offers some ideas on how to adapt opportunities and practices to emerging AI technologies, including: protecting employee data, ensuring data quality and volume, institutionalizing the appropriate training phase for learning, identifying and modifying patterns, and preventing the input of biased data.

The current research explores the role of artificial intelligence in fostering entrepreneurship and the development of start-up businesses. It discusses the significant impact of artificial intelligence on the growth of entrepreneurship and start-up businesses. Based on the results of interviews with experts and activists, the role of artificial intelligence can be categorized into two main themes: opportunities and challenges. Additionally, there are ten organizing themes that can promote entrepreneurship and business development. The study identified the convergence of technology with entrepreneurial goals, global customer orientation, job value creation, and the resilience of start-up businesses as key factors. It also highlighted five organizing themes, including the talent gap, privacy and security of entrepreneurs, continuous maintenance, and lack of integrated capabilities. Construction and fixed applications are categorized and limited. Finally, after analyzing qualitative data, a paradigm model illustrating the role of artificial intelligence in the development of entrepreneurship and start-up businesses was presented.

The world is advancing rapidly with new technologies, making it easy for organizations to make missteps. It is advisable to exercise caution when implementing artificial intelligence services. Adequate insight is necessary for the effective and efficient management of artificial intelligence systems. Today, organizations are grappling with evolving economic, technical, social, cultural, and political conditions. Their ability to survive in such competitive and complex environments depends on their agility and timely, appropriate response to these changes. In the realm of business and startups, artificial intelligence systems are designed to address these challenges and execute tasks effectively. However, their capabilities are limited. The final model of this research can be valuable for implementing and operationalizing artificial intelligence. This study minimized selection bias by employing two independent reviewers who were responsible for study selection and data extraction, and who demonstrated very high agreement in both processes. Considering the opportunities that this study presents, it will initiate an intriguing line of research through in-depth investigation, involving systematic or more targeted experimental studies.

Knowledge management is not a new issue or concept. For hundreds of years, family business owners have been passing down their knowledge to their children. Professional masters teach their craft to their students with enthusiasm, and workers exchange ideas and knowledge in the workplace. In fact, it can be said that the concept of "knowledge is power" has evolved into the idea that "sharing knowledge is power" for quite some time. Based on this, the current research aims to investigate the exchange of knowledge among teachers participating in lesson study courses and its impact on innovative teaching in Khorramabad city.
This research is applied in terms of its purpose and uses descriptive-correlative methods for data collection and structural equations for analysis. The research population consists of 180 participants who took part in lesson study courses in Khorramabad city during the academic year 2021-2022. From this population, 118 participants were randomly selected as the statistical sample for the study, using the Karjesi and Morgan table. In order to gather respondents' opinions on knowledge exchange, the questionnaires from Ouakouak et al.'s research (2021) were utilized, and Alizadeh's questionnaire (2008) was employed to measure the variable of innovative teaching. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and SmartPLS software.
The analysis of the respondents' demographic information revealed that 95 (80.51%) of the respondents were women and 23 (19.41%) were men. In terms of educational qualifications,74 people (62.71%) had a bachelor's degree, 42 people (35.59%) had a master's degree, and 2 people (1.70%) had a doctorate degree. In terms of work experience, 65 people (55.09%) had less than 10 years of experience, 26 people (22.03%) had 11 to 20 years of experience, and 27 people (22.88%) had more than 21 years of experience. The analysis of the descriptive indices of the research variables revealed that the average scores for the receiver's openness to receive knowledge, receiver's openness to share knowledge, provider's knowledge sharing behavior, the receiver's knowledge utilization,and innovative teaching are 3.878, 3.725, 4.228, 3.975, and 4.384, respectively. The results of the structural equation modeling in the research indicated that the receiver's openness to receiving knowledge had a significant effect (0.292) on the provider's knowledge sharing behavior. The value of the t-statistic is 2.428. Therefore, with 95% confidence, we can conclude that the receiver's openness to receiving has a positive and significant effect on the provider's knowledge-sharing behavior. The impact of the receiver's willingness to share knowledge on the provider's knowledge-sharing behavior has been measured at 0.407. The value of the t-statistic is 3.808. Therefore, with 95% confidence, it can be said that the acceptance rate of the receiver's openness to share knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the provider's knowledge-sharing behavior. The impact of the provider's knowledge-sharing behavior on the receiver's knowledge utilization is 0.504. The value of thet-statistic is 7.572. Therefore, with 95% confidence, it can be said that the provider's knowledge sharing behavior has a positive and significant impact on the receiver's knowledge utilization. The impact of the provider's knowledge-sharing behavior on innovative teaching is 0.397. The value of the t-statistic is 4.011. Therefore, with 95% confidence, we can conclude that the provider's knowledge sharing behavior has a positive and significant impact on innovative teaching. The impact of the receiver's utilization of knowledge on innovative teaching is 0.251. The value of the t-statistic is 2.489. Therefore, with 95% confidence, it can be concluded that the receiver's utilization of knowledge has a positive and significant impact on innovative teaching.
The findings of this study confirmed the significance of knowledge exchange and innovative teaching. Policymakers in the country's education system should be aware that the shift from "discovery-based innovation" to "learning-based innovation" requires the creation of interactive environments for generating, sharing, and utilizing employee knowledge. This is an effective approach to achieving the objectives outlined in the fundamental transformation document and fostering quality and innovation in the educational system. One of these interactive environments is lesson study courses, which can enhance the innovative behavior of employees. In fact, employees, as producers and consumers of knowledge, facilitate the process of knowledge management and play an important role in the primary processes of knowledge, namely creation, sharing, and use. Employees are the human capital of the organization and the creators of its intellectual capital. Therefore, managers should not only encourage employees to acquire the knowledge needed for innovation, but also to share their knowledge with others.

Due to the increase in competitive pressure and the development and advancement of technology, manufacturing companies today consider Industry 4.0 a fundamental and crucial issue for enhancing performance, as well as for maintaining and improving their competitive position. The purpose of this research is to investigate how knowledge management and its influencing factors affect the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the home appliance industry.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and utilizes a survey for data collection. In order to conduct the current research, 13 factors were initially identified by reviewing the research background. Using the interpretative structural modeling technique, the relationship between the identified factors was determined. Based on this analysis, the conceptual model of this research was presented. In the following study, the fit of the conceptual model was measured and investigated using the structural equation modeling approach and Smart PLS software. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect data. In order to align with the developed conceptual model, a questionnaire comprising 42 questions was designed based on the research background. It was then distributed to experts, managers, and employees in the household appliances industry using a sampling method. According to the structural equation modeling approach, the required sample size in this research is determined by the relationship 5q<n<15q. In this formula, q represents the number of questionnaire questions, and n represents the sample size. According to the 42 designed questions, 250 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 217 were returned.
The results of this research showed that organizational culture, leadership, organizational innovation, organizational structure, absorption capacity, teamwork, financial resources, compatibility of information systems, flexibility of employees, vision and strategy, performance evaluation, and providing feedback. Education and Industry 4.0 technologies have been identified as effective factors in knowledge management for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the home appliance industry of the country. The results of this research indicate that the factors influencing knowledge management in the implementation of Industry 4.0 are categorized into eight levels. Organizational culture and leadership are identified as crucial variables and form the basis of the conceptual model essential for establishing Industry 4.0 in the home appliance industry. The results of this research revealed that the variables of financial resources are at the seventh level, teamwork, organizational structure, and training at the sixth level, absorption capacity and vision and strategy at the fifth level, Industry 4.0 technologies at the fourth level, performance evaluation and providing feedback at the third level, flexibility of employees at the second level, and innovation and adaptability of information systems are placed at the first level.
The results of this study can facilitate the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the home appliance industries of the country and encourage home appliance industry managers to utilize knowledge management in Industry 4.0 more effectively.

This research aims to identify the criteria for evaluating the quality of an optimal business-welfare website for free zones, as well as the significance of these criteria. It also ranks the current websites of the country's free zones. Finally, based on the results of the research, methods are provided to enhance the quality of website services and increase user satisfaction. This includes emphasizing investment in website design and strengthening information content.
The tools in this article include a checklist questionnaire for general use and the Webqual method for evaluating website services. After establishing the theoretical background for website design and using the Fuzzy-Delphi method, the weight of each criterion was obtained using the Fuzzy-Best Worst Method (FBWM). Experts for this two-stage process were selected from website designers, front-end and back-end developers, UI designers, content producers, and network advertising experts using snowball sampling. Finally, ranking the regional websites using the FCODAS method. Due to the uncertainty and ambiguity of people's thinking, new fuzzy decision-making methods have been utilized at every stage.
The most crucial indicators for assessing the quality of a website include the relevance of the information to the website's subject, robust search engine functionality, support for various user interface environments, customer service and respectful attitude, response time to user requests, secure communication, and confidentiality of personal information. In this evaluation, the website of Chabahar Free Zone was discovered to be the best, while the free zones of Aras, Anzali, Qeshm, Kish, Mako, and Arvand were ranked next, respectively.
The advancement of technology and the high functionality of the virtual space in the welfare-commercial fields have made it clear that improving website design can lead to positive feedback in user experience. It is also an important factor in attracting domestic and foreign markets, tourism tours, and enhancing business prospects.

Nowadays, students and the scientific community are eager to improve their access to and receive support from information services. Libraries and information centers are making significant changes to keep up with this phenomenon. In the ever-changing landscape of knowledge, the role of information specialists has also evolved. Some researchers believe that the only solution available for information professionals to overcome all the problems caused by the ever-changing environment in the digital age is change management. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of managers' attitudes toward change and the development of human resources on knowledge management in university libraries.

The present research is descriptive in nature and purpose, and it employs a correlational survey approach for data collection. The research's statistical population consisted of 49 university library managers in Fars province in 2021-2022, who were selected using the census method. To collect the data, organizational change questionnaires based on ADKAR's Model (Hiatt, 2006) were utilized. These questionnaires included six components: participating in change, supporting change, not resisting, preparation for change, informing, and understanding the need for change. Additionally, Shai's (2006) human resource development model, consisting of four components (staff training, competence development, information sharing, and empowerment), and Lawson's (2003) knowledge management model, comprising six components (applying knowledge, disseminating knowledge, organizing knowledge, storing knowledge, knowledge creation, and knowledge absorption), were employed using the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by assessing both the face and content validity. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed with estimated values of 0.74, 0.81, and 0.78, respectively. To assess the normal distribution of the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted. To test the research hypotheses, the beta regression coefficient (path coefficient), the t statistic, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized with PLS software.

The research results revealed that the attitude towards change significantly impacts the development of human resources in academic libraries, with a path coefficient of 0.733 and a t-value of 7.016 at a 95% probability level. This indicates that a one standard deviation increase in the attitude towards change leads to a 0.733 standard deviation increase in the development of human resourcesin academic libraries. On the other hand, the impact of attitude toward change on knowledge management was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.746 and a t-statistic value of 254.8. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two variables is 0.735, and with a significance level of 0.00, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant correlation. Knowledge management also had a significant impact on the development of human resources, with a path coefficient of0.483 and a t-statistic value of 397.2 in the libraries under investigation. The study confirmedthe direct impact of attitude toward change on human resource development. It also found that knowledge management serves as a mediator in this relationship. Based on the data obtained, thereis a 95% probability that the impact of attitude towards change on human resources development (0.483 ´ 0.746 = 0.360) has occurred through the mediation of knowledge management.

The current research provides a new perspective on the transformation of university libraries under study. Exploring the mediating effect of knowledge management and attitude towards change, as well as its positive and direct impact on the development of human resources, can provide a suitable strategy for the advancement of university libraries. This strategy should consider new methods of delivering services to customers in accordance with national and international standards.Based on the obtained results and the confirmation of all research hypotheses, it is recommended that university library managers prioritize emphasizing the benefits of redirecting human resources development and enhancing the capabilities and skills of employees.Developing a strategy to implement change as a positive force for achieving organizational goals and objectives necessitates training and developing new skills and capabilities to enhance the knowledge of both individual employees and the organization as a whole. This will enable them to effectively participate in the implementation of new goals and reduce the challenges associated with change.

Identifying, accessing, and evaluating course content, along with the skills of extracting, reasoning, and inferring, lead to the organization and presentation of materials in teaching. The purpose of the current research is to enhance the educational content of Bruner's curriculum by incorporating information literacy skills and critical thinking.
The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and has conducted using with the comparative qualitative content analysis method, with a directional approach. Research data has been collected in six stages through the study of library documents. The validity of the current research is based on content and reliability, utilizing library texts and documents. The reliability is ensured through a detailed description of steps and information analysis, as well as the principle of verifiability by maintaining documents related to different stages of the research. Finally, the principle of accuracy is intended to convey the research results accurately and in detail.
The research findings indicated that the ability to identify information needs and analyze effectively empowers learners to respond to both typical and atypical questions within the content. The skill of obtaining the required information and the ability to infer encourage learners to engage critically with the content, prompting them to problematize and build upon previous concepts at the start of the lesson. The ability to critique and evaluate information sources, along with inferential reasoning skills, can transform content from simple to complex by presenting new concepts in a prominent and specific manner. The skill of optimal utilization of information sources and the ability of inductive reasoning are essential for learners to comprehend concepts by identifying similarities and differences, promoting practical guessing based on the content. The skill of complying with legal and ethical principles in information use, along with the skill of evaluation, fosters awareness in learners and lays the foundation for active participation, teamwork, self-direction, and independence.
Learners in the process draw based on the fourteen cases of the educational from of curriculum, integrating the skills of information literacy and thinking. This integration helps them thinking, establish connections relationships information the information in their leading leads enhanced greater understanding, learning, learning the assimilation of new achieving content concepts. new. It is suggested to enhance the educational content of Bruner's curriculum by incorporating critical thinking skills and information literacy.

The aim of this study is to validate the proposed model of knowledge management and investigate the status of knowledge management in scientometrics units of medical universities in Iran. Understanding how knowledge is created and managed, identifying the components of knowledge management within these units, determining a suitable knowledge management model for medical universities, and assessing the role of scientometrics units in knowledge management are essential.
The present study is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted using a descriptive survey. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the proposed model in the study. It included 5 knowledge management components: identification components (18 items), acquisition (11 items), application (9 items), registration (6 items), and presentation (8 items), set up in the Likert spectrum. The study community consisted of all managers and staff affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences in Iran. 164 people were identified by reviewing the websites of active scientometrics units at the medical universities in Iran. According to Morgan's table, the number of samples required was determined to be 115 by a random selection process. 84 completed questionnaires were received. Data from 84 questionnaires were analyzed, as the return rate exceeded 70%. The content validity method has been utilized to assess the validity of the questionnaire. In the present study, the questionnaire was formulated and validated based on the input of seven experts, including four faculty members and three specialists who are also authors of relevant articles. The validity of the study was also examined through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of this study was assessed using the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) method with the assistance of SPS software. The obtained reliability coefficient for the entire questionnaire was 0.949. Information analysis was conducted using structural equations and PLS software to assess model validity. Additionally, sample and bipolarized TT exams were employed to investigate the status of knowledge management components.
The proposed model of knowledge management was formulated in medical universities, encompassing five components: identification (12 items), acquisition (10 items), application (eight items), registration (five items), and presentation (seven items). The measurement model test includes a reliability test (observable variables, composite reliability, and Cronbach's alpha), a narrative test (involving convergence validity and divergent validity), and a validity test for quality, which was approved. For the knowledge management variable and the two components of identifying and acquiring knowledge, the significance level of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was greater than 0.5. Therefore, data skewness is not significant, and the data is considered to be normally distributed. Therefore, the T-test is used to examine their status. The data is not normal for the components of application, registration, and presentation of knowledge, and a two-sample test is used. The results of the single-variable t-test and the two-sample t-test showed that the knowledge management variable and the components of knowledge identification, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge application are statistically above average (score of 3). However, for the two components of registering and presenting knowledge, the results were not statistically significant and were average (score of 3). Given that knowledge management in Iranian organizations is not very well-established, most research has reported that the status of knowledge management and its components in Iranian organizations is at a moderate and inadequate level. However, the conclusion of this study indicates that the status of knowledge management components, including identifying knowledge, acquiring knowledge, and applying knowledge in the field of scientometrics, is moderately high. However, in the components of registration and presentation, the status was lower.
The proposed model of knowledge management in medical universities comprises five components: identification, acquisition, registration, application, and dissemination of knowledge. This model can serve as a reference and framework for implementation in other universities.

Advanced organizations that have embraced the knowledge-based economy should enhance their skills in knowledge creation, aggregation, and maintenance to increase their capabilities and gain a competitive advantage. Knowledge management is the structured process of collecting, securing, and managing information and knowledge within an organization. It is essential for enhancing organizational understanding of knowledge management, value production, and intellectual capital, which are crucial for maintaining competitive advantage. Today, the most significant challenge for organizations is to develop the intellectual capital necessary to understand how organizational management promotes knowledge sharing among employees and how to ensure that this knowledge contributes to the organization's success. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of intellectual capital and knowledge management on competitive advantage at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, with a focus on the mediating role of innovation.
The research method is applied for the purpose of descriptive-correlational analysis, with a focus on the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population for this research includes all managers and staff of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Based on the available information, there are 400 individuals in this population, of whom 196 were selected using Cochran's formula through simple random sampling. The tool used to collect field information in this researchis a questionnaire comprising intellectual capital questions (Kianto et al., 2010; Bantis, 1998; Subramaniam & Yondt, 2005), knowledge management (Gold et al., 2001), competitive advantage (Wu and Chen, 2012), and innovation (Harley and Hallett, 1998). The research utilized structural equation modeling as the analysis method, based on SmartPLS3 software. In this study, the content validity method is used to provide greater assurance. For this purpose, the questionnaire was distributed to specialists and experts, including a respected teacher, who were asked to provide their opinions on each question and the evaluation of the associated goal. The questionnaire was approved with some minor amendments. Cronbach's alpha method was utilized to assess the reliability of the measurement tool.
The research findings indicated that intellectual capital has a positive and significant impact on innovation, with a path coefficient of 0.304 and a t-statistic value of 4.860. Furthermore, knowledge management has a substantial and positive impact on innovation, with a path coefficient of 0.516 and a t-statistic value of 8.009. The impact of innovation on competitive advantage was confirmed, with a path coefficient of 0.370 and a t-statistic value of 4.014. The impact of knowledge management on competitive advantage has been confirmed, with a path coefficient of 0.255 and at-statistic value of 3.602. Furthermore, it was discovered that innovation serves as a mediator in the relationship between intellectual capital, knowledge management, and competitive advantage.
In order for today's organizations to survive in the new competitive and knowledge-oriented environment, they must consider innovation as a necessary strategy to effectively respond to changes. Innovation is essential for navigating the turbulent external environment and managing complexity and change within the organization. Therefore, it is important to prioritize innovation. Organizations that prioritize intellectual capital tend to be more innovative than others. This is because in such organizations, the presence and utilization of intellectual capital lead to increased knowledge acquisition, which in turn facilitates the generation of solutions. Innovation will lead to new actions and advancements in general.

Simultaneously with the developments of the 20th century and the process of globalization in the present era, information and communication technology has facilitated the emergence of a networked society. The new world has evolved into a network whose primary structure is information and electronic communication systems. The transformation of social interactions into virtual communities has led to the rise of social insecurity and new forms of crimes and misdemeanors in virtual spaces. Gradually, with the expansion of information and communication technology, especially the Internet, and subsequently the proliferation of threats and risks associated with it, the concepts of information security, information systems security, and cyber security were also developed. Just as soldiers are trained to handle various threats in war, the world of information is a real battlefield, with hackers and cyber-attacks posing significant risks. Information security experts should be equipped with the necessary skills to effectively deal with cyber-attacks, much like expert soldiers. The current applied developmental research is focused on identifying key indicators to design effective behavioral patterns for information security experts dealing with cyber threats.

In this study, a purposeful and development-oriented approach was employed, using a meta-composite and qualitative-quantitative (sequential-exploratory) method. Initially, 112 sources were selected from 270 primary sources using a library method and were the focus of the work. To identify the security components of information systems, the Barroso and Sandlowski 2007 seven-step technique was utilized, resulting in the calculation of 142 indicators from the selected documents. After clustering the indicators using RapidMiner software, the research identified 5 dimensions and 17 components. Subsequently, a two-stage Delphi method involving two groups of 15 experts was employed to evaluate the questions, value assessment, and validity. Following the completion of the qualitative phase, the study progressed to the quantitative or exploratory stage. An invitation letter and questionnaire, comprising 125 verified indicators, were then prepared and sent to 156 information security experts. And after receiving 111 complete questionnaires, which meets Cochran's requirement for a minimum statistical population size of 111 people, the questionnaire collection phase concluded, and the analysis process commenced with the assistance of SPSS and MATLAB software.

In this study, the dimension of "security threats" has the highest factor load weight of 0.983 among all other dimensions. Within the "security threats" dimension, the component of "unintentional damages" has the highest weight compared to other components. The dimension of "security vulnerabilities" follows with a factor load weight of 0.979, ranking second. The "process factors" dimension ranks third with a factor load weight of 0.975, and the "human factors" dimension also has a factor load weight of 0.975. The fourth rank is held by the dimension of "0.970," and finally, the "technical factors" dimension, with a factor loading of 0.920, ranks last among the dimensions of this research. Despite receiving the lowest score and weighting overall, the "technical factors" dimension has the highest factor load weight assigned to the components of "encryption" and "equipment," with a score of 0.978, and the lowest score assigned to the components of "monitoring" with a weight of 0.88 and "planning" with a weight of 0.84. In the following, the obtained results and prioritizations were compared with those of other studies, and the validity of the results was confirmed based on the validation and verification of the comparisons.

In general, it should be noted that, contrary to the opinion of most data-oriented companies that prioritize "technical factors" in information security, the results obtained in this study have shown that this assumption was incorrect. The importance of the behavioral patterns of information security experts has been confirmed, which is influenced by laws, organizational structure, organizational culture, and training. Finally, with the assistance of the weights assigned to the obtained components and indicators, suggestions were made to modify the behavioral patterns of information security experts after ranking and prioritizing the components and characteristics.