نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی
پیاپی 15 (پاییز 1402)

In spite of many restrictions and deprivations, the nomadic community plays a key role in providing the raw materials needed by urban and rural communities. Animal breeding, production of handicrafts, protection and protection of borders are part of the capabilities of this industrious class. According to the geographical foundations governing the country, there are many differences between different regions in terms of the capacities of the nomadic community. Benefiting from the abilities of the nomadic community depends on identifying their capacities in different areas. Therefore, the main goal of the present quantitative and applied research, which was carried out with a combination of descriptive-analytical methods, is to identify the economic and social capacities of the nomadic community of Ravansar county. The statistical population of the research includes all the nomads of Ravansar county, among them 150 people have been considered as a statistical sample. Field data was collected through a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. To analyze the data, frequency distribution table, exploratory factor analysis technique, variance analysis test and Duncan test were used in SPSS software. The results of the research showed that six key factors have been identified as the most important economic and social capacities of the nomadic society and in total they were able to explain about 64% of the variance of the dependent variable. Among these, the three most important factors are: income generation and business boom (12.289 percent), diversification of economic activity (10.765 percent) and strengthening of social capital (10.667 percent). The results of the analysis of variance test showed that the F statistic with a value of 82.598 was significant at the 0.95 percent confidence level and there is a significant difference between nomadic communities in terms of economic and social capacities. The results of Duncan's test showed that the nomadic community belonging to the two villages of Badrabad and Gorgidar have the highest and lowest economic and social capacity with an average rank of 4.657 and 3.55, respectively.

Air temperature is considered as one of the most important criteria for detecting fluctuations or changes in the climate system, which appears as a fractal phenomenon by adopting a self-similar structure in multiple time scales; Therefore, the temperature signal has a complex and non-linear structure that shows a very complex behavior in different time. In this study, the dynamic nature of daily temperature time series (1401-1329) of Khorramabad synoptic station was identified using Hurst scale-range analysis (R/S) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA2). The results of (R/S) show that there are sinusoidal fluctuations with annual and seasonal scales in the time series of air temperature. Also, three points of cross in the signal of temperature fluctuations were identified, and these fluctuations have different trends and structures around these points. On the other hand, the DFA2 results revealed that the scale profile and time series correlation have been changed due to seasonal trends. In this regard, the seasonal detrending of the data revealed that the fluctuation function increases proportionally with the increase of the time scale, which indicates the fractal nature of the temperature signal. Also, the Hurst exponent was obtained as 0.77, which indicates the existence of correlation and long-term memory in the daily air temperature signal of Khorramabad.

The branding is One of the urban management solutions for development, management and planning to achieve tourism development which, while identifying and introducing the appearance and landscape of the city, also leads to attracting tourists. Therefore, examining its various dimensions is of particular importance. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of branding in the development of tourism in the new city of Pardis. On this basis, the most important dimensions and indicators of branding were evaluated using the opinions of experts. Two methods were used to analyze the findings. This research has been compiled with a descriptive-analytical method and with an applied purpose based on library and document studies. Fuzzy AHP method was used to check the priority of the dimensions and Cocoso method was used to rank the indicators. The findings of the research show that the dimensions of environmental design, infrastructural and marketing respectively have a higher score for tourism development with branding approach. On the other hand, indicators such as public transportation facilities; entrepreneurship; protection of ethnic and cultural diversity; National and global advertising; Creating a suitable mental image of the city and management stability can be effective in the development of tourism branding in Pardis city.

Collaborative criminal policy is considered the newest trend in criminal policy .The purpose of the research is to identify the collaborative criminal policy of the police in preventing crimes in Boyin Zahra city. The data has been collected through a mixed method (qualitative/thematic survey analysis in an inductive way and quantitative/descriptive method). The type of mixed method was exploratory, in the qualitative part, purposeful sampling method was used. Based on it, 24 police experts of Qazvin and Buin Zahra were identified and after a semi-structured interview, Max Kyuda software was used to analyze the findings. Validity of the findings was done through the opinion of other experts (trinity technique) and its reliability was done through the accurate guidance of the interview process, the interpretation of convergent interviews and the opinion of experts. In the quantitative part, in order to measure the findings and to know the current situation and to prioritize the findings, a researcher-made questionnaire tool was used. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical population was determined to be 68 people according to the capacity of manpower in the city. The validity of the report has been confirmed through logical validity, construct validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha, and data analysis has been done by presenting tables and interpreting the findings with SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that the collaborative criminal policy of the police in this city consists of 9 themes of public education, cultural programs, local community influence, community-based prevention, inter-agency cooperation, restorative justice, disciplinary prevention, situational prevention and criminal prevention. The result of the research shows that in the case of synergism of the cooperative crime policy of the police based on the themes obtained, crime prevention is available in this city.

Innovation is very important in strengthening transregional networks. Innovative regional networks can establish strong connections with extra-regional networks by using the approaches of connecting rural areas. The unexpected situation around which this research was formed is that in the area of Semirom city, despite the many possibilities that exist for the formation of a regional innovative network, this region has not been able to form any network around regional innovation, including the network Achieve social innovation. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of social innovation networks with the approach of linking rural areas with trans-regional networks, the main question is that the key challenges are the barriers to the creation of innovative social networks as well as companies. What are social? This article intends to investigate the challenges of innovative rural networks by analyzing the qualitative content based on semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. The qualitative research method is exploratory based on semi-structured interviews with local officials and experts of regional planning and rural development. In data analysis, research findings were presented using the qualitative content analysis of the interviews, using the MAXQDA software. The results indicate that the rural areas of Semirom have infrastructural, managerial and economic weaknesses and the lack of participation of the people in the development of the village is also one of the important challenges, which is due to the distrust of the people towards the local officials and also the tribalism in this region. Regions have been created. In the rural areas of Semirom, it is possible to develop and create innovative social networks by using agricultural extension engineering companies that operate under the supervision of Jihad Keshavarzi, because they have a mechanism close to the social companies examined in theoretical foundations.

Tourism is a phenomenon that takes various forms with an intertwined and hidden mechanism at different times and places, and therefore has completely different effects on human societies. One of the most important ways to expand the tourism industry in a region is to know and study its climate in different months of the year and the climatic conditions of the destination is one of the most important information needed by tourists to travel and use the indicators. Different climates in different geographical areas can help to plan tourism in that area so that tourist attractions can be better used for leisure. Therefore, in this study, the climatic conditions of Piranshahr city using climatic data for a period of 30 years (1989-2018) and the use of tourism climate index (TCI) and holiday climate index (HCI) in different months of the year to determining the desired months in terms of tourism was evaluated. The results showed that both indicators are almost the same in terms of points in winter and the lowest scores of both indexes are related to this season. At the end of spring and summer, the difference between TCI and HCI index becomes apparent, so that in contrast to TCI index, the highest HCI score is observed in summer. This is due to the high values of temperature scoring in this index. In summer, they are almost similar in terms of showing the tourism situation, and the only difference is in the amount of points. In the middle and late season, autumn is almost the same situation. In general, the comparison of the two indexes showed that the TCI index a wide range of climatic conditions in terms of tourism during the year. While the HCI index shows less variability and volatility. Therefore, TCI index has a better performance than HCI index for Piranshahr climate. In general, according to the results, it was determined that the months of May, June, September and October have the most favorable climatic conditions for tourism in the city of Piranshahr.

Strategic planning is an effective tool for addressing the challenges facing the tourism industry and achieving desirable goals in the future. Without pollution and invisibility, this industry can lead to transformations in the agricultural sector, as well as economic development and growth at the city level. In this study, the strategic planning for tourism development utilizes the capabilities and advantages of the Meta-SWOT strategic model. The research approach is applied, and the method used is descriptive-analytical. Data collection is done through library research and field surveys. The Meta-SWOT model is employed to formulate development strategies, objectives, resources, capabilities, and environmental factors. The findings, reflected in the competitive map derived from the SWOT analysis, indicate that the most important competitors for Miandoab city in terms of tourism development are the cities of Bukan and Mahabad. Furthermore, in order to achieve a sustainable tourism environment in Miandoab, greater attention should be paid to the city's geographical and strategic position, as it is a more valuable, rare, and irreplaceable variable with the highest strategic fit. On the other hand, the weaknesses in macro-level policies, budget allocation, and fundamental infrastructure are the biggest obstacles for Miandoab city as a significant environmental component in achieving tourism development and a sustainable environment.

One of the major global environmental concerns in recent years is the phenomenon of global warming. Understanding the relationships between the phenomena affecting this phenomenon can be a way to reduce and control the surface temperature and prevent the formation of thermal islands.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between surface temperature intensity with variables So2, CH4, Co, O3, NO2, HCHO, H2O, PM, LST-Day as well as temporal and spatial changes of thermal islands in Tehran province. In this study, 8-day productions of Aqua satellite and Sentinel-5 data along with coding method in JavaScript language in Google Earth engine system, path analysis and statistical clustering method have been used. According to the research findings, the trend and direction of spatial changes in the thermal islands of Tehran province during the years 2022-2000 from Tehran to the surrounding cities and satellite towns have been moving and relocating.Based on the temperature similarity between the 22 urban areas, six clusters were formed by K-mean clustering method. Based on the results of the final table of path analysis using AMOS software, among the studied variables, the highest coefficient of total impact on the increase in night surface temperature was related to the daily surface temperature, water vapor and carbon monoxide, respectively. PM particles also have the highest overall impact factor in reducing the night temperature.

Transportation networks are considered fundamental infrastructures in any country and are significant in terms of economic, social, political, and environmental aspects. Freeways, as one of the vital lifeline infrastructures, can be among the essential elements of civilization and progress for any country, considering their technical and physical conditions and environmental quality. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of constructing the Khorramabad-Arak freeway on rural areas, with an emphasis on sustainable development goals. The methodology in this research is qualitative (data base theory). The samples were selected purposefully and by snowball method among local residents, workers, consulting engineers and employees in department of Roads and Urban Development. The results of this study indicate that the overall construction of the freeway has had positive economic, social, and institutional effects on neighboring villages. It has led to a reduction in vehicle consumption and fuel consumption, decreased travel distance, increased speed in the transportation of agricultural products, job creation for local people, increased job diversity in the region, enhanced safety, reduced accidents and human casualties, improved accessibility for tourists, and increased supervision by administrative forces in the area. However, in terms of environmental and agricultural aspects, the impacts of this freeway include the emission of fossil fuel gases from machinery, dust and noise pollution from vehicle and machinery activities, waste production around temporary private and labor workshops, changes in land use, deforestation, etc., which are evaluated as negative.

Social capital plays an important role in shaping social cohesion, reducing deprivation, improving the performance of inefficient government institutions, improving urban governance, and protecting local culture against social difficulties. In the formation of creative urban areas, social capital is crucial for strengthening relationships among residents, utilizing the talents and hidden capacities of citizens to achieve a better future in urban development projects. This article analyzes the effects of social capital indicators on the creation of a creative urban district in Tehran's District 11. Descriptive and analytical methods were used to discover relationships between variables and examine the impact of social capital indicators. The necessary data was collected from credible library, document, electronic resources, theses, and reputable articles. The results indicate that the social participation factor is one of the most important social capital indicators due to its greater impact, and the social cohesion criterion has the highest importance in the first priority. Furthermore, the social environment factor is one of the most sensitive social capital indicators due to its greater susceptibility than other factors and its negative D-R vector. These results can help urban planners and policy makers make decisions related to urban development and the creation of creative urban areas, as well as individuals and organizations involved in urban development.

Tourism destinations as a spatial phenomenon are an important part of the tourism system and the product of the interaction between natural-ecological and human-cultural factors. Therefore, in order to effectively use the capabilities and capacities of tourism for the sustainable development of tourism, regulating the flows Space in the form of relationships and connections is essential for the optimal spatial organization of destinations. In this regard, the analysis of the spatial organization of rural tourism destinations with the approach of network analysis and based on the attraction model was chosen as the goal of this study. The research method in this article is quantitative (descriptiveanalytical). The statistical population of the research is 73 villages of Shabstar city, which were fully investigated. The main data of the research (attractions of villages, amenities-infrastructure, and distance between villages) were collected by documentary method (referring to Cultural Heritage Department and Iran Statistics Center) and field. To analyze the distances between villages, the network analysis method in Geographical Information System (GIS) was used, and social network analysis and ucinet software were used to construct the proximity matrix with the aim of calculating the centrality analysis indicators of the rural tourism destinations of Shabstar city. The results showed that the spatial organization of Shabestar city has many centers with the spatial role of tourism. This feature has caused the spatial pattern of tourist destinations to follow the multicentered pattern. In this pattern, the villages of Nazarlu, Dizj Khalil and Amir Zikri are the most important villages with centers. As tourist destinations. Also, from the methodological aspect, the network analysis approach has good capacities for analyzing the spatial network, especially tourist destinations, so that the application of this model along with other models such as attraction, analysis of characteristics and distances of tourist destinations In a combined form, it shows a suitable potential for analyzing similar issues in research.