فهرست مطالب خدیجه احراری

The today s most concerning problem in the world is the morbidity and mortality following covid19 infection. The aim of this study is to investigate different factors and their impacts on mortality rate of covid19 patients. In this review article, recent studies from February 2019 to April 2021 were assessed using English and Persian resources. The keywords were Covid19, mortality rate, underlying diseases, and demographic factors which were investigated through PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Iran Medex, Ovid, Scopus, Scientific information database and Magi ran. At first 298 articles were collected. Then titles and abstracts were assessed. Due to inclusive, exclusive criteria, and aims of research, 51 articles were selected and entered to the study. Underlying diseases like hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity could lead to the increase of covid19 complications and mortality by weakening the immune system, producing inflammation, inducing metabolic disorders, coagulopathy, and impairing respiratory system function. Demographic factors like age, sex, race and occupation could affect mortality rate of covid19 patients due to physiologic differences, rate of contacts, and protection measures. The impact of life-style on covid19 complications and mortality and preventing measures needed for modifications could be of high-interest in the future studies.

Few women are physically active during pregnancy and few clinical trials have been carried out regarding exercise training and cardiovascular changes in pregnancy. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of regular exercise during pregnancy on heart rate and blood pressure.

In this randomized clinical trial, there were 32 healthy pregnant women in the 24- 26 weeks of gestational age in 3 intervention groups and 10 healthy pregnant women in the control group. This study was implemented in Shahid Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran in 2018-19. The intervention groups completed 8 weeks of aerobic, resistant, and combined training with moderate intensity. The pregnant women did blood pressure and fetal heart rate measurement and aerobic and resistant exercise tests before and after training. Coupled t-test, Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis were used to analyze the data.

According to study results, mean of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were less in trained pregnant women by 34th week of pregnancy than control group (p<0.05). Also by 34-36 weeks of pregnancy, fetal heart rate in trained pregnant women was less than control group (p<0.05). There were no meaningful differences among training groups regarding heart rate and blood pressure by 34-36 weeks of pregnancy (p>0.05).

Exercise training could improve maternal and fetal heart rate and blood pressure.

Pregnancy and exercise training are associated with changes in the cardiovascular anatomy and physiology. There is a few studies on this issue in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study is to assess the effect of a combined exercise training program on blood pressure and heart rate variability of pregnant women.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Participants were 10 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-26 weeks in the interventional group and 10 healthy pregnant women in the control group. The interventional group received 8 weeks of combined exercise training at moderate intensity. The blood pressure measurement, electrocardiogram and aerobic and resistant exercise tests of samples were performed before and after training. AST3000 Avicenna software was used to analyze the heart rate variability parameters, and for statistical analysis, paired and independent t-tests, Mann Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were used. 

This study with registered clinical trial code IRCT20190227042856N1 was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch in Tehran, Iran (code: IR.IAU.SRB.REC.1397.101).

The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were lower in the interventional group by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05). The mean of time-domain parameters in the interventional group were higher by the 34th week of pregnancy compared to the control group (P<0.05). 

Combined exercise training can improve autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems in pregnant women.

Cardiovascular adaptation in pregnancy is the most important changes related to aerobic training. Heart rate variability is one of the most important cardiovascular health parameters. Pregnancy and training as a kind of stress affect cardiovascular system. However, appropriate research regarding this issue is not enough. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of aerobic training on heart rate variability in pregnant women.

This randomized clinical trial was performed on 22 healthy pregnant women in Shahid Akbarabadi hospital of Tehran in 2019. There were 12 healthy pregnant women with gestational age of 24-26 week in the intervention group and 10 healthy pregnant women in the control group. The intervention group participated in 8 week aerobic training with moderate intensity. Time and frequency parameters of heart rate variability were monitored in pregnant women with electrocardiogram lead two and AST3000 Avicenna software.data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon, fisher, paired t, independent t, and Shapiro-Wilk tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Mean of time domain  and low frequency parameters were significantly higher in pregnant women who had trained at 34th week of pregnancy than pregnant women in the control group (p<0.05). While, no significant changes were observed in mean of time domain and low frequency parameters in control group (P>0.05).

Aerobic training improves autonomic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system superiority.

Meckel’s diverticulum has is one of the most common congenital anomalies in gastrointestinal tract and its incidence is about 2%. Meckel’s diverticulum is a true diverticulum since it consists of all three intestinal wall layers. It’s usually located 100 centimeters from the ileocecal valve and is formed due to failure of omphalomesenteric duct involution at 8th week of gestation. This case report is about a 16-month-old boy that was hospitalized in one of Tehran’s pediatric hospitals due to falling down from 40 cm height and was finally operated with acute abdomen diagnosis. Distal perforation of the Meckel’s diverticulum and peritonitis originating from intestinal secretions was diagnosed during the operation; therefore، segmental ileal resection and anastomosis was done.

Meckel’s diverticulum perforation is uncommon and considering that the probability of solid abdominal organs’ injury is higher after trauma، similar cases with chronic signs should be observed closely in order to take appropriate and timely therapeutic measures.