فهرست مطالب سعیده صفری

Determining precipitation spatial pattern in a catchment is necessary for the calculation of hydrologic quantities such as runoff flow and soil moisture content. Sparse meteorological stations as well as spatial variability of precipitation are major obstacles for accurate spatial estimation of precipitation. The development of remote sensing technology and the possibility of using satellite precipitation products has facilitated attaining spatial precipitation patterns. However, low spatial resolution of satellite precipitation products highlights the need for downscaling methods. Nineteen predictive models were fitted using Regression Learner toolbox in MATLAB software. Annual TRMM precipitation data were downscaled from 2001 to 2017 using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land surface temperature, land elevation and coordination. Models are divided into five general categories: Linear Regressions, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Ensemble models and Gaussian Process Regression models. Comparing the downscaled TRMM data with gauges data, Boosted Ensemble model had the lowest root mean square error and highest correlation coefficient. On the other hand, two methods of Geographical Distance Adjustment (GDA) and Geographical Ratio Adjustment were compared for calibrating the downscaled precipitation. Smaller errors were obtained using GDA in all models.

Adolescents are among the groups that are most vulnerable due to puberty symmetry and corona prevalence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix training on reducing Internet addiction and the perception of family social support of adolescent girls during the outbreak of corona.

Quasi-experimental research method and pre-test-post-test design and one-month follow-up were performed with the control group. The statistical population of this study includes all high school girls in Bojnourd who were studying in the academic year 1399-1499. Out of 220 volunteers entering the research, 30 were purposeful and based on the criteria for entering the research, ie a score higher than the cut line (46) in the Internet addiction test and a score less than one standard deviation from the average of the normal sample (13.40) They were selected as a statistical sample on the family social support scale. Then they were replaced randomly by a simple lottery in two groups of 15 experimental and control. The experimental group received 90 minutes of educational interventions for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments were the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire and the Procidano and Heller Family Social Support Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The findings showed that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix training had a significant effect on reducing Internet addiction and increasing the perception of family social support of adolescent girls (P < 0.001).

According to the findings of the present study, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix training is effective on reducing Internet addiction and increasing the perception of family social support of adolescent girls.

Marriage is a unique relationship that enriches the relationship between the couples, and plays an important role on stability and satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to identify marital life enrichment skills based on Q methodology. Semi-structured interview was conducted to create the concourse with 24 ordinary people and 16 family experts in Bojnord, North Khorasan Province. Sample subjects were selected purposefully and the sampling continued until the saturation stage was completed. Thirty four sentences were categorized by experts in order of priority. The factor analysis of the Q group with the varimax rotation showed that there were six factors. The findings showed that, from the viewpoint of family experts, the most important skills for enriching marital life are respectively: self-knowledge and awareness of personality differences, comm.- unication skills, realism, religious and spiritual skills, emotional management, and awareness of the family's evolutionary cycle. The findings of this study can be used to educate couples who are at the beginning of their marital life. Family and marital counselors can also use these findings for premarital education as well as for teaching couples who are in the early years of their life.

Internet addiction and reduced perceptions of family social support among adolescents cause widespread social harm in the community. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of " Reality Therapy" training on internet addiction and perceptions of social support -family in teenage girls.

The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included 220 high school girls in North Khorasan province in Bojnourd in 2020. 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly (lottery) were placed in an intervention and control group (15 people in each group). Research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the “Internet Addiction Test”, and the “Perceived Social Support - Family Scale”. Face validity was confirmed by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Before the intervention, research instruments were completed by the groups. The intervention group received 90 minutes of educational interventions for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. After the intervention and post-test one month later, the instruments were completed by both groups. Then, at the end of the research, the control group received training. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 22.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in both variables of internet addiction (F= 23/02 and P =0/001) and perceiving the family social support (F=15/01 and P =0/001). According to the effect size values, 45% of the changes in Internet addiction and 0.34% of the changes in the perception of social support -family are due to "Reality Therapy" training (P =0/001). 

The use of "Reality Therapy" training is effective in reducing the internet addiction of teenage girls and increasing the perception of social support-family. It is recommended that counselors use the above training to improve individual abilities and reduce internet addiction and better understand family support in adolescents.

Several studies have examined the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. But research that examines the effectiveness of this treatment in combination with Theraplay on the symptoms and function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder has been neglected.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on the symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay for 10 sessions of individual counseling, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale(CY-BOCS), Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised(COIS-R / P) and Marschak Interaction Method Behavior Rating System.

To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used. The findings of this study confirmed the effect of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on reducing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, improvement overall performance and the improvement of academic, social, family and daily livng skills performance(P<0/05).

The combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay is effective to reduce symptoms and improve Function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects all aspects of the lives of children and these effects are less considered in the health and clinical system, so the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the severity of symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy treatment for 10 sessions of individual, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, Childrenchr('39')s Global Assessment Scale and Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised. To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used.

Comparison of experimental group with control group showed that the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group and the improvement of childrenchr('39')s overall function in the post-test and follow-up stages was confirmed (p≤.0.05). so that 71% and 63% of the changes in overall functioning and Total score of symptom severity are affected by acceptance and commitment therapy, respectively. But the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on family and social functioning was not significant (P≥0.05).

Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing symptoms and improving overall function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In general, excess plant and animal fats consumption leads to human health problmes. The aim of this study was to produce low-fat flavored cream with inulin as a fat substitute and date syrup as a sweetener. In this research, date syrup, in four levels of 0, 5, 7 and 10% was added as sweetener and inulin in four levels 0, 4, 6 and 8%. It was observed that with increasing inulin content in treatments, the apparent viscosity increased (p <0.05) and by increasing the amount of date syrup, the pH and viscosity of the samples are reduced (p <0.05). By adding inulin and date syrup, the amount of watering down decreased, but there was no significant difference between the samples. In the sensory evaluation, the best sample was the treatment with 7% date syrup and 4% inulin. The results of this study indicated that inulin and date syrup can be used to improve the physicochemical properties and taste in the low-fat cream.

In assisted careers, especially counseling and psychotherapy, the training of experienced counselors to improve the mental health of individuals in the community is obvious, and paying attention to their training methods can lead to the professional development of counselors. The present study to aim was conducted to identify the professional- developmental factors of counseling students in group counseling course with a humanistic approach. This study was conducted qualitatively and using phenomenological method. The study population included all undergraduate counselors' students at Bojnourd University in group counseling course. 10 students (6 females and 4 males) were selected voluntarily among 48 students participated in group counseling course in fourteen two-hour sessions. Collecting data were conducted using using interview to the extent of theoretical saturation, and Colaizzi method. The data identified four main themes (development of communication skills, group cohesion, modeling and generalization and development of emotional intelligence components), thirty-four sub-themes and one hundred and eighty basic concepts. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the identified factors facilitate the personal and professional growth of counseling students. The results of this study can be used to encourage counseling students to participate in practical group counseling experiences, change the attitude of professors in the way they teach counseling in a practical way and planners of academic counseling courses, to make changes to improve educational quality and training efficient and developed consultants is beneficial.

Flower Marketing in Iran is an ineffective way that wastee high proportion of flowers, makes prices higher for consumers and also cause the most revenue for dealers and retailers. But in developed cointries like Netherlands, flowers are sold through virtual auction by Dutch auction method which creates many benefits including reduce travel time and distance for flowers and provids a convenient access to the auction via the internet for costumers. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementation of it. So, first it studied and evaluated some famous tools for documentation and designing business models and then provided a qualitative model of virtual flower auction based on Osterwalder business model canvas. In the following, the qualitative model was transferred to a quantitative one with designing causal loop and flow diagrams via system dynamics method. In order to do that some open multi-stage interviews with some important data was collected by distributing a questionnaire among 63 florists in Tehran. Results of simulating the model in various scenarios show that not only the virtual flower auction method is applicable in Iran, But also by applying appropriate strategies and taking good decisions, it reduces flowers waste, increases received price by the producer and decreases the price paid by the consumer and also it benefits the flower auction site.

In recent years, many studies have been conducted on infantile complication related to delivery type and researchers have also tried to determine the amount, importance and role delivery type. This study aims to use meta-analysis in order to integrate the different studies and investigate the impact of delivery type on infantile complication This meta-analysis uses approach's Howitt and Cramer. For this purpose 62 out of 45 studies which were acceptable in terms of methodology selected and meta-analysis conducted on them. Research instrument was a checklist of meta-analysis after summarizing the results of the studies, effect size were calculated manually and combined based on meta-analysis and interpreted in accordance with Cohen’s table. After data collection, results showed that the effect size of cesarean delivery was on infantile physical complication 0.35 (P ≤ 0.001), respiratory morbidities 0.43(P ≤ 0.001), breastfeeding 0.34 (P ≤ 0.001), jaundice 0.29 (P ≤ 0.09) and others 0.27(P ≤ 0.001). According to Cohen’s table, the effect size was evaluated moderate for cesarean delivery on infantile physical morbidities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate of Effectiveness of group therapy based on exposure and response prevention on severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. To this purpose، 20 vulnerable clients، were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to one experimental (N=10) and one control (N=10) group. 12 weekly sessions of group therapy based on exposure and response prevention was administrated to the experimental group، but control group was not receiving any intervention. Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale used as instrument of study in pre-test، post-test and follow up. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. Results showed that group therapy based on exposure and response prevention has a significant reduction in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and signs of experimental group comparing control group. Also، the improvement was observed in followed three months later. Based on the results of this study، group therapy based on exposure and response prevention can consider as an effective intervention to improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and signs.

The aim of present research was to study of the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on enhancing of self-esteem and self-efficacy in addicted women who were under therapy. The research method was semi experimental research design namely: pretest-posttest with witness group. The population consisted of all addicted women who were referred to Ayandeh Roshan recovery addiction camp of Isfahan city during summer in 1391. By available sampling, 30 women selected and divided randomly to two experimental and witness groups (N= 15, per group). Experimental group received eight sessions of 90 minutes based on group counseling sessions following motivational interviewing style. For gathering data, Cooper Smith’s self-esteem and general self-efficacy questionnaires administered among two groups. The results indicated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing. It can be concluded that motivational interviewing has had enhancing effect on self-esteem and self-efficacy among experimental group.