شیرین حجازی

Improving sexual function in women with human papillomavirus not only improves their survival but also increases family cohesion. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on sexual function of women with human papillomavirus referred to behavioral disease clinics in 2021.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 women with human papillomavirus (30 in the control group and 30 in the intervention group). The subjects were assigned to the control and intervention groups using a random quadruple block. A researcher-made demographic information questionnaire and Rozen (2000) standard female sexual function questionnaire, which were measured before and after the intervention. The educational intervention was performed by holding training classes in two groups of 15 people for 4 sessions a week, one day and for 90 minutes every day. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26.

Based on the results of the present study, the sexual performance of the women before the intervention in the experimental group was 28.4 3 3.6, which reached 30.3 7 5.7 after the educational intervention and the results of the Wilcoxon test. Showed a significant difference in the intervention group (p = 0.001). The results also showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge, control of perceived behavior, behavioral intention and sexual function between the two groups (p = 0.01).

The results of this study show that by using education based on the theory of planned behavior that emphasizes behavior change, sexual function can be improved in women.

The incidence of neural bladder is increasing today and these people need catheterization. Intermittent clean urinary catheterization is a low-risk method for the patients.

This was a descriptive methodological and validation research. For content validity, 10 people were selected by purposive method. For face validity, 25 people were chosen by convenience method Aimed at structural validity, gradual method was used from sounding conductors. For the reliability of the questionnaire, 10 people completed the questionnaire.

First, a draft was developed and two qualitative and quantitative methods were used for face validity. The effect scores of the items were not less than 1.5. None of the items less than 62% were deleted according to the table. In construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and varimax rotation methods were used and the adequacy of sample size was 0.78 by KMO test, and the results of Bartlett sphericity test were significant (4017/486 p <0.001). 5 items with a share of less than 0.4 were removed and factor analysis was performed again and the number of factors was reduced to four with a variance of 40.136. The results of internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire with 32 items were equal to 0.862 and 0.859 for women and men respectively. The results of the stability of the verification tools and the result of the ICC test (0.949) showed a good correlation coefficient for each structure.

The tools designed in this study are valid and reliable and can be used in various studies.

Drug dependence is a social issue and women as half the population are involved with it. The foundation of societies and families depends on the health of all people, especially women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the tendency for narcotics and psychotropic substances among women referred to the Welfare office in Tehran.

 A causal-comparative study was conducted on all drug-dependent and non-drug dependent women referred to the Welfare office and Quds clinic in Tehran. A sample of 150 patients in the case group and 150 subjects in the control group were selected. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made 2-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionaire was about demographic characteristics, and the second part was about the 5 causes of narcotics and psychotropic substance tendencies. The validity and reliability of the questionaire was confirmed. Data were analyzed using the t-test and Chi-square.

Findings showed that addicted women were more likely to havephysical illnesses (back pain) and mental illnesses (depression, irritability anxiety, severe anger. Also, with regard to behavioral attributes, they had positive attitude towards drugs, had low self-esteem, suffered emotional deficits, and they had inability to adapt to problems. Also, family causes showed that family members were addicted, unrestrained, tense, and also intense family sensitivity was observed among these women.. Furthermore, with regard to social causes lack of access to healthy recreation, lack of recreational and service facilities - counseling, having addicted friends were observed among addicted women.Cultural causes showed academic stress).

Women’s addiction has an irreparable damage to the individual, family, and society. Discovering the factors affecting the drug tendency in women can prevent many social and health problems in society.