سیده شیرین حجازی

Believing that life without suffering is good, and illness, hardship and accidents are inevitable evils is an example of the beliefs which causes problems in a person's judgment and vision to the world. Cognitive psychology considers incorrect judgments and behaviors as a cause of incorrect schemas formation in the human mind. Each schema has a certain structure (components) that is transformed into an understandable concept with its inherent characteristics.Determining the components of good and evil based on their literal and idiomatic meaning and then examining the characteristics of these schemas from the Holy Qur’an perspective, shows that good and evil schemas concepts in the Holy Qur’an are different from the schemas in people's minds and beliefs. The path that the Holy Qur'an has shown to man about good and evil schemas is based on understanding or not understanding God's Lordship in the world and especially in life. Thinking and understanding based on Qur’anic good and evil schemas, causes a man discover the goodness of this system by himself instead of studying knowledge on the subject.

Quantitative and qualitative research review in particular fields provides better understanding of how research is conducted, how methods are used, and how progress is made. The process of conducting research activities, especially interdisciplinary studies which have resulted in new achievements, should be assessed with systematic review in order to identify previous studies, approaches, and topics that researchers like. Also, it should be a criterion for carrying out future researches, so gaps and appropriate fields can be identified. As a systematic review and citation evaluation of cognitive linguistics studies are among the tools proposed in the field of interdisciplinary studies of Qur’an and tradition, the current study focuses on all the research conducted in the period of 2006 to 2021in the form of 112 articles, 9 treatises, 15 theses, and 6 books. The publication process, determining the most prolific authors and the most cited books and articles, calculation the amount of citation to various information sources, determining the language coverage of citations, assessing researchers’ participation and cooperation, and evaluating the content and quality of works are among the accomplishments of the present study.

Recognition of the guiding functions of the verses and application of these functions in guiding human beings is one of the goals of understanding the Holy Quran, which is the main interpretive and contemplative researchs on the verses of the Holy Quran. The verse 172 of Surah Al-A'raf, which is known as the verse of the Covenant (Mithaaq), is one of the verses that has been studied more in terms of the description of the Unseen World (Alam Al-Ghayb) but its guiding function has been less discussed. In this article, in order to achieve the epistemological and guiding function of the verse of the Covenant, in a descriptive-analytical method, the World of Pre-Existence (Alam Adh-Dhar), and the study of human nature in this world are explained, which shows that the intuition of Divine Truth (Haqq) in the world of pre-existence is done for man and he has accepted in that world his servitude (Uboudiyyat), divine lordship (Marboubiyyat) and being a manifestation of God (Madhariyyat) with consciousness and perception. Also, with heart's intuitive guidance, man can find his attribution to the Divine Essence in worldly life. Awareness of this connection and its contents, which is exist apparently in human nature, encaurages him in order to perform religious rules and worshiping deeds, and the emergence and actuality of the Divine Attributes for man is considered as the only way to reach spritual peace and comfort.

Most Islamic thinkers agree that the Holy Qur'an uses the language of metaphor in describing abstract concepts, especially those related to the afterlife. According to the traditional interpretation, metaphor in Qur’anic verses has been used to facilitate the understanding of these concepts and the beauty of discourse. In contrast, according to conceptual metaphor theory, in addition to understanding abstract concepts, metaphors are used to produce the message and purpose of speech. Therefore, by cognitive analysis of the Holy Qur'an metaphorical expressions, the message hidden in these expressions can be achieved. The results of the study of verses related to the afterlife from the perspective of cognitive semantics and data analysis based on the theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), show that the afterlife placiality, the verses' expressive structure based on motion and the verses' expressive structure based on the movement and statistical results of the origin and destination areas in the verses are the reason for human life continuation in these worlds in order to receive the necessary capacity to reach the destination through changes and transformations. Also, the realization of the goal and the destination adaptation to the origin in the human movement course are some other messages of the studied verses metaphorical expressions.

Metaphor is one of the most common and widely-used cognitive processes that can represent the characteristics of the culture and ideology of a society or a school. According to the theory of conceptual metaphor, in metaphors and their linguistic expressions, cognition and culture are intertwined and become a single conceptual combination. What we call conceptual metaphor is as much cognitive as it is cultural in nature. Accordingly, we assume the formation of conceptual metaphors of the Holy Qur’an as related to the culture of the revelation era and in the present analytical-comparative study, by comparing metaphorical expressions in the poems of the Age of Ignorance and ayahs of the Holy Qur’an, a new explanation of the discourse of the relation between the Qur’an and the culture of the revelation era has been obtained. The Holy Qur’an has used the culture of the revelation era and by changing the target domains of metaphors, it has changed the centrality of the world and its related life in the metaphors of the poems of the Age of Ignorance to the centrality of monotheism in its metaphorical expressions, and has thus established a new culture by drawing a worldview of revelation within metaphors. Another finding of this research was that this theory negates "the revelation being influenced by the culture of the revelation era".

Order and coherence in the Holy Qur'an have long been considered by many thinkers in the Islamic world, and theories such as "Theory of Order" and "Theory of Thematic Unity of the Qur'an" have been developed in this regard. Even today, based on the theory of textual coherence, in the methodological studies of the text, we can examine the factors that connect the components of the text and cause its coherence and coordination. Accordingly, in the present article, the relationship between the metaphorical expressions of the Qur'an based on the theory of conceptual metaphor was examined and the cognitive analysis of the conceptual metaphors of distance, size and motion, three types of coherence: coherence under one macro metaphor, coherence between several aspects of a concept. Individual and combined coherence showed metaphors. Then, based on the theory of text coherence, it was found that these metaphors, as cohesive nodes, represent a kind of semantic connection between the components of the text that protects them from disruption, inconsistency in the subject. The overlap between the goals of the metaphors showed how the metaphorical language of the Qur'an has integrated all its concepts and ideas in the direction of its main goal. This metaphorical coherence extends the continuity of the verses from the scope of the suras to the whole text and expresses the literary miracle of the text from a new angle.

The Holy Qur'an includes the emergence of vast metaphors that have the aesthetic aspect in defining the traditional metaphor. But today metaphor as one of the cognitive patterns of language can be a factor in interdisciplinary discussions and has a significant role in explaining the worldview of the Quran. The Qur'an expresses man's life as a movement to God in the form of metaphor. Accordingly, in order to understand the relationship between the concepts of movement in the form of metaphor and the concept of life, conceptual metaphors with the field of motion in the Holy Qur'an were examined and analyzed by a cognitive approach and it was found that the movement verbs such as Jaye, Eti, Magnus, Arsal, Anzal , Hoody and Dolel, have played a role as the domains of origin in metaphorical understanding of target areas such as revelation, prophecy, happiness, misleading, resurrection, torment, death, change, acceptance, deed, etc. It was also found that the application of each of the verbs for the concepts of the destination domain, in addition to the transfer of the motion attribute, also explains the nature of the movement in each of the destination domains. Finally, the conceptual metaphors of the extracted movement in this paper are covered by the fundamental metaphor and the aspects of the concept of life from the point of view of the Holy Qur'an serve to fulfill the divine goal.