فهرست مطالب فایزه السادات میرفخرالدینی

Researches has shown that the engagement of stakeholders is very important in the development of entrepreneurship. According to the studies, the role of stakeholders' engagement in the development of tourism entrepreneurship is undeniable and of course necessary. In this research, the city of Yazd has been chosen as case study. Despite that this city has world titles such as "Iran's First World Heritage City" and "World's Sustainable City" by UNESCO and Energy Globe Foundation, and there are high capacities for the development of tourism entrepreneurship in it, but unfortunately, the lack of The engagement of tourism stakeholders is evident in it, and this has become one of the reasons for the lack of growth and development of tourism entrepreneurship in Yazd city. On this basis, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a stakeholder engagement model in the development of tourism entrepreneurship in Yazd city. In fact, the researcher seeks to find a model for the engagement of stakeholders in the development of tourism entrepreneurship in Yazd city, so that by identifying the dimensions and components of the engagement of stakeholders and the relationship between them, he can provide a model for the engagement of the stakeholders of tourism in Yazd for the development of entrepreneurship.

In the economy, financial resources are critical. The fact that financial resources are limited and affect the number of operations is undeniable. All parts are related to financial operations. Therefore, correctly allocating financial assets is critical in modern business, especially tourism. Considering the location of the accommodation sector in the tourism industry, it is essential to pay attention to the financial performance of the hotels. In the present study, after examining the background of research and surveying industry and university experts, financial indicators related to hotels in Yazd Province have been identified, the data has been analyzed using the importance-performance matrix, and suggestions have been made to improve their situation. The results show that none of the criteria identified are in the critical area. Criteria such as the risk of financial bankruptcy, macro-economic growth, employment rates, direct income from the hotels primary income, the improvement of the hotel's human resources in making profits, and cash reserves such as cash it should be taken into account and hotel managers should focus on maintaining the status of these criteria.

Tour guides can be considered ambassadors of countries and tourist destinations, who play a significant role in ensuring the satisfaction of tourists, the image of the destination and the return of tourists. The recognition of tourist destinations is highly dependent on the performance of tour guides. This research seeks to evaluate the relationship between the role of tour guides in promoting tourism and its relationship in creating a good image of the destination and increasing the willingness of tourists to visit again in Iran. The above will be reviewed, considering the tour guides' satisfaction as a mediator. This research was carried out using the integrated technique of ISM and SEM, and data were collected from 11 academic experts and tourism sector activists and 86 domestic and foreign tourists who visited Iran's attractions and using online structured questionnaires. The results indicate a positive and direct relationship between the role of tour guides in promoting tourism and the destination's image. In addition, a direct effect was found between the promotional role of tour guides and tourists’ revisit intention. In this article, the mediating role of guided tours was also confirmed. In addition, the importance of tour guides in promoting the image of the destination and the tourist's intention to revisit has been highlighted in this study. The determined findings are expected to help improve the performance of tour guides in promoting tourism

Since the influence of financial indicators in the hotel industry is undeniable, in this research, first, using the interpretive structural approach, a stratified model was designed for financial indicators, and then, using the structural equation approach, the relationships between the indicators were measured and investigated. The obtained results show that the eight factors identified in this field were placed in three levels. Based on the model obtained in this research, the economic factor which includes GDP indicators, economic growth, employment rate, etc. and looks at this industry from the perspective of macroeconomics is the most influential indicator in the hotel industry and as the initiating factor has been investigated. Also, according to the mechanism of the economic factor and its related definitions, this factor will be able to develop the performance and increase the efficiency of hotels in both financial and operational sectors. The economic factor will be able to implement the integration and integration of financial issues in the hotels in the best way and by creating coordination between the second level factors that include liquidity, debt, efficiency and risk indicators, provide the right context to gain profitability in hotels. By achieving the second level in the research model, hotels will be able to achieve profitability, which can provide the necessary background for the overall movement of the hotel towards increasing efficiency and, as a result, improving the financial conditions of hotels.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between managers' financial behavior and the financial performance of tourism industry enterprises. Specifically, the influencing variables and criteria were identified through the use of library studies, and the variables were identified for the initial model design based on the opinions of nine experts. Next, the variables were stratified using the structural-interpretive modeling approach, and the partial least squares method was used by SMART-PLS3 software to statistically verify and validate the structural interpretive model. The sampling method used in this article is theoretical saturation and snow. The study's findings suggest that financial behavior and attitude can both enhance the financial performance of tourism businesses and managers, and that financial behavior can also have a positive impact on performance. The finances of intermediary companies can also be impacted by financial behavior and attitude. As a result, tourism managers should work to improve their financial behavior and financial literacy in order to be successful in both financial planning and financial performance.

Sustainable consumption and production patterns (SCP) play a crucially important role in the sustainable implementation of all economic activities. Therefore, this study specifically sought to develop a structural model to assess the driving forces involved in establishing a sustainable consumption and production pattern and to improve the sustainable aspects of the supply chain in tourism. To this end, first, fourteen consumption and production-related factors were selected and developed using the relevant literature and the experts’ views. Then, the collected data were analyzed using the Gray Relational Analysis, considering the fact that this model helps identify the causal relationships between the selected stimuli and assess the power of their mutual interactions. According to the study’s findings, ten influencing driving forces and four influenced ones were identified as the factors involved in establishing a sustainable consumption and production pattern in the tourism industry. Accordingly, the highly influential driving forces that readily affect other driving forces were identified as the "Government policies and regulations for developing an integrated system of sustainable consumption and production", "The managerial Support and involvement in implementing a sustainable consumption and production pattern", "Initiatives and advertising campaigns developed by various tourism enterprises for implementing a sustainable consumption and production pattern", and “Gaining market advantage and improving the overall performance in the industry". Identifying the causes and effects involved in implementing a sustainable consumption and production pattern in tourism’s supply chain, the findings of this study can help managers easily analyze relevant issues in this regard and thus enhance their overall performance by recognizing the cause and effect driving forces.

The objective of this research is to develop a suitable model for evaluating the performance of professional skills among tour guides. A combination of scientific sources and questionnaire tools was employed to investigate this issue. The study was conducted in the summer of 2022 on a sample of 27 individuals comprising industry professionals, university experts, and tour guides in Iran. After finalizing the criteria and indicators (consisting of 7 criteria and 28 indicators), a structural equation modeling approach (SEM) was used to classify the criteria into three levels and present the research model. Furthermore, the influence and dependence of each criterion were examined. The findings of the research highlight the significance of the "enhancement of individual abilities and specialized knowledge" criterion, which emerged as the most influential one deserving greater attention.

Halal tourism, which is often known as Islamic tourism or Muslim-friendly tourism, is a new concept in the tourism industry that opens new and exciting opportunities to increase economic growth.

This study describes the prospects of halal tourism. Consequently, this research is descriptive. On the other hand, qualitative information has been analyzed to conduct this research. Therefore, it is a descriptive qualitative research.

Based on the stimulus-response model or "black box" of consumer decision-making, potential Muslim tourists in the halal industry can be considered as thinkers and problem solvers who consider a wide range of external and internal factors when making decisions. They respond to buy or not buy an offer. While it is possible that a Muslim tourist may behave emotionally or irrationally, the proposed stimulus-response model assumes that regardless of what happens inside the black box, the Muslim tourist's reaction is the result of a decision process. Taking is conscious and logical.

Muslims can have different levels of religious commitment and cultural orientations. Shopping experience has a direct and positive relationship between perceived value and the intention to patronize stores selling products with halal labels. On the other hand, both perceived usefulness and religious commitment will have a direct and positive effect on the intention to purchase halal-labeled products and the intention to support stores selling halal-labeled products.

The coronavirus pandemis caused many operational challenges for hotel management. In this situation, it became clear that many hotels and accommodation centers do not use performance management systems. On the contrary, they have performance evaluation systems that usually include annual evaluation and review, and there is little alignment between the hotel's performance and its strategic goals. It only focuses on the past performance of the hotel. Therefore, the necessity of identifying suitable criteria for performance management rather than its evaluation is felt in hotels. For this purpose, in this article, criteria for designing the performance management model in hotels with the meta-synthesis method were collected and leveled using the structural-interpretive modeling approach according to the opinion of experts. In this article, 14 criteria have been identified that will help to improve the management of hotel performance in the critical conditions of the corona outbreak and are in line with the essential administrative, strategic, and communication goals, development, and maintenance of hotels. Therefore, they can help address performance management challenges. In the classification of identified criteria, "government policies and leadership skills" were the most effective criteria, and "customer loyalty and reduction of hotel costs" were among the most effective criteria. IntroductionIn recent years, globalization has made the spread of viruses more effective and has created significant challenges for manufacturing and service industries. In 2019, the high infection rate of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and the death rate created a new fear in society as people worried about the negative consequences of this pandemic. Life in the 21st century has become challenging due to the dramatic changes caused by the recent pandemic. The severity of the effects of Covid-19 has caused all industries to face unprecedented economic crises. The hotel and tourism industry has faced many problems due to a sharp reduction in the workforce and tourists, and financial issues arising from it. (Gosling et al., 2020). The problem that exists in this regard is the problems of the hotel industry in the field of performance management and that the expected improvements in performance, responsiveness, transparency, and service quality have not yet occurred as desired; On the other hand, the spread of the coronavirus has fueled the problems in this area. Due to the lack of research, the need for more research in this field is felt.Therefore, the design and expression of a new and innovative model of performance management in such organizations are necessary and undeniable, and the lack of a model for managing the performance of hotels, especially in Yazd, whose historical context has also reached the world record. It is the basis for the formation of this research.

The main goal of this research is to design a performance management framework for hotels in the context of the outbreak of the coronavirus, which can be used to obtain real results from the relationships between performance management criteria. Considering this goal and the research questions mentioned in the problem statement, the current research is exploratory-survey and practical in terms of its purpose. The field of research is organizational performance management in hotels in Yazd province. This research data has been collected in two ways: documentary and survey.This article consists of two parts: first, stating the problem, necessity, and background of the research and identifying performance management criteria in the hotel industry, various sources including books, articles, and other resources available in the field of the research problem have been studied and analyzed by meta-synthesis. Various methods have been presented to perform meta-synthesis, and the seven-stage model of Sandelowski and Barroso has been used in this article.In the second part, the structural-interpretive modeling method is used to design the model of relationships between criteria.

The first part: determining and finalizing the criteria: to extract the criteria systematically, the meta-synthesis method was used.All the criteria in the table above were categorized and provided to research experts. During various meetings, experts reviewed, evaluated, and sometimes combined the criteria. Finally, 14 criteria were agreed upon and entered the next research stage as the final criteria. The final criteria are:Financial ability and hotel facilities (hotel resources); 2. Health and medical preparation in the hotel; 3. Government policies; 4. Leadership and management skills; 5. Hotel marketing actions and strategies; 6. Crisis management; 7. Innovation in providing hotel services and activities; 8. Flexibility in providing new services in the hotel; 9. Identify key performance areas; 10. Transparency in the current affairs of the hotel (creating trust and confidence); 11. Reducing hotel costs; 12. Improving the quality of services provided to hotel guests; 13. Customer loyalty to the hotel; 14. Increase in hotel staff empowerment.The second part: designing a structural-interpretive model of hotel performance management during the corona outbreak; to draw the structural-interpretive model based on the levels of the variables and the final access matrix, a preliminary model was drawn, and the final model was obtained by removing transferability."Decreasing hotel costs" is the highest-level of goal. The goals at a higher level have less influence and are more influenced by the criteria of lower levels. At the lowest level of the model, there are "government policies" and "leadership and management skills." These two criteria act as basic criteria, and the hotel performance management process during corona's outbreak should be one of these criteria. Start and spread to other criteria. 

The results of this research determined that performance management criteria in the hotel industry with the ISM approach are placed at six levels. Whereas the criteria of "government policies and leadership and management skills" were at the lowest level. This means that the factors mentioned above are the basis of hotel performance management during the corona outbreak, and attention to these factors is prioritized for hotel management in critical and special conditions. Therefore, it is recommended to improve hotel management skills and make decisions and plans based on government policies.Also, based on the findings of the Mic-Mac framework, it was determined that the criteria of hotel resources, health and medical preparation in the hotel, marketing measures and strategies, and innovation in the provision of hotel services and activities; have a significant influence on other factors. So hotel managers should pay more attention to them because changes in these criteria affect other performance criteria.