فهرست مطالب محمدرضا شایگان

This study intends to determine the frequency of some atherosclerosis risk factors in retinal vein occlusion patients who referred to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) and Mashhad Islamic Azad University Hospitals during 1386-1388 (HS). This cross–sectional study was conducted on 116 patients with central, hemiretinal and branch retinal vein occlusion who referred to the university hospitals. None of the patients had hypercoagulability or a history of anticoagalnt. The participants were evaluated for factors like sex, age, weight, hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and smoking. This study included 116 cases of retinal vein occlusion. The mean age was 57.7 years old. As for the prevalence of HTN, HLP, CVD, DM and smoking, the rates were estimated as 59.9%, 59.9%, 23.3%, 21.7% and 12.1%, respectively. The prevalence of HTN, HLP, CVD, DM and smoking are significantly high in patients with retinal vein occlusion. Early diagnosis and management of these risk factors may decrease the prevalence of retinal vein occlusion.

Refractive errors are one of the most common causes of ophthalmology clinic visits, and among them myopia is the most prevalent one. Laser eye surgery is a very common therapeutic method which is performed for the treatment of refractive errors, but like any other surgical method it has its own complications. In this study we tried to assess these complications. The objective of this study is to assess the ophthalmologic complications of laser eye surgery for the treatment of refractive errors. All of the patients who visited the ophthalmology clinic for laser eye surgery were included in this cohort study. Using questionnaires, the data were gathered on the degree of refractive error, the duration of the history of using glasses or contact lenses, the history of ocular trauma and finally lasik complications. The complications were assessed in 2 weeks for the early complications and in 3 months for the late ones. Then, the classified and described data were presented via tables and graphs, At the end, the data were analyzed, using SPSS software and other statistical methods. 640 eyes with refractive errors in 320 patients who underwent laser eye surgery were included in our study. Dry eye was diagnosed in 35% of the eyes; 2.2% of the eyes had conjunctivitis. The incidence of dry eye was more frequent in women than men (P<0.05), especially in women aged 18-27 years old (18.1%). In our study on 320 cases (640 eyes), the incidence of dry eye was diagnosed as the most prevalent complication of laser eye surgery (35% of the eyes).

Refractive errors are the most frequent reasons for which patients refer to ophthalmologic clinics. The previous studies have found that the factors of the environment and the type of light to illuminate it could have positive effects on the prevalence rate of refractive errors. Since there is little research about this relationship at industrial workers in Iran, we decided to investigate the industrial workers’ refractive errors and their relationships with the types of light and the visual work environment.We carried out a descriptive-analytical study on 292 male and female workers working in Mashhad industrial factories. Using clustering sampling, the subjects of the study were selected to go under investigation for their age, sex, and years of working background. Then, the study examined the relationship between these factors and refractive errors. In addition, the effects of outdoor and indoor working environments as well as natural and artificial (florescent) light on refractive errors were determined by a specialist. Interesting results were obtained through statistical analyses such as Chi-Square, Fisher Exact Test and ANOVA.The results suggest that the subjects of the study ranged from 23 to 63 years old with an average age of 40±9.1. Also, their working background of an average of 16±9.3 years has showed a positive effect on refractive errors (P=0.039). Among the subjects of the study, 30 (10.3%) were diagnosed as suffering from refractive errors in one eye, 150 (51.4%) in both eyes and the other 112 subjects (38.3%) had no refractive errors. The results of investigating the symptoms accompanying refractive errors were found in the following order of prevalence: Red eye (28%); Ptergyume (17.5%); Hyperemia (16.1%); Burning (12.4%); Lacriamtion (11%) and others (15%). There was no significant difference, in terms of age, between the subjects having refractive errors and those without them (P=0.842). There wasn’t any significant relationship between age and refractive errors, either (P=0.896). However, outdoor environment (P=0.014) as well as natural light (P=0.016) were found to have had positive effects on the subjects’ refractive errors.Although the duration of working background has found to be positively effective on refractive errors, the subjects’ age hasn’t showed such effect. Natural light and outdoor work environment have had significant relationships with the subjects’ refractive errors. As for accompanying symptoms, Red eye (28%) was the most frequent.

Ptergyium is one of the common ocular diseases that usually causes corneal astigmatism Jn this study the result of surgery on astigmatisrn has been studied. The aims of this study were to evaluate the degree of astigmatism changes afier surgery and the evaluation of pterygium surgery in improvement of patient s visual condition. Methdos: this study was a self-testifier clinical trial of experimental study subgroups. ln this study / exicision ofpterygium was done for 70 and patients Variants such as age, sex, job and refractory errors were considered. In this study 70 patidnts were studied, 42 paticnts were male and 28 patients were female so the ptervgium was more common in male group than fernale group. 38 cases were in grade I, 26 cases were in grade II, and 6 cases were in grad III. The. statisticai analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between the grade of pterygium and increase of age. In studying of cylandric refractory errors, the severity of astigmatism errors. The severity of astigmatism is increased by increase of the grade of pteigyum, and their relation was statisti cally signifi cant. The predisposing factors were aerosols in 6 case sun rays in 17 cases and both of these factors in 9 cases. We found that pterygium surgerv had such a significant effect on improvement of astigmatism in all groups specilly in grade II. and this finding was proved by T test. Sun-rays exposure and the prevalence of pterygium in male group were statistically correlated.