آرزو جمشیدی شیخی آبادی

A critical concept in enhancing the quality of urban and human environments is the sense of place attachment. This study aims to identify and evaluate the physical components that enhance place attachment, focusing specifically on the Abshouran neighborhood in the city of Kermanshah. The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology, and its nature is applied research. To gather data, documentary studies, field observations, and questionnaires were utilized. The statistical population consists of all residents of the Abshouran neighborhood, with a sample size of 285 individuals determined using Morgan’s table. The findings of this study reveal a significant relationship between all physical indicators and the sense of place attachment. Notably, four variables— "variety and attractiveness," "distinctiveness," "contextual sensitivity," and "spatial structure and appropriate form"—show a stronger correlation with the sense of place attachment in the Abshouran neighborhood compared to other indicators. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that the correlation between physical variables and place attachment is robust, with a correlation coefficient of 0.782. The coefficient of determination suggests that 61.1% of the variance in place attachment can be explained by the physical index variables.

The current study aims to analyze the Kermanshah metropolis's concerns with urban furniture. The lack of a scientific and artistic perspective on the quality of urban furniture among development workers and residents has resulted in a reduction in the quality of living in the urban arena. Taq-e Bostan Boulevard is one of the city's major thoroughfares and a popular tourist attraction. The study aims to evaluate the condition of urban furniture on Taq-e Bostan Boulevard in Kermanshah and its impact on residents' enjoyment. This study employed a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing documentary studies, field observations, and questionnaires, to analyze the one-million-person population of Kermanshah city, with 384 selected as the sample size. Inferential statistics, such as Pearson's correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression, were used to examine the data by first using descriptive statistics to characterize the frequency and proportion of the variables under study. According to the study's findings, there is a strong correlation between every indicator of urban furniture and residents' satisfaction. Of course, the degree of correlation of each index of urban furniture with the satisfaction of citizens is different. With correlation rates of 0.901, 0.773, and 0.753, respectively, the three variables of physical-environmental quality, fit and beauty, and safety and security have a stronger correlation with the level of satisfaction of the residents of Taq-e Bostan Boulevard in Kermanshah than other indicators. Therefore, they are more effective at promoting and satisfying it. The index of facilities and equipment, on the other hand, has a correlation rate of 0.566, which is lower compared to the other indices. Additionally, the findings of the regression test demonstrate a nearly high correlation of 0.692 between urban furniture and citizen pleasure. Moreover, according to the coefficient of determination, urban furniture accounts for 52.1 percent of changes in citizen satisfaction.

In the past, cities had a high pedestrian capability, so that walking was considered the main way of moving people around due to its easy access and low cost for all members of the society. This changed with the arrival of the automobile and the industrial revolution; This means that the pedestrian issue was forgotten. Paying attention to motorized transportation made cities face new issues such as environmental problems, increasing obesity of people, anonymity and lack of meaning. There have been many approaches to answer these dilemmas in the world. One of the new approaches to urban planning and design that has a special emphasis on pedestrian orientation and the pedestrian axis is the Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) approach, many of its dimensions and indicators are closely related to the pedestrian orientation approach. Therefore, the current research aims to evaluate the pedestrianization capability of Modares Street located in the three municipalities of Kermanshah with the TND approach. This street has a length of 1840 meters and a width of approximately 17 meters, with an increase in width in the middle. Furthermore, Modares Street serves a commercial and service function in district three of Kermanshah. The current study uses a descriptive-analytical research methodology. The statistical population of this research is all the citizens of Kermanshah, which includes a population of about one million people. Also, by putting this value in Cochran's formula, the sample size is estimated to be 384 people, and simple random sampling has been done. Also, for data analysis, SPSS analytical software was used in the form of Pearson correlation statistical tests and multivariate regression, and univariate T-test. As a result of the current research, all variables of the TND approach are effective at enhancing walkability. Nevertheless, the degree of correlation between each variable of the TND approach and walkability varies. It is, therefore, evident that eight variables, such as "presence of attractive land use", "mixed land uses", "diversity of the facade", "variety of buildings", "security from crime", "quality of social life", "attractiveness and vitality" and "sensory richness", are more closely related to pedestrianization on Modares Street than other indicators. Due to this, they are more effective at promoting and pedestrianizing Modares Street. Moreover, all variables of the semantic index have a positive effect on the vitality and identity of Modares Street. Due to the fact that they also include the mental index of pedestrians.

The old fabric of Kermanshah city is an inseparable part of the city in terms of different dimensions, and a considerable part of the city's history has been manifested in the body of this texture. Today, due to various structural and social changes (structural-physical changes of the Pahlavi era, severe physical erosion of the old city and the expansion of the dilapidated part of the city and the continuation of neglect of the old city, the indiscriminate expansion of the city in the surrounding lands in the years after the revolution, unplanned and unspecified actions and interventions in recent years) has suffered social and not physical changes in the old texture. These developments caused structural changes in the social fabric and old neighborhoods and the social relationships that had been formed in the Old City for centuries have been weakened and destroyed. Accordingly, Abshouran neighborhood (the oldest and most basic neighborhood from which the city has begun to grow) in the old texture of Kermanshah city and the developments that have also taken place in different periods, it lacks of strength of existing buildings against earthquakes with problems such as physical exhaustion, non-conformity of old texture with the needs of the day, lack of cultural-social disproportionateness of texture and lack of sense of place.  This has led to the critical situation in the present period as one of the challenges facing Kermanshah city and neighborhood. Due to these problems, the necessity of recreating a city neighborhood based on modernism, which is based on sustainable development and returning to traditions and restoring the structure of the neighborhood and the identity of the city, requires that it focuses on one of the approaches of this intellectual stage such as modernism. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to recreate (physical and functional) the sense of place, based on the ten principles of the New-urbanism charter of Abshouran neighborhood in Kermanshah. Descriptive-analytical research method and its type are applied. Also, documentary studies, field observation and questionnaire tools were used to collect data. The statistical population of all residents of the western part of Abshouran neighborhood (Sabzeh Meydan to Madras) is Kermanshah city, among which 166 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran formula. For data analysis, SPSS software version 24 was used in the form of statistical tests such as Spearman correlation method and multivariate regression test. The results indicate that all ten principles of the New Urbanism Charter are effective in recreating the sense of place of Abshouran neighborhood, Kermanshah city. On the other hand, paying attention to physical and functional elements in regeneration have a direct impact on the sense of place and can lead to the improvement of the location and resurgence of the Abshuran neighborhood.

The objective of current research is to examine the relationship between the sense of place and the level of social security. This study's method is descriptive-analytic in terms of its objective, the purpose for which it is applied, and the quantitative data type. The statistical population of all residents of Kermanshah city's western Abshouran neighborhood (Sabzeh Square to Modares) (according to the 2016 Kermanshah census, the total population of this part of the neighborhood is 290 people, equivalent to 73 households), of which 166 people were chosen as sample size using the Cochran formula and random sampling. According to the nature and type of data, descriptive and inferential statistics are utilized for data analysis. The researched variables are described in this way by collecting the frequency and percentage, and in the field of inferential statistics, SPSS software is used to evaluate the association between variables and multivariate regression test to examine the link between these variables. Pearson's test results show a connection and a moderate association between the variables of sense of place and the characteristics of social security. Thus, the regression test findings suggest that 0.42 of the changes in social dimensions are connected to sense of place variables. The study's findings also show that there is a two-way relationship between the dimensions of sense of place and social security, such that as sense of place increases, so does social security, and vice versa, as social security increases, so does sense of place.