آرزو حقیقیان رودسری

The purpose of this research is to explore the viewpoints of knowledgeable individuals regarding the solutions to improve common nutritional issues faced by patients with cancer, presented as a qualitative study.

The main stakeholders in this study included oncologists, nurses, and nutritionists. Individual interviews were conducted in a semi-structured format, and data collection continued until data saturation was reached. Finally, 16 participants took part in the study.

Six main categories emerged regarding strategies to improve the nutritional status of patients with cancer: "the necessity of including a nutrition consultant in the treatment team and oncology department", understanding the importance of management of the food department, the preparation, and distribution of meals", "the significance of training in improving the nutritional status of patients", "the role of charitable contributions and support from social workers", "the importance of monitoring and evaluation", and "the need to increase staffing levels".

Addressing nutrition-related issues in patients with cancer requires a multi-faceted approach. Effective solutions necessitate adequate funding, public engagement through non-governmental organizations and charities, the recruitment of skilled personnel, inter-sectoral collaboration among medical universities, health centers, and hospitals, as well as comprehensive, evidence-based health management at the national level.

This research evaluated the factors affecting healthy nutrition behavior in 154 teachers and parents in Tehran using the concepts of nutritional literacy and agro-ecological literacy and applying a health belief model. Accordingly, a 60-question questionnaire was designed with 6 subscales of "food and nutrition knowledge", "functional skills", "interactive skills", "advocacy", "critical analysis of information" and "food label reading skills". And data were extracted through personal interview. The results were evaluated using AMOS software and structural equation model. Our findings showed that 3.9% of the respondents had a “good” level of food and nutrition literacy. While, 37.66% and 58.44% of the respondents had the “average” and “weak” level of food and nutrition literacy, respectively. Based on the concepts of the health belief model, the respondents had a significant level of subjective perception regarding healthy nutritional behavior. Also, these people showed a high desire to gain knowledge through the society and existing social media. Based on the findings of this research, the most important limiting factors in the occurrence of healthy nutrition behavior are the level of “agroecological literacy” and then the level of “food and nutrition literacy”. So that, based on the results of the model used in this research, despite the role of several factors in the occurrence of human behavior and the complexity of the actions of people in society, “agro-ecological literacy” and “food and nutrition literacy” showed a significant contribution to the occurrence of nutritional behavior. Therefore, according to the results of this research, in order to promote healthy nutritional behavior in the society, we can emphasize the need to pay attention to increasing the level of agro-ecological literacy as well as food and nutrition literacy of the society by expanding appropriate educational programs. The results of this research point to the necessity of a link between environmental awareness and sustainable agriculture to reduce the gap between healthy food production and consumption structures.

Iran’s food and nutrition security faces significant challenges due to fragmented stewardship of the food and nutrition system. In this policy brief, based on diagnosis of the underlying cause of fragmented stewardship of the system, we propose policy and development recommendations to address the issue of concern, aiming to achieve sustainable food and nutrition security by urging policymakers to shift from traditional “agricultural policies” to comprehensive and integrated “food policies” that align with public health objectives for sustainable development. Considering the areas involved in the policy and implementation processes that contribute to the sustainability of the system, policy recommendations are outlined in three categories: a) policymakers, b) food, agriculture, and health sectors, and c) private sector and civil society organizations. In this policy brief, we emphasize that Integration in the food and nutrition system stewardship will only be achieved when ad-hoc coordination and multi-sectoral presence in shared policy functions are replaced with multi-sectoral integration based on multi-disciplinary research and evidence generation at policy levels and integrated operational agenda for all stakeholders to ensure coherence and comprehensiveness.

Dairy consumption is affected by several factors, including physical and economic accesses and individual preferences. Considering that social networks can reflect views of their users, this study was carried out to explain perspectives of Iranian Instagram social media users regarding dairy product consumption.

Data were collected using directed qualitative content analysis approach. Studied areas included hashtags that were collected based on the objectives of the study with the purposeful sampling method on Instagram, January 2011 to March 2021. The MAXQDA software was used for content coding and analysis. Validity of data was assessed using criteria of validity, transferability, trust and confirmation.

A total of 782 posts with desired characteristics were collected. The most important themes identified in the posts of Iranian Instagram users included positive effects of dairy products in preventing diseases, necessity of consuming dairy products, safety and quality of dairy products, frauds in dairy products, disadvantages of consuming dairy products in causing diseases and harming the environment and animals and obstacles to dairy consumption such as high prices and poverty of the people. Some users tried to guide others to consume dairy products and introduced new products of dairy industries such as enriched dairy products and probiotics.

Considering broadly increasing use of social networks, production of scientifically sound contents by experts can be the major suggestion of the present study to improve awareness of the users of these networks. Due to the importance of dairy consumption, it is recommended to set educational programs according to the needs of different age groups in the country's media. Results of the present study can be used by the policymakers in adopting right policies on dairy consumption.

Currently, increases in population of the world increase supply and food demands. Production of transgenic plants is one of the relative achievements. The aim of this study was to describe the consumer perceptions towards transgenic products.

The study was carried out by sampling with the maximum diversity and participants enrolled until data saturation. Thirty adults aged 20–70 years living in Tehran were recruited in the study using in-depth interviews and 15 people were included in the study through focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis and MAXQDA Software (Version 10).

Findings showed that people awareness on transgenic products was relatively low and limited. The sources of information mostly included the Internet and television and the most important types of transgenic products were oils, fruits, corn, rice and soy. Based on the participant views, lack of exact determination criteria and exaggerated advertisements were the shortcomings of information on these products. Based on the consumer interpretation, transgenic foods were products manipulated by hormonal changes and molecular structure grafts, which included various tastes and appearances, compared to normal products.

Based on the importance of information in shaping people attitudes and perceptions, lack of proper information to publicity was revealed in this study. Proper use of the undeniable ability of mass media, especially television, is one of the factors that can contribute to this information. Another factor that can help this information includes clear labeling.

Dietary diversity score is a nutrient intake adequacy index associated with the child growth. As mothers make the most important decisions affecting dietary patterns for their families and children, this study investigated possible relationships between the dietary diversity scores of children and mothers and the anthropometric statuses of preschool children for the first time in Iran.

In total, 236 children and their mothers participated in this cross-sectional study. Data about mothers and children weight, height and dietary diversity scores were collected using food recall questionnaires and dietary diversity questionnaires, respectively. Then, mothers and children were categorized into good, medium and weak dietary diversity score groups based on the protocols by the United Nation Food and Agricultural Organization. Furthermore, households were categorized into three major groups (low, middle and high) based on their socioeconomic statuses.

This study showed that child weight-for-age (p = 0.013) and weight-for-height (p = 0.03) included significant relationships with the mothers dietary diversity scores.

The better the mothers dietary diversity scores were, the more likely they were to have children with normal weight for height, weight for age and height for age values, compared to mothers with low dietary diversity scores.

A safe food system provides the conditions for consumers to decide about and choose the food products. This systematic review describes the alternatives in order to achieve a healthy nutrition pattern in a food system that can be used to make changes in current policies.

An electronic literature search was done in Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer, ProQuest, Ovid, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedex using the following keywords: food and nutrition policy, evidence, food system, sustainability, healthy food, and sustainable food and nutrition system. Articles published between 2000 and 2018 in Persian and English that met the study inclusion criteria were selected.

In order to establish evidence-based policy four factors should be considered, including situation analysis, policy illustrations, analyzing the policy’s framework, and changes in policy. 

The food environments and systems are the basis for food choices of people. Indeed, guiding the food system toward safe and affordable approaches affect consumers’ nutrition patterns. In Iran, changes in food policy should be also socio-culturally appropriate

Food choice similar to other human behaviors is influenced by various factors. Along with biological and physiological determinants, various factors may affect food choice including individual, environmental, cultural, social and behavioral factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the determinants of food choice especially in reference to socio-cultural factors.
This review study was conducted based on articles published from 1995 to 2017. Firstly, search was conducted by keywords in PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, SID, Irandoc, Magiran and health science databases to find full text or abstract of publications. The initial search key words were "food choice" and "determinants", which were later refined by searching for particular terms like "culture" and "social". Finally, 22 articles including 6 quantitative articles and 16 qualitative articles in Persian and English were selected.
The concepts extracted as food choice determinants included nutritional self-effectiveness; media; socio-economic factors; social contexts; literacy; family dimension; social inequality; occupation; taste; ease of access; habits; food preferences; knowledge; friends, peers and parents influences; parental education; cooking skills; nutritional quality; life course; ideals; resources; food abstinence; past experiences; health; ethnicity customs; time; enjoyable experiences from foods; and satiety.
Adding up studies showed the importance of socio-cultural variables as food choice determinants among different groups to design and implement interventions to modify the eating behaviors. Thus, it is necessary to carry out research on the basis of socio-cultural factors for food programming.

For the importance of specialized web sites, the purpose of this study is link analysis of food science & technology institutes websites based on webometrics scales to propose a pattern website for National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute in Iran. visibility, the web impact factor (WIF), self link and total link of websites of the food science & technology institutes via webometrics has been Studied in this Research. Cluster analysis and Multi- dimentional scales Studied the Main Clusters and Drawing Two- dimentional Map of Website Based On Co-links. Also has been used to find out the main Clusters and to draw tow- dimentional map for websites based on Co-links as well. Services provided by the websites has been investigated through their inlinks and visibility to identify the most effective elements of Food Research Institutes in Iran. The statistical population is 63 active websites searched and downloaded by google search engine. in the period of one month The data were collected using webometrics formula via yahoo search engine & yahoo explorer during December 2010 to Januar 2011. The results indicated that the FOI website has the highest impact factor among the sites research sample with WIF of 72, while the NIFA with %57/41 received the highest number of inlinks having the highest visibility. The Cluster analysis results of the website showed that websites had collaborated in five major clusters in the Web environment but seven website have remained independent. Multi- dimentional analysis map also confirmed the existence of five categories. this study showed that there has been a relation between inlinks with types of presented services and the content of websites. Finally an appropriate model was presented for the website of National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute.

Malnutrition is common in the patients admitted to the hospitals and medical centers. If the symptoms of malnutrition go unnoticed or be mistaken for those of the patient’s main disorder, disease prognosis is likely to be poor, hospital stay lengthened and the patients may be less able to respond to surgical and medical procedures, including medication. This article assesses the prevalence of malnutrition in some medical centers in Iran and the other countries. In this systematic review, article were gathered the from the databases like Medline, Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, Pubmed, Scopus by using Thesaurus-based keywords like malnutrition, hospital, prevalence, nutritional management between 1984 to 2012 years. According to reviewing the articles, about 20% to 50% of all medical and surgical patients admitted to medical centers are affected by malnutrition prevalence being significantly higher in patients with malignant compared to benign disease and after surgical treatment. Malnutrition correlated with primary undiagnosed malnutrition at admission, age, sex, presence of cancer or infection, longer hospital stay, insufficient food intake, impaired digestion or absorption, increased nutrient requirements and excess nutritional losses. High nutritional risk medical units were identified as geriatrics, critical care, nephrology, internal medicine, gastroenterology and cardiovascular surgery, respectively.