فهرست مطالب ابوالفضل شکیبا

This study aimed to compare some inflammatory indices in COVID-19 patients with different degrees of lung involvement.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 301 patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Vasei-Sabzevar Hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 were included. Patients were divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups based on the CT scan findings and the severity of lung involvement. Based on complete blood count (CBC) results, neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and systemic inflammation index (SII) were calculated.

Based on CT scan findings, mild, moderate, and severe lung involvement was observed in 39%, 37%, and 24% of patients, respectively. NLR, PLR, and SII indices were significantly higher in severe lung involvement compared to other groups (P < 0.05). The MLR was significantly higher in severe lung involvement than in moderate involvement. Mortality in severe lung involvement was significantly higher than in moderate and mild groups (41% vs. 2% and 5%, respectively) (P < 0.001). Also, 13% of patients died. There was no significant difference between mortality and patient’s gender.

NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII are related to COVID-19 severity, and these indices amounts in severe lung involvement are more than moderate and mild involvement. These findings show the importance of these indices in determining the COVID-19 prognosis.

Storytelling has been one of the most important methods among the Sufis. In addition to the Sufis, ancient writers have always used the narrative to spread their thoughts. Mohammad bin Mahmoud Hamedani, one of the writers of the sixth century AH, the author of the book ‘Wonderfulness of Almighty and Greeb al-Muwadjut’ or ‘Wonderland’, has used narration to express his intentions. In order to find a way of writing and analyzing two stories about the anecdotes of this work, this article uses the methodology of Todorov's constructivism. One of the main components of the critique of a story in the Todorov’s narrative model is its purification and one of the most effective functioning factors is the systematic cohesion of this network. The fundamental issue of the present article, which the authors seek to achieve, is to examine and analyze the extent and the way in which the element ‘Pīrfet’ is used in the structure of Hamedani's stories. In this regard, the main body of the article is a brief recognition of Todorov's narrative model, based on the knowledge of the narrative and the analysis of this effective element in the design of two tales of Hamadani's exclamation. The methodology used in this study is to read two stories and to analyze the structure of their designs based on the model. The overall results showed that, based on the actions, propositions, and logical trajectory of the events of the anecdotes, the plot and the network of the anecdotes, and the event of this simple work are tailored to the personality of the anecdotes and corresponds to the structure of Todorov in the syntax of the story. It can be said that in the narrative of both stories, there is a coherent structure that begins with a balanced and stable situation and, in the middle, with the interactions of the characters, it causes an imbalance, and then the anecdote reaches its climax. In the end, after the passing of events, a new stable condition is formed and the fate of the characters of the anecdotes is determined.

In one type of categorization, the speeches brought in the mystical prose texts can be considered as two types: 1) Speeches of the defeated person which indicate the intuitive experiences and internal understandings of the writer and (2) speeches of the dominant person which includes the domain of formal knowledge and the terms of Sufis. The prolusions (Tamhidat) of Eyn-allghozat-e-Hamadni is one of the mystic proses in which the features of the defeated person’s speech like impersonality,  reception of inspiration and revelation, interpretability and Aporic crisis can be observed. The present descriptive and analytical study, which is conducted on the prolusions of Eyn-allghozat-e-Hamadni, attempts to respond the following research question: are the functions and characteristics of the defeated person’s speech in these prolusions in a way that enable us to consider this book as having a defeated prose style? The findings of the study, which are identified by analyzing the content and style of the book, indicate that this fascinated mystic person has used a particular language and by revealing his obstreperous innate state and his sharp emotional excitements has created such a valuable book for the audience which can be considered as an excellent example of the defeated person’s speech style.

Conceptual metaphor is a window in to the metaphorical worldview of the writer. Accordingly, the focus of a metaphorical mapping in the mind, leads to the development of the individual mentality and the creation of analogous metaphors and finally to the originality of the individual style. Because of the ambiguity in the assignment of some Quatrains to Khayyam, this research aims to identify the authenticity of the Quatrains which are assigned to him by Mohammad Ali Foroughi and Qassem Qani .The results indicate that in a total of 178 quatrains of this book, there are 15 basic conceptual metaphors. Comparing the conceptual metaphors in 66 original quatrains and 112 quatrains attributed to him , it is shown that the metaphors: journey, secret, container, opportunity, transformation and structure, in both groups are the most frequent ; so that 58 Quatrains of the 66 original quatrains and 101 quatrains out of 112 attributed quatrains follow the central mapping of these metaphors. Also many of these quatrains contain 2,3 or even 5 of the above mentioned metaphors ; this leads to the connection of these metaphors and consequnetly the originality of the style .Among these 112 quatrains, 4 are not included in these metaphors subcategory and assigning them to Khayyam doesn’t seem true. Comparing the theme of these 4 quatrains with the Omar Khayyam’s System of thought and his metaphorical thinking and also looking them up in the other resources confirms this view.

Nowadays, one of the main problems of tuberculous treatment is drug resistance. Present study was designed to determine drug resistance of mycobacterium isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to anti-tuberculous drugs and to detect the influencing factors. In a cross-sectional study in 2012-2013, all smear positive sputum)125 samples) cultured and their anitibiogram were done in tuberculous laboratory of Shariati Hospital. Provided checklists were filled with corporation of Vicechancellor Mashhad University of Medical Science of and Mashhad Health Centers and other towns of province. Then by using SPSS software, resistance rate and influencing factors were evaluated. In this study the rate of resistance to Isoniazid was 7%, to Rifampin 7%, to Ethambutol 3.9%, to Streptomycin 11.8%, to Isoniazid and Rifampin (MDR-TB) 4%,. The highest rate of resistance was observed in 15-45 years-age group. Statistically, a close-to-significant relationship was observed between incidence of resistance and two factors including recurrence and grade of smear positivity. Results obtained for 20% of total cultured samples were non tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM). Considering the MDR TB prevalence in Khorasan, DOTS strategy had to be carried out completely and appropriately to prevent incidence of more resistance cases. Considering the high rate of NTM, was has proposed that when diagnosing tuberculosis, culture and antibiogram had to be implemented for all patients to prevent tuberculosis aberrant treatment, that cause increasing resistance to drugs, and to give appropriate treatment for such patients at initial stages. Acknowledgment: This is no conflict of interest