احسان رجایی زاده هرندی

The value of the company is one of the most important components of evaluating economic units, especially joint-stock companies. The value of a company is reflected in its stock price, therefore, the prosperity of a company's stock can be considered as a result of the value of the economic unit. Among the factors that can affect the value of the company are business strategy, managerial compensation and managerial ability. Based on this, the current research examines the effect of managerial compensation and ability on the relationship between business strategy and firm value in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the above objectives, three hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 140 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2015 to 2021. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The findings of the research showed that the business strategy has a positive and significant effect on the firm value, that is, an increase in the business strategy leads to an increase in the firm value; In addition, the results indicate that managerial compensation and ability strengthen the relationship between business strategy on firm value.

Earnings is considered as one of the most basic and important items of financial statements in financial and economic decisions that are considered by many people. But sometimes managers, in order to maximize their benefits, may report earnings that are inconsistent with the public interest interests of users. Earnings management is the set of actions that managers take to streamline information to achieve specific goals. Financial reporting categorizes company-specific information from a management perspective and presents it meaningfully to users, and investors, potential lenders, and their advisors use it as a basis for decision-making on capital allocation. The main role of financial reporting is to effectively transfer information to outsiders in a credible and timely manner. Based on the above, the present study examines the relationship between managers' overconfidence and tax avoidance on the financial reporting quality and earnings management. In order to achieve the above objectives, four hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 130 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013 to 2019. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a negative relationship between managers' overconfidence and tax avoidance on the financial reporting quality, which means that with increasing managers' overconfidence and tax avoidance, the financial reporting quality will decrease; In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between managers' overconfidence and tax avoidance on earnings management, which means that with increasing managers' overconfidence and tax avoidance, earnings management will increase.

Social responsibility is an important issue and the basic foundation for the survival of any society. As a responsible business, business leaders must demonstrate their commitment to social responsibility through values, transparency and accountability to their stakeholders and ensure that these commitments are effective within the organization. Among the factors that can affect social performance are CEO power and CEO characteristics. Based on this, the current research examines the effect of the CEO characteristics on the relationship between the CEO power and the social responsibility of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. in order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 140 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2015 to 2021. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. the findings of the research showed that the CEO Power has a negative and significant effect on the corporate social responsibility, that is, an increase in the CEO Power leads to a decrease in the corporate social responsibility; In addition, the results indicate that CEO characteristics strengthen the relationship between CEO power and corporate social responsibility.

With increasing competition in the business field, companies need to make appropriate and timely investments for their survival. Considering the developments in the world today, especially developing countries, these countries need appropriate solutions to better use their facilities to solve their economic problems. In this regard, one of the important factors in solving the economic problems of countries is the expansion and development of investment; But this alone is not enough and due to the limitation of financial resources, in addition to the issue of investment development, increasing the efficiency of investment is also one of the important issues. Based on this, the current research examines the effect of managerial ability on investment efficiency and also the moderating role of internal control quality in this regard. In order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 140 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2014 to 2021. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The findings of the research showed that managerial ability has a positive and significant effect on investment efficiency, that is, an increase in managerial ability leads to an increase in investment efficiency; In addition, the results indicate that the internal control quality strengthens the relationship between managerial ability and investment efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of corporate governance mechanism on investment efficiency and also the moderating role of audit quality among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptivecorrelational in terms of research method. In other words, in this study, the existence of a relationship and correlation between variables through regression is investigated. In order to achieve the above goal, three hypotheses were formulated. Based on this, in order to test the research hypotheses, a sample consisting of 108 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2020 was selected. To test the research hypotheses, a multivariate regression model based on composite data was used. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate governance and audit quality on investment efficiency, which means that by increasing these criteria, investment efficiency will increase. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate governance and investment efficiency with the moderating effect of audit quality.

This study investigates the effect of corporate governance on investment efficiency as well as the moderating role of audit quality in this regard in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. In other words, in this study, the existence of relationship and correlation between variables through regression is investigated. In order to achieve the above goal, three hypotheses were formulated. Based on this, in order to test the research hypotheses, a sample consisting of 108 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2014 to 2020 was selected. To test the research hypotheses, a multivariate regression model based on composite data was used. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate governance and audit quality on investment efficiency, which means that by increasing these criteria, investment efficiency will increase. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate governance and investment efficiency with the moderating effect of audit quality.

Companies, as economic units, are always looking for profitability and gaining more wealth. For various reasons, the most important of which is the separation of ownership from management, in addition to the task of conducting economic activity, companies are also responsible for responding to people outside the company. The most effective form of accountability, based on empirical evidence, is financial reporting. The financial reporting quality reflects the accuracy of financial statements in providing information about the company's operations, especially expected cash flows, in order to inform investors. Therefore, studying the factors affecting the financial reporting quality is important. Based on the above, the present study investigates the effect of corporate governance and the internal audit quality on the financial reporting quality in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 108 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2014 to 2020. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a positive relationship between corporate governance and the financial reporting quality, which means that with increasing corporate governance, the financial reporting quality will increase; In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between the internal audit quality and the financial reporting quality, which means that with increasing the internal audit quality, the financial reporting quality will increase.

Competitiveness in the financial markets puts many companies at risk of bankruptcy and eliminates competition. This can cause concern for investors. Bankruptcy risk is mentioned as an important fact in the life cycle of modern business units that can lead to heavy economic and social costs to shareholders, creditors, managers, employees and the economy as a whole. The key here is to identify the factors that can be used to predict the risk of bankruptcy in the near future. Based on the above, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between earnings management and business strategy with bankruptcy risk in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 135 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2014 to 2019. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that earnings management has a positive and significant effect on bankruptcy risk, which means that with increasing earnings management, bankruptcy risk will increase; while business strategy has a significant negative impact on bankruptcy risk, it means that with increasing business strategy, bankruptcy risk decreases.

This study investigates the effect of corporate tax and financial leverage on investment risk in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology of correlation is causal (post-event). The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 108 companies were selected as the research sample and were surveyed in a weekly period between 1393 to 1399. Ives software version 9 and multiple regression based on composite data were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses indicate that the cost of taxation has a positive and significant effect on investment risk, which means that with increasing tax cost, investment risk will increase. Also, financial leverage has a significant negative effect on investment risk, which means that with increasing financial leverage, investment risk will decrease.

Private companies are trying to avoid paying taxes in order to reduce costs. They are constantly looking for new ways to avoid paying taxes, and to achieve this they are hiring expert managers who are familiar with tax laws to take advantage of their familiarity with the ambiguities and weaknesses in tax laws and regulations. Avoid paying taxes and ultimately reduce costs and increase the company's profitability. It is important to examine the factors affecting taxation. Based on the above, the general purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of financial expertise on tax avoidance. In order to achieve the above objectives, three hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 113 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2018. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a negative and significant relationship between financial expertise in the CEO, Board of Directors and the Audit Committee on tax avoidance, which means that by increasing these criteria, tax avoidance will decrease

With increased competition in business supply, companies need to invest in time to survive. Given the developments in today's world, especially developing countries, these countries need appropriate solutions to make better use of their resources to solve economic problems. In this regard, one of the important factors in solving the economic problems of countries is the expansion and development of investment; but this alone is not enough, and given the limited financial resources, in addition to the issue of investment development, increasing investment efficiency is also one of the important issues. Accordingly, the present study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on investment efficiency as well as the moderating role of business strategy in this regard. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. In other words, in this study, the existence of relationship and correlation between variables through regression is investigated. in order to achieve the above objectives, three hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 100 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2019. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and investment efficiency, which means that with increasing corporate social responsibility, investment efficiency will increase. Also, business strategy has a significant positive impact on investment efficiency, which means that with increasing business strategy, investment efficiency will increase. In addition, business strategy affects the relationship between corporate social responsibility and investment efficiency.

Earnings persistence is one of the qualitative characteristics of accounting earnings that is based on accounting information and helps investors in assessing the company's future earnings and cash flows. In addition, the reported earnings figure is important for investors and influences their decisions. In estimating their expected future earnings and cash flows, investors do not only pay attention to the accounting earnings figure and pay more attention to the stable part of the earnings than the unstable part. The position of how capital market stakeholders process accounting information, especially earnings and its components, has always been of interest to capital market stakeholders. Accordingly, the present study investigates the effect of corporate diversification on the discretionary accrual quality and earnings persistence. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. In other words, in this study, the existence of relationship and correlation between variables through regression is investigated. In order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 100 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2014 to 2019. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between corporate diversifications and discretionary accrual quality, which means that with increasing corporate diversifications, discretionary accrual quality will increase. Also, corporate diversifications has a significant positive impact on earnings persistence, which means that with increasing corporate diversifications, earnings persistence will increasing.

The firm value is very important for shareholders, investors, managers, creditors and other stakeholders in assessing the future of the company and its impact on estimating the risk and return on investment and stock prices. Therefore, it will be useful to identify the factors that affect the firm value. Social responsibility reporting is related to the economic, ethical, social and environmental aspects of the company. For this reason, it is important to note whether shareholders use the social responsibility reporting information in the data set to value the stock. Based on the above, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social responsibility on the firm value with the adjusting role of family ownership in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the above objectives, two hypotheses were formulated. Therefore, in order to test the research hypothesis, a sample of 100 firms was selected from the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012 to 2019. Multivariate regression model based on combined data was used to test the research hypothesis. The results of this study show that there is a positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm value, which means that with increasing corporate social responsibility, firm value will increase; In addition, family ownership affects the relationship between social responsibility and firm value.

This study investigates the effect of corporate governance on the relationship between CEO compensation and audit fees in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is causally (post-event) in terms of correlation methodology. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 111 companies were selected as the research sample and were surveyed in a weekly period between 2013 to 2019. Eviews software version 9 and multiple regression based on composite data were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between CEO compensation and audit fee, which means that with increasing CEO compensation, audit fee will increase; In addition, corporate governance affects the relationship between CEO compensation and audit fee.

This study investigates the relationship between managerial overconfidence and labor investment efficiency in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is causally (post-event) in terms of correlation methodology. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 120 companies were selected as the research sample and were studied in a period of six years between 1393 to 1398. Eviews software version 9 and multiple regression based on composite data were used to test the research hypotheses. To measure managerial overconfidence, the model proposed by Hong et al. (2016) and to the labor investment efficiency, the model proposed by Pinak and Liliz (2007) has been used. The results show that managerial overconfidence has a negative and significant effect on labor investment efficiency.