فهرست مطالب احسان سلیمی ناغانی

In this study esophagus during development has been investigated in prenatal and postnatal periods of the one-humped camel. The aim of this study, the investigation of the esophageal histological wall construction in camel during gestation period and after that in comparative with the esophageal histological development in other the domestic animals. For histogenesis study of esophagus in one-humped camel, 20 fetuses, around 86 days to 13 months, were chosen. Then, after the age calculating, the fetuses were stored in 10% buffer formalin and provided sections with 5 µ thickness of all the esophagus portions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) and were stained by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid Schiff methods. According to the observed histological changes; developmental periods of the esophagus were divided into the three stages: the first stage (5-13 cm, 86- 110 days of pregnancy), the second stage (13-16 cm, 110-119 days of pregnancy) and the third stage (35-40 cm, 175-190 days of pregnancy). At 110 days of pregnancy, the epithelium was changed to the stratified squamous epithelium. At 119 days of pregnancy, the formation of primary stages glands tubes and neural ganglions in the esophagus were observed. At 175 days of pregnancy, in abdominal part of esophagus, thin and dispersed muscularis mucosa was observed in the connective tissue under the epithelium. The study observations revealed that the histological esophagus wall evolution, according to the gestation period in one-humped camel are less precocious than the domestic ruminants.

Regarding the toxic and oxidative effects of cadmium on male reproductive system and controlling importan, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Origanum vulgar aqueous extract and vitamin C on cadmium chloride damage in testicular tissue. In experimental interventional study used 30 wistar male rat. The control received Cadmium 2 mg/kg of single dose intraperitoneal, T1 group received cadmium with vitamin C 250 mg/kg. T2, T3 and T4 groups received cadmium and aqueous extract of Marjoram at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively for 10 days intraperotonealy. At the end of the period, the animals were weighed. Serum antioxidant level and malondialdehyde in testis tissue were measured. In addition, after staining were counted calls in testicular tissue. Findings: The highest concentration of MDA was observed in the control group at 1.4 ± 0.018 and the lowest in the T4 at 93.03 ± 0.30 μmol/ml. In association with TCA, the lowest in control was 796.41 ± 40.76 and the highest in T4 group was 1198.91 ± 51.45 μmol/ml. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of MDA and TCA between T1 and T3 groups (P=0.076). However, the mean of testicular tissue cells (sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and laydic) in T3 was the highest and lowest mean in control group and the difference was significant (P=0.048). Marjoram aqueous extract in controlling oxidative stress damage in the same dose 250 mg/kg has a better performance than vitamin C.

In this study, 40 adult live, crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) of Aras dam was prepared. After oral administration of 10% formalin and remove cuticular cover, they kept in formalin 10%. Then tissue sections were prepared using standard methods. The tissue sections were stained by H&E, PAS, Alcian blue, Von Kossa and Masson's trichrome and examined under a light microscope. Results showed that the hepatopancreas is covered by a thin capsule of connective tissue from outside and tubular glands are complex which in cross-section, these tubes have a star-shaped channel consists of a row from pyramidal to cylindrical cells which contains filamentous cells with basophilic cytoplasm and euchromatin nucleus (Fibrillar cell) and secretive cells including cytoplasm filled with vacuolated secretions and euchromatin nucleus. Density of secreting cells in the lining glands is more than filamentous cells which all are placed on a basement membrane. Secretions in cytoplasm of secretary cells were non-carbohydrate compounds and connective tissue were of loose connective tissue. Also there are calcium compounds in the cytoplasm of parietal cells of glands which concentration of these compounds in filamentous cells reaches to its maximum. In general it can be said that hepatopancreas have different cells with different tasks that some of them such as S cells that secrete enzymes and F cells that may be the site for endocytosis. Also cells containing large amounts of calcium can be named as R cells that will have special role in calcium storage and use of it during biological cycles such as molting.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of aqueous extract of marjoram on spermatogenesis and sperm concentration in cadmium oxidative damage due to the antioxidant quality of extract.
In the intervational- experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Control group, T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups. In the group of T1, 2mg/kg Chloride Cadmium was administered intraperitonialy; T2, T3 and T4 groups, in addition to the chloride cadmium the extract of marjoram at 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg intraperitoneal was administered, respectively, for 10 days. Then, on the last day, after blood collection and separation of serum, TCA was measured. Sperm numbers and percentage of sperm twisted tail were counted in the right epididymis. After measuring the right and left testicular weight and diameter, malondialdehyde and histological studies were examined. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS 21.
The highest number and percentage of sperm membrane integrity was in the control group and in T4 (doses of 125 mg/kg of extract) and the lowest in the group receiving cadmium (T1) and this different was significant (P The aqueous extract of marjoram with an appropriate dose can have a positive effect on spermatogenesis and control testicular tissue oxidative stress by cadmium

Nanoparticle of Silver, with creating free radicals, can destroy many bacteria, viruses and fungi; therefore they have been recommended as a disinfectant in livestock’s production system. In this study 240 Ross 308 strain chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) in four treatments at 0(control), 4, 8 and 12 ppm levels of silver nanoparticles in drinking water with four replicates within 16 separate floor pens and 15 birds in each pen were reared. At the end of growing period from each pen two broilers with the average weight were selected and after taking blood sample, sacrificed and their kidney were examined with light microscope by H&E staining. Histopathology showed dose depended changes such as congestion, presence of inflammatory cells including heterophile and lymphocytes, necrosis in tubular cells, proliferative glomerulonephritis and fibrosis. Lesions in the treatments 3(8ppm) and 4(12ppm) were more sever than the group 2(4ppm). Also, increased serum uricacid in treatment 4 (12ppm) compared to control group was significant (p <0.05). It can be concluded that using of nanosilver higher than 8ppm in drinking water can induce sever lesions in kidney of chickens.

Lingual salivary glands in domestic birds are located in the connective tissue under lingual epithelium with separated acinar forms. These glands are tubulo-alveolar type that including acidic sulfate carbohydrates and neutral compounds in broiler chicken. For this study, the specimens prepared of various lingual regions of 4 mature and healthy domestic goose and then fixed in 10% buffered formalin and performed various preparation tissue process on the specimens, investigated preparation serial sections with 5 μ thickness by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (P.A.S) and alcian blue (AB) (PH=2.5) staining methods. The results of this research indicated that these glands were composed of mucous and serous acinars and tubulo- alveolar type. The most of this acinar were mucous type, P.A.S and AB positive. The results showed that mucous cells of this acinar were composed of natural and acidic sulfate carbohydrates that this acidity being due to the presence of carboxyl group. The results of this study did not show difference in type and structure of salivary gland in male and female sex.

Since the present study aim at investigating histogenesis of the auerbach’s plexus infetus of one-humped camel. At 2 months of gestation until birth with according to agedistance, 66 fetuses were collected of slaughter houses in semi-desert cities of Iran. Afterdetermining the fetuses age with C-RL (Crow-Rump Length) criterion, they were sent in10% formalin to histological laboratory and after dissecting the fetuses gastric ofabdominal cavity, with use of routine methods, were performed serial section with 8-10μm-thick of them. The section were treated and investigated with Nissl’s stainingmethod. The results of the microscopic section indicate that the auerbach’s plexus in thethird compartment’s was formed at 113 days of gestation and in the first and secondcompartment of gastric were formed at 137 days of gestation in connective tissue between tunica muscularis that with increasing fetuses age, the auerbach’s plexus was developed, too.

For the study of histogenesis of the abomasum’s lymphatic nodules in one-humped camel, 33 fetuses were studied. The fetuses were selected from 2 to 13 months age and in each month, 3 fetuses. After determining the fetuses age with C-RL (Crown-Rump Length) criterion, they were sent in 10% formalin to histological laboratory. After dissecting the abomasums, with use of routine methods, were performed serial section of them. The results of the microscopic sections indicate that the lymphatic nodules in abomasum’s tissue of camel’s fetus were formed at 160 days of gestation (CRl = 30cm) in lamina propria of cardia mucosa in abomasums that with increasing fetuses age, the lymphatic nodules were developed, too. These nodules weren’t reported in typical ruminants (ox, sheep and goat).