فهرست مطالب احمد بابایی زارچ

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the developments and backgrounds of the formation of the new educational system and schools in the Qajar period. By choosing the historical period of "Qajar" as the source and beginning of the changes in the new educational system in Yazd, the present study has tried to analyze and explain the "contexts, content and process of educational developments in Yazd" with a descriptive and analytical approach. According to studies, teaching in a new style began in the middle of the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar with the initiative of religious missionaries in Yazd. Subsequently, religious minorities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, merchants, and dignitaries established new-style schools and established the growth and dynamism of the city's education system. However, this process faced many obstacles and obstacles. However, the traditional methods of education, namely schools of religious sciences and schools in Yazd, continued for decades after the constitution. In the process of changes in the educational system and the formation of new education in Yazd, factors such as global developments and domestic developments in the country, the characteristics of Yazd multicultural society due to religious minorities, Qajar tendency towards education and new educational styles (from the middle of Qajar), The establishment of new schools such as Dar al-Fonun, etc., local newspapers, Zoroastrian merchants, the Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of schools by minorities and religious missionaries, etc. have been effective.

At the threshold of constitutionalism, the place of Iran entered a new phase of change in the political, social, and cultural structure, which was very different from the previous period. The education system is one of the areas that has undergone significant changes during this period and has been transformed from traditional to modern methods. In the city of Yazd, the modern education system of the Qajar period, especially after the Constitution, experienced a growing trend following the wave of modernity in the country. This article seeks to ask what factors provided the grounds for the establishment and growth of the new educational system in Yazd. The paper states that in addition to providing social conditions for constitutionalism, Yazd Zoroastrians should be considered an influential and pioneering group in the way of the development of schools and, as a result, the establishment of a new way of teaching in Yazd. Additionally, other factors should be considered: Yazd’s trade and cultural ties with other European and Asian countries, due to the arrival of Orientalists and missionaries in Yazd; occupational emigration of Zoroastrian to India, followed by financial expansion and the establishment of educational institutions in their hometown; attracting the attention of Indian Persians to the spread of Zoroastrian religious knowledge; efforts of the rich and merchants of Yazd and some of the clergies and non-Zoroastrian religious minorities; the advent of the printing industry, followed by the emergence of newspapers and the exchange of information. Besides, the first steps in education of girls of Yazd, both in Zoroastrian girls’ schools and in missionary schools, were no exception.