الهام خلیلی باصری

Investigating and identifying factors related to nurses' psychological distress plays an important role in their occupational health, so the present study was conducted  to investigate the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between spiritual health and nurses' psychological distress.

The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. From the research community, which included all married female nurses working in public medical centers in Tehran in the second six months of 2022; 409 people were selected as a sample and answered the spiritual health questionnaires of Palutzin and Ellison (1982), Kalzbeek et al.'s coping styles (2006), and psychological distress questionnaires by Kessler et al. (2002). SPSS version 22 and Amos software were used for data analysis.

According to the results of the present study, 103 people were between 20 and 30 years old, 188 people were between 31 and 40 years old, 108 people were between 41 and 50 years old, and 10 people were between 51 and 60 years old. Also, 66 members of the research had a diploma, 22 had a post-diploma, 195 had a bachelor's degree, 120 had a master's degree, and 6 had a doctorate in nursing. The results showed that spiritual health is directly (β = -0.162, p < 0.01) and indirectly (β = -0.509, p < 0.01) and with the mediation of coping styles. It affects the psychological distress of nurses.

Based on the results between spiritual health and psychological distress of nurses, Problem-oriented coping styles had a mediating role. Therefore, spiritual health can help reduce psychological distress in nurses through increasing coping styles.

 Emotional, cognitive and behavioral characteristics play an essential role in the quality of life of nurses. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of spiritual health and coping styles in predicting the quality of life of nurses.

 The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research community included all married female nurses working in public and private medical centers in Tehran in the second 6 months of 2022, 409 of whom were selected through available sampling and through social networks. The expression of data collection included the spiritual health questionnaires of Palutzian and Ellison, coping styles of Calsbeek et al. and the quality of life of the World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions simultaneously on the SPSS software version 24. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that the correlation of spiritual health and problem-oriented strategy with nurses' quality of life was positive, but the correlation of avoidance strategy and emotion-oriented strategy with nurses' quality of life was negative (P<0.01). Also, spiritual health components explained 13.9% and coping styles explained 25.1% of the variance in quality of life.

 The finding of the present study indicate the importance of coping styles as one of the important personal structures and spiritual health as one of the important spiritual structures in improving the quality of life of nurses.

Satisfaction in married life plays a valuable role in mental health and it is considered the main role for the continuation of the life of a relationship, based on this, it seems necessary to examine the role of factors that lead to the improvement of marital satisfaction, so the present study with The objective of mediating the role of coping styles in the relationship between spiritual health and marital satisfaction of nurses was carried out.

The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. The research population was all married female nurses working in public and private medical centers in Tehran in the second six months of 2022; 409 people were included in the study using available sampling method and through social networks. The expressions of data collection included Palotzin and Ellison's (1982) spiritual health questionnaires, Kalzbeck et al.'s coping styles (2006) and Hudson's marital satisfaction (1992). SPSS version 22 and Amos software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that spiritual health has a negative effect on the avoidance strategy (β=-0.490, p<0.01) and the emotion-oriented strategy (β=-0.471, p<0.01) and on the problem-oriented strategy (β = 0.537, p < 0.01) have a positive direct effect. Spiritual health affects marital satisfaction both directly (β=0.160, p<0.01) and indirectly (β=0.510, p<0.01) and through the mediation of coping styles. Avoidance strategy (β=0.118, p<0.01) and emotion-oriented strategy (β=0.292, p<0.01) have a direct positive effect on marital satisfaction. Problem-oriented strategy has a direct negative effect on marital satisfaction (β=0.587, p<0.01).

The results showed that coping styles had a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual health and marital satisfaction of nurses, and the results can help nurses to know and improve marital satisfaction. Therefore, empowerment and educational programs with the aim of increasing knowledge in the field of coping styles and increasing spiritual health can have an effective role in improving life satisfaction.