الهه شیبانی

Moral courage is necessary to observe moral behavior when dealing with moral challenges raised at the time of crisis. The purpose of this study is to present an interpretive structural model (ISM) of the antecedents of moral courage during crises among the staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-analytical survey. After reviewing the literature and identifying the antecedents of moral courage, a questionnaire with semi-closed questions was designed and distributed among 18 managers and expert from the university, who were selected using non-probability purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed in MATLAB software, version 9 and MICMAC software, version 2. 

Based on the findings, the antecedents included individual factors (self-esteem, personal values, moral model, personality type), managerial factors (leadership, criticism acceptance, honesty, leader-member exchange), organizational factors (organizational transparency, accountability, culture), and environmental factors (economic, cultural, political/legal). 

The results can help relevant authorities to plan and make appropriate decisions in this field.

Evaluation of hospital information system (HIS) is a complex endeavor، in which all human، technical and organizational aspects should be considered. This study aimed to develop indicators for HIS evaluation. Present qualitative study was carried out through a cross-sectional method in 2012 in Kerman province، using Delphi technique. Given the objectives of this study، three independent phases were performed including literature review، providing draft indicators for HIS evaluation and reaching consensus. Required data were obtained through interviews and designed forms. Twenty-three experts composed the study population in interview and reaching consensus phases. Validity and reliability were confirmed through content validity and test-retest method، respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Final set of indicators for HIS evaluation consisted of ninety-one indicators under 8 main topics، i. e. technical quality، software quality، architecture and interface quality، vendor quality، after-sale services quality، workflow support quality، support department، outcome quality and HIS cost. Given the complexity of information system evaluation، all human، technical and organizational aspects have to be taken into account in any evaluation. Proposed indicators provide the possibility of comprehensive evaluation of HIS.