الهه عسگری

Herein we evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites from the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. on the expression of vancomycin resistance genes in Staphylococcus Saprophyticus.. This study is motivated by the growing concerns of multi-drug resistant S. saprophyticus strains and the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. of During a two-month period, 120 clinical samples were collected from elderly patients referred to Tehran hospitals. S. saprophyticus isolates were identified using both phenotypic and chemical tests. Subsequently, molecular methods were employed to detect the presence of van genes. The microbroth dilution method used to determine the sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to the methanolic extract of Anabaena sp. . Finally, real-time PCR was employed to measure the expression level of van genes compared to the 16S rRNA gene in S. saprophytic isolates treated with the cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Among the 83 bacterial isolates obtained from the clinical samples, only eight were identified as S. saprophyticus. One isolate harbored the vanA gene, while two isolates possessed the vanB gene. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the cyanobacterial secondary metabolite against S. saprophyticus was 750 μg/mL, with a sub-MIC of 325 μg/mL.  Importantly, the expression level of vanA and vanB genes in the strains treated with the cyanobacterial secondary metabolite down-regulated compared to the reference gene (16S rRNA). The findings suggest that the secondary metabolites from Anabaena sp. possess a potent antimicrobial effect and can potentially reduce the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in S. saprophyticus. This paves the way for the development of a new generation of anti-staphylococcal drugs.

The characteristics of drought, as one of the environmental events, may change under the effect of climate change in future periods. The current study was conducted with the aim of predicting meteorological drought in Gorganroud watershed. For this purpose, the output of temperature and precipitation of 8 General Circulation Models (GCMs), were investigated under two scenarios (SSP2-4.5) and (SSP5-8.5) during two periods of 2025-2054 and 2071-2100. To downscale the GCMs, quintile mapping bias correction method was used. After projecting the future precipitation and temperature, the SPEI index was calculated at the annual scale for the baseline and future periods. Thereafter, the drought characteristics (duration, intensity and Severity) were computed using the median results of SPEI bands based on the Run theory method. With the aim of improving the process of evaluating and quantifying the effects of climate change on future droughts in the region and showing the uncertainties caused by climate models, the prediction bands of climate variables have been used to quantify the SPEI index. According to the simulated results of performance of multi model ensemble, that in the future climate conditions, the average values of mean temperature and precipitation will increase in both scenarios; So that the temperature increases from 1.2 to 4.4 Celsius and precipitation increases by 2 to 11.9 percent. The results of this study show that the conditions of the region in the coming decades likely the normal or wet climate conditions in the near decades, but these conditions would change in the far future as the more we move towards the last decades of the century, the more occurrences of droughts would happen. The results obtained from of the Run theory indicate that the duration and magnitude intensity profiles will decrease in the SSP2-4.5 scenario and the near future period in the SSP5-8.5 scenario.

Traditional methods of medical education, despite being easy to implement, do not have long-lasting efficiency. The main aim of this study is to use the help of the learners to teach parts of the medical pharmacology course using role-playing pedagogy. This was done for the first time in Babol University of Medical Sciences with the cooperation of medical students who entered the university in 2016.

Students were divided into 5 groups and a group leader was introduced for each group. Five topics were selected and corresponding scenarios were written. There were three to seven people in each group. The physician together with the hypothetical resident or student examined the patient's problems and prescribed medicine and gave them the necessary recommendations. All participants were given a pre-test and a post-test, and then the findings were statistically analyzed.

101 students (49 girls and 52 boys) with a mean age of 21.43±1.14 years participated in the study. Except for the topic of poisoning, the mean difference in pre- and post-test scores of female students was lower than that of male students. For example, this difference was observed in the topic of Parkinsonism (p<0.0001). All students involved in the performance obtained better grades in the same topics compared to other students (88.15 vs. 59.71 out of 100). 74% of female students and 79% of male students expressed satisfaction with the implementation of this method.

According to the findings, this method has increased the motivation to learn the medical pharmacology course and stabilize the course topics. Therefore, its implementation in difficult courses with diverse and voluminous content not only helps them to learn better, but also helps them maintain their enthusiasm and increase motivation to learn more and consolidate what they have learned.

Worries about how to plan and exploit water resources in confronting new conditions have increased as evidence of climate change becomes more apparent. This issue has led a significant portion of recent meteorological research to examine climate change's consequences on water resources. One of the most important developments is the change in the inflows to the dam's reservoirs. The Dez Dam was built over the Dez river and is located in southwestern Iran, within 23 kilometers of distance from Andimeshk. Its maximum capacity is 3.3 billion m3. As one of the most important water supply sources in the agricultural and electric energy sector of Khuzestan province, this dam has faced severe droughts in recent years, and the flow to the reservoir has been decreasing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amount of inflow and reservoir volume of the dam under the conditions of climate change.

To simulate basin temperature and precipitation, the accuracy of 17 Regional Climate Models of the CORDEX - WAS project (South Asia) was evaluated based on the skill score (SS). Then, a combination of ten with the lowest skill score was used to simulate the climatic parameters of temperature and precipitation for future periods. Also, the bias correction of simulated monthly precipitation and temperature data in the historical period and then the future period was done in each station and for each parameter using the change factor method. Simulations of these parameters were conducted for three 20-year periods 2020s (2020-2039), 2050s (2050-2069), and 2080s (2080-2099) under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for selected stations. In this research, the SWAT semi-distributed hydrological and MODSIM models was used to simulate the inflow and reservoir volume, respectively.

The results of the downscale of the selected models and climatic scenarios indicate an increase in minimum and maximum temperatures in all months of the year and decreased average rainfall in the future. Predictions considered the range of minimum and maximum temperature increase under selected models in the RCP4.5 scenario from 1.5 - 4.2 ° C and 1.5 - 3 ° C, respectively, and in the RCP8.5 scenario from 2.7 - 5.3 ° C, and 1.6 - 5.8 ° C probable. The models also predicted the range of precipitation change to be 11 up 17% under the RCP4.5 scenario and 8 to 18% under the RCP8.5 scenario. After ensuring the hydrological model's accuracy and the general circulation models (RCM) output, the SWAT model was implemented under different scenarios. The outflows indicate a significant reduction in the flow of the Dez River in the future. The reduction rate can be between 49 and 52% in the RCP4.5 scenario and the RCP8.5 scenario was more, especially in the last decade of the 21st century, about 44 to 64%. The highest decrease will occur in the colder months of the year. In other words, the inflow decreases in December and even further decreases in April and March. One of the main reasons for the decrease in the volume of flow in the region in these months (March, April, and May) is changes in the precipitation pattern, in addition to the decrease in precipitation. In other words, in these months, the water of snow melting is associated with an increase in the river's discharge in the current climate, but such conditions will change in the future. The decrease in the flow rate entering the dam has caused a decrease in the reservoir volume of the dam, and its volume has decreased under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 release scenarios. In the RCP4.5 scenario, the average annual volume of the reservoir will reach 1184.4, 1179.8, and 1138.8 billion m3 for the three decades of 2020-2039, 2050-2069, and 2080-2099, respectively. In the RCP8.5 scenario, this average value equals 1293.8, 1070.4, and 1008.9 billion m3, respectively. Therefore, under the two selected scenarios, the reservoir volume was reduced between 47 to 50% for the future decades. This significant decrease in volume in the future decades, which has affected the volume of water discharge of the dam, that is indicate Dez Dam will face significant challenges in come cross  with downstream needs (environmental needs, agriculture, drinking, industry, and electric energy).

This study evaluated the effect of climate change on the amount of inflow and the reservoir volume of Dez Dam under two climate scenarios. Using the semi-distributed SWAT model, the water flow simulation to the dam is done. After evaluating the model and calibrating and validating the parameters of the hydrological model, by entering the future precipitation and temperature data into the calibrated SWAT model, the flow was simulated for the three future periods under the above scenarios. The results of the climate models illustrated that the average minimum and maximum annual temperature would have increased by 3 and 3.5 degrees Celsius, respectively, for the future decades. The average annual precipitation for the study area will have decreased by 14%. The prediction of the inflow to the dam by the SWAT model under two scenarios indicate a significant decrease in the discharge of the Dez River in the future; The amount of this decrease in the RCP4.5 scenario will be between 49 to 52%, and in the RCP8.5 scenario and especially in the last decade of the 21st century, it will be more and around 44 to 64%. The decrease in the flow rate entering the dam has caused a decrease in the volume of the reservoir of the dam, and its volume will have decreased between 47 and 54 percent under the two selected scenarios for the future decades. In general, the results obtained from this study indicate that this region will move towards a climate with lower humidity and higher temperature in the future decades. This situation will increase the shortage of water resources in the basin and will intensify the water crisis in the downstream areas. Therefore, it seems that the water resources management in this basin requires a review for its sustainable development and exploitation. Since, the flow rate of Dez in the future decades will significantly decrease due to, the expected of the climate changes, the Dez dam's primary goals to meet the needs of agriculture, electricity, drinking, etc. will have face significant shortages. It is recommended to implement the policy of reducing demand, changing the cultivation pattern, recommending and developing the cultivation of low water-demanding plants, using new irrigation methods, and using unconventional waters.

Understanding the main components of the watershed water basin and analyzing their hydrologic behavior are among the key components of any planning and management procedures in the field of water resources engineering. Today, the need to use modern technologies in hydrological modeling of watersheds has been discussed more than before. The purpose of this study is the simulation of hydrological components in various land use categories in the catchment area of the Dez river basin. Since the tool used in the research is the SWAT model and the SUFI-2 algorithm, the database used include a range of input data. In order to determine the level of sensitivity of the model to the input parameters, global sensitivity analysis was performed. Then, by adjusting the selected parameters and using the observation current, the model was calibrated and validated for the periods 2007 - 1994 and 2013 - 2008, respectively. The coefficients of NS, R2, P-factor and R-factor confirmed the modelchr('39')s ability to simulate river flow in the studied basin. The results of the model showed that the areas with forest use share the highest contribution to aquifer nutrition, and the barren lands have the highest surface runoff. Surface runoff has the leading role in creating the main stream of the river and after that the main flow has been effective in this area. The forest use change to Agricultural lands and pasture will change the hydrological parameters of the basin, and the result of these changes will lead to the increase in the surface runoff, the reduction of nutrition of groundwater resources and the reduction of river basin water. The SWAT model can be used as a precursor model in watershed management studies.

The amount of agricultural production has a high correlation with atmospheric precipitations and the suitability of climatic conditions Knowing the factors that affect the plant developmental stages and the plant's sensitivity to the fluctuations of these factors makes it possible to make an appropriate decision for cultivation Provides. Plant tolerance thresholds are limited in relation to each meteorological parameter and any abnormality in these parameters can have a significant direct and indirect impact on agricultural production. Considering the important effects of climate factors on the yield of agricultural products, the introduction of indicators and agricultural variables that have the most impact in this regard seems necessary. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters on almond yield in West Azarbaijan province.

For this research, the weather data of 6 synoptic stations of Azarbayjan province during 2014 - 1985 period have been used. First, based on the growth degree day , almond growth season was calculated for each station, then the seasonal and temperature indices of temperature and precipitation, and the trends of each of them were extracted using the MK test and the slope of the senses. Finally, the amount of water needed for each phases of the product was estimated. The method used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration has been based on the FAO-Penman-Monteith method.

The results indicated that the average temperature of the growing season in the range of 0.5 to 1 ° C in the year has an increasing trend. This is due to the increase of the maximum indexes of the growth season, the number of days with a maximum temperature of 90 °, the average number of days with The maximum temperature is related to the 10th percentile (Tmax <10) and the number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 10k percentile (Tmin <10). Significant decrease in rainfall indices (rainfall rainfall season, maximum daily rainfall, number of rainy days and annual rainfall recorded on very wet days) was observed at all stations. Due to the increase in the temperature of the growing season and the reduction of rainfall, the product's water requirement ETC) has grown in the second and third stages.

Climatic recognition and study of climatological needs of plants are the most important factors in production. The output of the index of growth-dgree day indicates that almond flowering at Mahabad station is earlier and starts at Takab station due to having higher altitudes and distances from the sea later than other regions. The shortest growth season for almond phenology is Takab with 207 days and the longest period of Mahabad with 250 days. Based on the Climatic recognition and study of climatological needs of plants are the most important factors in production. Based on the results of the study of temperature indices in West Azarbaijan province, it is possible to obtain a favorable climate for the cultivation of almond in the studied stations of Mahabad, Khoy and Piranshahr. It should be noted that including the limitations of the Piranshahr station, having a number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 2 degrees Celsius at flowering stage, due to the presence of the Mediterranean and its high mountain range, which should be taken to prevent spring frost to the late flowering cultivar. Also, Takab and Mako have the lowest temperature indices (the minimum freezing period, the number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 2 ° C at the flowering stage and the highest number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 0 °); hence, with regard to early flowering This product is not a good place to produce almonds in comparison with other fruits and are susceptible to late spring frost. The results of precipitation indices indicate a significant reduction of this parameter at all stations during the second and third stages of almond growth. Since this time coincides with the warm period and the increase in the number of days with maximum temperature, this dehydration during the main stages of growth has increased the moisture stress and this disrupted the growth process and led to a change in the size of the brain and decrease in efficiency The fruit is. Evapotranspiration analysis also shows that demand for water, especially in the second and third stages, has increased, hence, according to the stated content, the water needs of the product should be managed through water control and other environmental studies. Based on the results of the study of temperature indices in West Azarbaijan province, it is possible to obtain a favorable climate for the cultivation of almond in the studied stations of Mahabad, Khoy and Piranshahr. It should be noted that including the limitations of the Piranshahr station, having a number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 2 degrees Celsius at flowering stage, due to the presence of the Mediterranean and its high mountain range, which should be taken to prevent spring frost to the late flowering cultivar. Also, Takab and Mako have the lowest temperature indices (the minimum freezing period, the number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 2 ° C at the flowering stage and the highest number of days with a minimum temperature of less than 0 °); hence, with regard to early flowering This product is not a good place to produce almonds in comparison with other fruits and are susceptible to late spring frost. The results of precipitation indices indicate a significant reduction of this parameter at all stations during the second and third stages of almond growth. Since this time coincides with the warm period and the increase in the number of days with maximum temperature, this dehydration during the main stages of growth has increased the moisture stress and this disrupted the growth process and led to a change in the size of the brain and decrease in efficiency The fruit is. Evapotranspiration analysis also shows that demand for water, especially in the second and third stages, has increased, hence, according to the stated content, the water needs of the product should be managed through water control and other environmental studies.

The purpose of research is to rezoning the climate zones of the north east of Iran- located between 30° 35' to 38° 41'N and 56° 19' to 61° 16'E- based on the analysis of changes in the aridity index, in combination with other climatic parameters changes. Air temperature and precipitation parameters were provided in the scale of monthly average and annual over period time of 1990-2017. At first, the climate classification of the north east of Iran was revised by studying variations in precipitation, evapotranspiration and temperature and results were compared with the De Martonne and Köppen-Geiger climate classification. For analyzing the aridity status, trend of the above parameters in the form of UNEP index was tested using Mann-Kendall non-parametric method and Sen's slope estimator. Results indicated that applying of the aridity index, as a factor in improvement of the used pattern, caused the zoning of this method to be more precise than the previous methods. Therefore, the study area was classified into seven climatic groups, the zone Ac14 (Arid zone with cold winter and hot summer) with 39% and 9 stations, and Ec14 (Extremely-arid zone with cold winter and hot summer) with one station were the largest and smallest climate zones, respectively. Results of the Mann-Kendall test and trend line slope, for UNEP aridity index showed that the aridity and desertification intensity have increased in different parts of the area during 28 years.

The strategic orientation responds to the business environmental changes. Appling the appropriate strategy to gain an understanding of the existing opportunities leads to the development of new products and the creation of the competitive advantages over competitors. The present research in terms of purpose is practical and regarding the data collection method is descriptive-survey. It has been examined the impact of the strategic orientation on the performance of the new product development. The statistical population of the study consisted of the 260 furniture retailers and providers. Using the Cochran formula and the simple- random sampling method, 155 individuals were selected as the sample size. The required data were collected through standard questionnaires. To analyse data and examine the hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling method (SEM) using Partial Least Squares method (PLS) has been applied. The research findings indicate that the strategic orientation influences the performance of the new product development. It was also concluded that the market trending, technological orientation, entrepreneurial orientation and network orientation have a significant effect on the performance of the new product development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of social networks of female entrepreneurs on job motivation with the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. The statistical population of the study includes all the 148 female entrepreneur business owners at the Thirteenth Women Entrepreneurship Development Conference. 106 of the introduced women were selected as sample by using simple random sampling. The current research in the terms of purpose was an applied research and it was a descriptive-survey regarding the data collection. The essential data has been collected by questionnaire administering. The data analysis was conducted via the structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the research indicated that the social networks of female entrepreneurs had a positive significant effect on entrepreneurial alertness and their job motivation. It was also concluded that social networks of female entrepreneurs had indirect effects on job motivation through the mediating variable of entrepreneurial alertness. Regarding the relationship of entrepreneurship women's social networks to their job motivation, women could improve their business performance and motivation through extended and effective communication in the social networks.

The current research in the terms of purpose is practical and it is descriptive-survey based on data collection. It has been investigated The relationship of social networks on the women's business performance with the role of mediating entrepreneurial alertness and gender discrimination.The statistical population of the study includes the148 Iranian female business owners who attended the 13th Women's Entrepreneurship Development Conference. Using Cochran's formulas and Simple Random sampling, the sample size has been consisted of 106 women. The essential data has been collected by questionnaire. The data analysis has been conducted by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares and the statistical software PLS Smart was used. The research findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the social networks and the women's business performance regarding the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness and the gender discrimination. Since the social networks influence the women's business performance, so women could improve their business performance through extended and effective communication in the social networks.

In the future decades, climate change will influence the food and water security,and there are substantive evidences indicating that the developing countries will confront extensive pressure from the disastrous consequences of this climate change. The agricultural section is the most vulnerable section to the climate changes due to its dependence on the condition of water resources and changes of temperature. The aim of the present study is to assess the influence of the climate changes on the influential climate indicators for the production of the pastiches in Sabzervar. In this regard, SDSM software has been used for the down scaling of the data of the second generation of canESM2 that has been modeled by the Canadian center of climate change under the new climate change scenarios. In this study, the daily data of meteorological stationincluding the maximum, minimum and average of temperature and the level of rain on the daily basis from 1976-2005 from the Meteorological Organization are obtained. This study has used the effective climate-agricultural parameters on the growth of pastiches which are divided into two indexes of temperature and rain in a general classification. The temperature indicators are both seasonal and annual which the seasonal indexes include the average, maximum and the minimum of the temperature of the growth season, DTR or daily temperature range (maximum and minimum temperature difference) during a month.Additionally, the annual indexes include the number of annual days with a minimumor maximum temperature less than 10thpercent and more than 90percent of the number of the frozen days and the length of the period withoutice. The index of rain include total annual precipitation, total rainfall of growth season, rainfall in different stages of the growth season, the number of the days with more than 95percent(very humid days), the percent of the registered rainfall in very humid days as well as the maximum dry season or DPL. Due to the semi-arid climate of the region and the summer with low level of rainfall, the level of evaporation is calculated by the formula of evaporation and perspiration of the plants. To assess the stages of the climate indexes in different phonological stages, the tests of Man-Kendall (Z) and Steady-axis tiltare used. Also to study the consequences of climate changes on the structure of the effective climate parameters on the production of pastiches the outputs of the model CanESM2 under the scenarios of (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) for the period of 2011-2040 are used. The time of the beginning of flowering for pastiches from the period 1976-2005 is from March 20 to the October 27 for six months. The obtained outputs from the used indexes in the research show that the average parameter and the maximum and minimum of the temperature of the growth season have a significant trend. Analysis of the averagerange of daily temperature during the month of cultivation or DTR does not show any significant process. Assessment of the indexes of cold nights and days shows a significantdecrease.This process is incremental for the two indexes of warm nights and days. The results from of annual temperature indexes show that the climate is moving towards warming. Analysis of the parameters of total annual precipitation (250mm), the percentage of the annual precipitation on very humid days (82 percent) and the length of dry period (122days) indicates the dry and low rainfall condition of the region. The result obtained from the sub- scaling data of model Canesm2 under the scenarios of RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP8.5 for the period of 2011-2040 showed that the flowering stages ofpastiches in the coming years will start sooner than the base climate. The average indexes of the growth season, the minimum and maximum temperature has increased for all three scenariosthan the base time.The daily range has not changed much due to the increase in both parameters (maximum and minimum). Despite the increase of the temperatureduring the simulation process the number of the warm nights and days does not changedmuch compared to the basic climate. Assessment of the annual indexes of the number of nights and cold days indicates an increase in this index in comparison with the observed period. The frozen days also indicate a slightdecrease of one day for the upcoming period. The ice-free period has increased over the coming years. The average length of the dry period in the decade was increased by 14 days.The results gained from the rate of evaporation shows that in the future the demand for water in all scenarios has risen like the basic course. The climate elements play a crucial role in the growth of the plants and are considered uncontrollable parameters for agriculture. In this research the effects of climate change on the effective temperature and rainfall indexes on the pistachio production was studied in Sabzevar station by using the output model of Canesm2 under the new scenarios of climate change from 2011-2040. The output from the study of the average temperature of the growth season for the base period showed that this parameter has an increasing trend of about 0.6 ° C per decade. The assessment of the effects of climate change on the indices used in the study for the study area showed that the average temperature for RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the growing season in the range of 0.6 to 0.8 ° C in decades has increased trend This has led to an accelerated flowering and a quicker examination of the product than the observation period.The acceleration of phonology stages is the most important consequence of climate change in agriculture. Studying the consequences of climate change on the applied indexes of this case study showed that the average temperature forRCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5 during the growth season has increased 6 percent per year. This increase has made the flowering and ripping stage faster than before.The acceleration of phonological processes is the most important consequence of climate change in agriculture. The results obtained from precipitation in all scenarios indicate a decrease in the base time. The water requirement of the product has increased in the coming decades due to rising temperatures and lower rainfall. Therefore, according to the stated content, the water needed for the product should be provided by modifying the cultivation pattern, proper management of water resources and new irrigation methods.

Gavkhoni wetlands in terms of geography conditions, environmental and three factors hydrological , biological and ecological gives rise to the rarest wetland of iran in recent due to climatic conditions change, pollution and moving smooth has been subjectedchange and evolution .In this study has tried that by identification the process of change land use in this range in 17 years period as well as the changes the primary element of climate (temperature and precipitation) in synoptic stations of the Isfahan and Varzaneh, can be identified the desertification in the study area and in some way to help the environmental management this hole. Therefore at first the ETM satellite images area of study during the 1990, 1999 and 2006 prepared and by use of ENVI and GIS were analyzed.Untill obtained the information needed to evaluate quantitatively the changes. The results showed that due to the destruction of wetlands, related phenomena like variety and vegetation density and catchment area has declined .continuing to analyze desertification, view of climate first by using Thornthwaite method experimental procedure was evaluated evaporation and transpiration changes in Stations of Varzaneh and isfahan, finally were calculated the process of this change and temperature and precipitation by using Mann-Kendal and Sen's Estimator. The results showed components, temperature and evaporation and transpiration have significant rising trend in most months of the year, especially summer and autumn. On the other rainfull parameters in the two season, However, no clear trend , but it has fallen In fact, all these factors intensified the desertification of the area studied.

The supply chain includes a set of factors and organizations that were involved (service), from the beginning, in production next in consumption and finally in the reproduction cycle of products. The sustainable supply chain, along by the chain, puts emphasis on the three social, environmental and economic aspects.
The current research has been investigated the impact of technological innovation on the sustainable supply chain indicators. This study, in the terms of purpose, is practical, and first it has been identified the indicators by studying the previous literatures. Then, a questionnaire has been prepared in order to evaluate the relationship among indicators. The statistical population consists of the 79 experts and experienced people who are familiar with the mechanism of the manufacturing and service companies. The data analysis has been performed by PLS software using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques.
The findings indicate that the technological innovation has significant impact on the social, environmental and economic performance of the supply chain. In addition, the activity type of company does not moderate the relationship of the technological innovation with the social, environmental and economic performance of the supply chain.

Climate is an important factor affecting human health. Structure and function of the human body is influenced by climate and reacts to changes in climate parameters. In this study, the relationship between climate parameters and mortality of urban population has been studied in Esfahan. Mortality data related to three diseases (cardio-vascular, respiratory and stroke) were collected form municipality of Esfahan during the 1384-1389 period and for the same period daily climate data were obtained from the meteorological organization of Iran. The relationship between mortality and climate parameters was studied with pearson correlation coefficient and T- test as a statistical examination of two population means was used to determine the seasonal variation in mortality. The results showed there was a direct correlation between mortality and some of climate parameters (humidity, pressure, and precipitation) while this correlation for sunshine and temperature (minimum, maximum and average) was reversed. Among three diseases cardiovascular showed the greatest sensitivity to climate parameters. T-test results also showed that there are significant differences (p<0.05) between seasons in disease mortality

Climate is one of the most important factors in determining the suitable time for recreation and tourism industry. The high population of Isfahan, its suitable location at the center of Iran and having great tourism attractions has made it to be recognized as the tourism core in Iran. In this study, in order to determine the suitable time for recreation and tourism in Isfahan, the bioclimatical indexes (PET, PMV, SET) of Rayman model were used. For this purpose climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, cloudiness and the wind speed were obtained form the Iranian Meteorological organization (1995- 2008) period. Finally, considering the long-term average of the parameters mentioned above, the values of the indexes SET, PET, and PMV were calculated and the climate comfort time was determined. The results which are presented as calendar time show that, according to the results of PET& PMV indexes, the days 1-17 April & 20 October - 6 November are the best time period for recreation and tourism in Isfahan. But, according to the outputs of SET index, although the climatic comfort period is in the same months, but prolonged heat stresses was the dominant condition which can’t be compatible with climate reality of the area. Finally, a comparison among 3 indexes showed that PET and PMV indexs were more compatible with Bioclimatic conditions of the study area.