الهه لعل منفرد

Respiratory illnesses resulting from dust exposure have a long history as occupational diseases, constituting approximately 60% of work-related health issues. The aim of this research was to employ the protection motivation theory in examining the proper utilization of respirators by employees at the Alumina Company of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 on 430 workers from the Alumina Company of Iran who were selected as a cluster. Each of the 22 operating sites in Alumina Company of Iran was considered a cluster and 8 sites were randomly selected. The data measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were also checked. Data collection was done using SPSS 22 statistical software and statistical models. Descriptive, T-Test, ANOVA, correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis were analyzed.

The results showed that the average age of the participants was 41.17±7.83 years. In the regression model, perceived sensitivity and perceived response cost (p < 0.05) were significantly predictive of behavior. Among the constructs of motivational theory, perceived sensitivity was a predictor of behavior (p<0.05, B=35%). Among the demographic variables, only the variables of education (F=3/122, P=0.026) and smoking had a significant relationship with the behavior score (F=3/59, P=0.005) and other variables had a significant relationship.

The perceived sensitivity and perceived cost rise, there is an increase in the utilization of respirators among individuals. Therefore, it is imperative to develop educational initiatives and interventions aimed at enhancing protective and safety practices, drawing from the constructs of protection motivation theory. It is crucial to highlight the significance of respirator usage among workers, and it is recommended that further exploration of this research be conducted across various industries.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and related factors in children aged 7 and 8 years.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 2229 elementary school students aged 7 and 8 years old using the census method. A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using Chi-square, One-way ANOVA, Independent Sample t-test, and logistic regression.

The mean (standard deviation) of total DMFT of students was 3.65 (2.98). The mean (standard deviation) of DMFT for the 7-year-old and 8-year-old age groups were 3.95 (3.23) and 3.65 (2.93), respectively. The DMFT level of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (p<0.05). The prevalence of dental caries among all students, 7-year-old and 8-year-old students were 82%, 83.22% and 81.33%, respectively. The results of logistic regression showed that there was a significant relationship between mother's education level and insurance with DMFT index (p<0.05).

Due to the high prevalence of decay of deciduous teeth in 7- and 8-year-old students, training courses to enhance oral health literacy for parents and students, increasing children's access to oral health services can be effective in preventing dental caries in children.

One of the effective factors in improving the psychological state of students is positive thinking. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing positive thinking behavior based on the theory of planned behavior in students.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 632 undergraduate students using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Pearson correlation, One-Way ANOVA, Independent samples t-test, linear regression).

The mean (± standard deviation) of positive thinking was 20.28 (± 3.29). According to the results, 60% of students had high positive thinking, 28% had moderate positive thinking and 2% had weak positive thinking. Results of linear regression showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, and positive thinking behavior were able to predict 26% of the variances for positive thinking scale, and constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting positive thinking (P<0.001).

Based on the results, the theory of planning behavior can be used as an appropriate theory for conducting educational and interventions programs in the field of positive thinking. Also, constructs of perceived behavioral control and attitude had the most impact on predicting studentschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) positive thinking, and it is necessary to pay more attention to these issues in educational programs.

Disasters and accidents are the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and cancers in the world. The purpose study of domestic accidents prevention behaviors based on protection motivation theory among mothers with children less than 6 years covered by health centers in Torbat Heydariyeh

This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that 204 people mothers with children less than 6 years were enrolled in a multi-stage cluster approach The data collection tools was researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were reviewed and confirmed and was Includes two parts 1- demographic information 2- Structure of Theories of motivational protection. Data analysis was done in 95% confidence level using SPSS version 16 and analyzed using Descriptive and analytical tests

The mean of age was 29.4±6.51. Mean score of self-efficacy32.6±5 and Perceived vulnerability20.6±3.7and Perceived cost 11.3±3.7and Perceived severity12.5±1.7and Response Efficiency 16.3±2.4and Perceived rewards 6.1±1.6 and Perceived fear 12.8±4 was obtained. and higher education had positive effect on self-care and Also Independent Samples t- Test showed a significant direct relationship between higher education and self-efficacy (r=0.297, P<0.01).

According the effective role of mothers in preventing domestic accidents in children under 6 years old, seems that designing educational interventions based on constructs of the theory of protective motivation can have a decisive role in reducing Home injuries in this age group

Parenting is a complex activity, which includes special procedures and behaviors that affect the child's growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the health action process approach on the parenting skills of girl students’ mothers in Mashhad. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted on 100 mothers (50test and 50control), who had 10-13 year-old girls. Mothers were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire designed based on the health action process approach. The questionnaire also contained the demographic questions and its validity and reliable were completed before and 2months after the intervention. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed by SPSS 16 and descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, and SD) and analytical tests (Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon) at the significance level of 0.05. The Chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of family size, mothers' age category, level of education, and job. The Mann-Whitney test showed that significant difference existed between the experimental and control groups before intervention) P=0.01Z=2.57( only with regard to action planning. Moreover, two months after the intervention, significant differences were observed between the two groups in all constructs. According to the results, the educational intervention based on the structures of the health action process approach can have a positive impact on mother's parenting skills.

Today, with increasing the lifespan, the importance of health-promoting behavior and paying attention to maintaining individuals' function and autonomy are becoming increasingly evident and regular physical activity is considered as one of the important aspects of healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to apply the theory of planned behavior to predict the intention to do physical activity in the elderly. This study was conducted on the 371 elderly. A three-part questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, and theory of planned behavior questions was used. The views of the elderly were requested directly in this regard. According to the results, the elderly’s mean age was 69 and the sample included 53% women. The behavior intention in this study had a positive significant correlation with all planned behavior theory constructs. The perceived behavior control construct hold the most prediction power regarding the variance of the elderly’s intention of physical activity behavior. The constructs of theory could predict 26.7% of the variance of intention. Based on the results of this study, the theory of planned behavior was successful in predicting the elderly’s intention to do physical activity and the necessity of paying attention to the component is emphasized to teach intention to elderly people, considering the role of the perceived behavior control construct in predicting behavior intention.

Considering the importance of chronic diabetes and significant impact on patient's quality of life, A study to evaluate health-related quality of life in type II diabetic patients referred to diabetes clinic in Sabzevar And factors associated with planning and designing health promotion interventions in the areas studied
This cross-sectional study in which 197 patients with type II diabetes referred to diabetes clinic participated. Of data through a two-part questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, social and Quality of Life Questionnaire, which has a five physical, psychological, social, economic and disease and treatment, collected and then using SPSS version 16 and using Chi-square tests, ANOVA, t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient were analyzed.
The findings of the study suggests that most participants in the study were in the age group aged 50 to 60, 77.2% female, 85.8% were married, 74.6 percent were housewives. Average quality of life in terms of physical functioning, role limitations due to emotional problems and emotional health and physical pain was good. There was a significant difference between the score of physical function, feeling well and pain according to education (P≤ 0/05).
The findings of this study have informed us about the impact of diabetes on the quality of life of patients with this disease, which can be used to plan the care of chronic patients and improve their quality of life.

By studying the gap between expectations and perceptions of students from educational services, we can provide the base for developing appropriate programs for the improvement of educational services. This study was performed to assess the quality of educational services from the viewpoint of students in the School of Public Health at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 86 students were selected by stratified sampling method in 2014. The standard SERVQUAL questionnaire with three main domains were including; a)demographics; b) individual's perception and c) individual's expectation level in five educational service quality dimensions. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using descriptive statistics and correlation and paired samples T-tests at 0.05 significance level.
There was a quality gap in all educational service quality dimensions. The highest average of quality gap was observed in the reliability(-2.14±1.26) and then in responsiveness (-1.99±1.48), tangibles (-1.72±1.41) and empathy (-1.64±1.28) domains respectively. The lowest average belonged to assurance (-1.38±1.11). There was a statistically significant relationship between the quality gap in different dimensions of educational service quality and its related phrases (p Expectations of students are beyond their perception from current situation and their expectations are not met in any of service dimensions. In attempts to improve the quality of educational services, improving each one of quality dimensions may improveother quality dimensions.

In all populations, bone mass decreases with age, so the researchers in this study sought to study the application of the health belief model (HBM) for adopting preventive behaviors on osteoporosis among women.
This was a quasi-experimental research conducted on 64 middle-aged women (32 in test and 32 in control group). Data collection tools were a questionnaire based on HBM model with demographic questions, the food frequency questionnaire and the standard questionnaire of physical activity. After confirming the content validity and reliability, questionnaires were completed before and 6 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean ± SD) and analytical statistics (correlation coefficient, paired t- test and covariance) and through SPSS 16 at the significance level of 0.05.
Before the intervention, the mean score of HBM model constructs were not significantly different between the two groups. After the intervention, and by controlling for confounding variables the two groups showed significant differences in variables of knowledge, perceived severity, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, perceived benefits and Calcium intake (p The use of health belief model was effective in adopting the prevention of osteoporosis and improving calcium intake in women, but it did not lead to the desired results in regard to improving physical activity behavior.

One of the most important health problems in the modern society is reduced appropriate physical activity by people. The five-step counselling process, which is composed of five essential principles in health counselling, can help to improve health behaviors, such as physical activity, in different individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an educational intervention using the five-step counseling process based on the stage of change construct on physical activity promotion in female-employees working in Toos Industrial State factories, Mashad, Iran.
This was a controlled intervention study including 76 women working in the Mashad industrial estate factories, Iran, divided into an experimental (n=36) and a control (n=40) group. Data were collected using the standard Marcus Physical Activity Stages of Change Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which measures physical activity at three levels of light, moderate and severe, and analyzed using the SPSS software; a P The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences before the consultation intervention between the two study groups as regards the stage of change and level of physical activity (p>0.05). Further analysis of the data revealed that the intervention had caused increases in both the physical activity and stage of change (P Based on the findings, it is concluded that the five-step counselling process is effective in promoting physical activity and can be used as an appropriate strategy by health professionals in the health-service delivery centers and organizations to promote the health behaviors of people.

Human in this period in the adaptability to the environment and his/her job is forced to undergo constraints and pressures. If we have extreme job stress, it can create physical, mental, behavioral complications for the individual, and in turn jeopardize his/her health. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of physical activity training on worker burnout. In this semi-experimental study, which was carried out among 200 employees of Electricity Office, City Hall, the Governor and the Department of Education of Agh Ghala county, north of Iran. The employees were selected by random sampling. A three-part questionnaire (Demography, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)) was used for collecting data. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 and descriptive statistics and independent t test, paired t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA test; significant level was considered 0.05 in all analyses. 57.5% of the employees were men and 91% were married. Average age was 38.52±7.86 years. Results showed that the mean of physical activity had increased after the intervention and with the increase in physical activity the mean of lack of job accomplishment decreased, which in turn shows increase in employees’ job satisfaction. And with the decrease in the mean of depersonalization, employees’ relationship with coworkers and those receiving services improved. Physical activity is one of the ways of reducing depersonalization and lack of accomplishment among employees.

Adopting the academic lifestyle environment، as a new life style، make the using of advisors unavoidable for students. The aim of the present study is to investigate Students'' perspective about duties and performances of academic advisors in the school of Health of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2013.

In this descriptive and cross- sectional study، 97 students were selected using stratified and simple sampling method. A the researcher made questionnaire including 34 items in 3 fields، which has been designed for each duties and performances of academic advisors from the students'' perspective، were used to gather data which has been analyzed using descriptive statistics، t-test and ANOVA by SPSS 16. 5 at 0. 05 significant level.

The main duties of advisors from the students perspective، respectively، were: to familiarize the students with rules and regulations of universities (3. 9±1. 4)، to evaluate the student’s academic achievements (3. 2±1. 4) and to prepare the students to accept the future responsibility (2. 97±1. 4). As about 10. 3% of the students ranked the advisors performance as good، 56. 7% as moderate and 33% as weak.

the students evaluated the duties of the academic advisors as important but the performance of the advisors was not satisfactory from their perspective. The counseling process should consider as a specialty task which need education and we need to facilitate the relation between University Counseling Office and the academic advisors to promote their knowledge and performance.

Introduction and In all societies، with the increase of age bone mass also decreases. Osteoporosis is a common disease among middle-age and older persons، especially women. Therefore، the necessity of implementing strategic plans to prevent osteoporosis is significantly important. This study was designed to determine the prediction of osteoporosis preventive behaviors through the use of the Health Belief Model (HBM). This cross-sectional study was done among 402 women in Mashhad in 2014. A multi-stage cluster sampling was used. In order to gather collection a questionnaire consistent with the structures of HBM and IPAQ and FFQ was used. Data were analyzed using the SPSS16 and descriptive analysis (frequency، percentage، mean ± SD) and analysis (correlation coefficient، regression and Linear regression). The significance level was 0. 5. The mean age of the participants were 36. 5 ± 8. 1 years. Average monthly calcium intake was 14703. 1 ± 8377. 5 mg; 63. 7% of the people with lower physical activity were among inactive groups. Construct barriers perceived (p = 0. 008) had a significant impact on the feeding behavior of calcium intake. Self- efficacy (p> 0. 001) had a significant impact on physical activity behavior. The results showed that the HBM to predict well for osteoporosis preventive behaviors in women. Its use in training programs will be effective. Type of Article: Research paper.

Growth spurt during adolescence, particularly the occurrence of menstruation in girls, increases their nutritional needs. The present study aimed at determining the effect of nutrition education on nutritional knowledge and Behavior of secondary school female students in the city of Birjand. In this quasi-experimental study, 120 second grade secondary students in Birjand in 2012 were selected through two-stage cluster sampling method and were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Data collection tool was a questionnaire which was completed by the students both before and one month after intervention. The obtained data was analyzed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics including chi-square, independent and paired t-tests, and ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05 using SPSS software (V:16). Mean scores of nutritional knowledge in the intervention group after education increased from 21.35±4.57 to 26.66±4.4 (P>0.001) and their mean performance increased from 1.84±7.39 to 1.86±8.31 (P<0.04). A significant difference in mean scores of knowledge between the control group and the intervention group was observed (P<0.05). However, performance mean difference between the two groups was not significant. Education through lecture and asking/answering questions can significantly increase adolescents’ awareness and to some extent, their nutritional performance, although more effective methods are advised to promote the situation.

Developing course plan is essential for an effective education. to evaluate the course plan implementation, students can be surveyed. This study aim to assess the compliance between what the teacher's taught and the course plans of various courses from the viewpoint of students who enrolled in the School of Public Health (SPH) of Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS.(

In this descriptive and cross- sectional study, 138 students were asked about specialized course plans implementation in the second semester of the academic year 2011-2012 year. A6-scale Likert questionnaire which has been designed for each course separately were used to gather data which has been analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA by SPSS 16.5 at 0.05 significant level.

Minimum and Maximum compliances were 18.8% and 100% respectively. On average, the compliances was 77.0±20.6. No significant correlations were observed between academic rank and compliances of taught content. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of different educational levels (P<0.05, f=5.8).

Monitoring of implementation of the curriculum, along with empowering the teachers about developing and using their own course plan may improve the Alignment between the course plans and the taught materials.