امیر ذاکری

The present study was conducted in order to identify strategies and mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of cooperation between universities and industry in Iran and to determine their impact on the six levels of cooperation between the parties. From the point of view of the approach, this research is a mixed and exploratory method, and the seven-step hybrid method of Sandelowski and Barroso and the descriptive-survey method were used.Therefore, 32 articles presenting the model was selected and using the metacombination method of strategies and mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of industry and university cooperation in Iran, statistics and in the quantitative part of the research, prioritization of their impact on the cooperation levels of the parties was done using Friedman's statistical test. Based on the results of this research, it was found that in the first, second and third levels of industry-university cooperation in Iran, individual relationships are the key players, adopting new strategies and facilitating and supporting mechanisms such as identifying key players, identifying main stakeholders, creating research and research centers has the greatest impact on the cooperation of the parties. In the fourth, fifth and sixth levels of cooperation, where organizational relations are the main axis, adopting new strategies and mechanisms for systematizing cooperation, such as promoting the culture of joint cooperation, creating a sustainable financing system, creating a knowledge-based joint cooperation ecosystem, and creating a joint research and research cooperation system have the greatest impact. on the cooperation of the parties.

In the modern business environment, the importance of knowledge as a strategic asset has significantly increased, as organizations recognize its crucial role in achieving efficiency and competitive advantage. Knowledge sharing, a fundamental aspect of knowledge management, is greatly enhanced by the use of information technology (IT). IT improves the speed and accuracy of knowledge dissemination both within and between organizations. Inter-organizational knowledge-sharing systems are essential for fostering collaboration among organizations. However, these systems face challenges not only from individual and organizational factors but also from social, technical, and political factors that span across organizational boundaries. The effective use of IT in knowledge sharing allows organizations to leverage their collective expertise and resources, thereby improving decision-making processes and innovation capabilities. Furthermore, the integration of IT systems in knowledge sharing facilitates real-time communication and collaboration, enabling organizations to respond swiftly to changes in the market and other external environments. This underscores the strategic importance of developing robust inter-organizational knowledge-sharing systems that can navigate the complexities of various influencing factors.

Literature Review:

Existing research on inter-organizational knowledge sharing has primarily concentrated on specific contexts such as supply chains, virtual organizations, and multinational corporations. These studies have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms and benefits of knowledge sharing in these settings. For example, in supply chains, effective knowledge sharing can lead to improved efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced customer satisfaction. In virtual organizations, it supports seamless collaboration despite geographical distances. In multinational corporations, it helps in harmonizing operations across different regions and cultures. However, these studies have largely overlooked the dynamics of knowledge sharing within collaborative processes where organizations work together towards shared objectives. This research aims to address this gap by exploring the factors influencing knowledge sharing in collaborative settings. By focusing on collaborative processes, this study seeks to uncover the underlying dynamics and identify the key factors that can enhance or hinder effective knowledge sharing among organizations working towards common goals.

This research is quantitative with correlational techniques, conducted within the "Namad" inter-organizational communication system. The target population includes all users of the Namad system in Alborz Province, with a sample size of 338 out of 2800 users, calculated using Cochran’s formula. Stratified proportional sampling was employed, with questionnaires distributed to randomly selected members from various groups. Questionnaire content validity was ensured by expert review, and reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. The SRMR index was 0.091, indicating model fit, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using SmartPLS version 3. This methodological approach ensures a comprehensive analysis of the factors influencing knowledge sharing and provides robust and reliable results that can be generalized to similar contexts.

The results confirm the impact of knowledge workers, peers, systems, organizations, and coalitions on knowledge sharing through inter-organizational knowledge-sharing systems. Among these factors, knowledge workers and peers had the most significant impact on inter-organizational knowledge sharing. Knowledge workers' influence is significantly shaped by their technical self-efficacy and mindset, while peers' impact is largely driven by trust and relationships. The analysis revealed that knowledge workers, due to their expertise and experience, play a crucial role in facilitating knowledge sharing. Their ability to effectively use IT tools and their willingness to share knowledge significantly contribute to the overall success of inter-organizational knowledge sharing. Similarly, peers influence knowledge sharing through established trust and strong interpersonal relationships. Trust between peers ensures the reliability and accuracy of shared knowledge, which is critical in collaborative environments.

The analysis shows that knowledge workers have the most significant impact on inter-organizational knowledge sharing, influenced by factors like technical self-efficacy and mindset. Colleagues also play a crucial role, with trust and relationships being key. While trust is important, it has less impact in structured participatory processes. Systems for knowledge sharing are vital, as are organizational factors like infrastructure and leadership. Regulatory frameworks have the highest impact, while IT integration has the least, due to the use of a unified system by all members.

The findings highlight the necessity of prioritizing measures to enhance knowledge transfer functions within the system. Creating a supportive environment for knowledge workers and fostering peer interactions are vital for improving knowledge-sharing practices. By addressing these key factors, organizations can enhance their collaborative efforts and achieve better outcomes in delivering social services to students. This research provides valuable insights for both scholars and operational managers, contributing to the advancement of inter-organizational knowledge sharing in collaborative settings. The main recommendations of this research include training employees for effective use of the system, designing a user-friendly system, securing managerial support and utilizing reward systems, and obtaining legal and financial support through lobbying to facilitate knowledge sharing. These actions are expected to enhance the system's performance and increase collaboration between organizations.

Despite the significant role of exports in the development of the country's economy and the increasing penetration of digital technologies in businesses, there are still many obstacles and challenges to the use of digital technologies, such as management challenges, lack of sufficient capacity to use new technologies, infrastructural barriers, and sanctions especially for Iranian firms and for SMEs, etc. Also, the smaller the scale of these companies, the higher the risk they will face. In another word, the competitive environment and political and economic problems become more complicated for exporting firms and young SMEs, and low-experienced ones. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct some local research in this field due to the relative lack of existing research. Therefore, the question arises whether the digitalization of companies, despite those limitations and challenges, has been able to affect export performance, and if the answer is yes, how this effect has been. Thus, our main goal is to investigate the direct and indirect effects of digitalization on export performance and evaluate the mediating role of export readiness among SMEs. Focusing on SMEs internationalization among the Iranian companies in this research is considered an innovative matter. 

This research is considered as an applied one. To design the questionnaire, after library studies and a review of available documents, the interviewes have been done with several university academics and export experts. After applying their opinion, a questionnaire was designed as a data collection tool. Then the validity and reliability of this questionnaire were checked and approved. The statistical population of this research is all Iranian small and medium-sized companies that are active in the field of export and have experience using at least one of the e-commerce processes, including buying, selling, transferring, and exchanging goods or providing information through the Internet. Due to the lack of a specific database of export SMEs, 70 SMEs were specified as the statistical sample size according to the opinion of some academics. The sampling method in this research was non-random and the questionnaire was distributed among 70 available export companies. Respondents to the questionnaire were considered to be one representative of each company. Therefore, the measurement units in this research are companies. After collecting the data, the structural equation method was used to explain the theoretical model and analyze the research assumptions. SPSS 27 and SmartPLS 3 were used for analyzing data.

The results of collecting the responses of 70 export SMEs showed that the average value of main variables were upper than half (2.5<) and Digitalization was equal to 2.94, export readiness was equal to 3.16, and export performance was equal to 2.68. Additionally, the digitalization components were correlated with export readiness and export performance. Furthermore, all factor loadings were 95% significant. Then we find out that digitalization has direct and indirect effects on export performance. However, the amount of indirect effect through the mediation of the role of export readiness has been higher. It was also confirmed that digitalization strengthens export readiness and strengthening export readiness leads to increased export performance.

In the context of the direct impact of digitalization on export performance, the results showed that despite the challenges such as management challenges, enforced sanctions, and other export obstacles that companies especially small and medium-sized ones are faced, digitalization has been able to directly increase their export performance. Also, the effect of digitalization on export performance was confirmed indirectly. The findings of this research confirmed that digitalization in the four dimensions of digital infrastructure, e-commerce, electronic business processes, and digital marketing has been able to improve the export readiness of companies in the fields of management capability, employee competence, access to more financial resources, knowledge management and application of lessons learned and previous experiences in export, competitive advantage in international markets, level of technical knowledge and expertise, ability to analyze financial issues, international marketing performance (in the field of branding, advertising, negotiation, pricing, and distribution), logistics, and access to statistics and information. On the other hand, those companies that had higher export readiness showed higher export performance. Based on this, export readiness has been able to play a mediating role in the relationship between digitalization and export performance. However, regarding the comparison of the effectiveness of digitalization in two direct and indirect ways on export performance, the findings of the research indicate that this relationship was stronger indirectly and through the mediating role of export readiness. Since the effectiveness of digitalization on export performance is stronger through the indirect route and the mediating role of export readiness, managers should keep in mind that if planning for digitalization is done to strengthen each of the components related to export readiness, it can have a greater impact on the export their business perform. To localize and develop the current model, researchers can repeat the research separately for different industries and regions and check the effect of digitalization on export performance for each condition.

Knowledge-based exports have emerged as a source of economic growth in many nations worldwide, including Iran. This study aims to explore knowledge-based export diversification strategies among stakeholders operating in Iran's electronic industry through qualitative methodology using an oriented content analysis approach and semi-structured interviews with high-level executives and consultants. The findings indicate three main diversification path which includes SMEs, Intermediaries and value chain leaders. Intermediaries categorized in export management companies, consortiums and innovation centers. These results will help policymakers to develop new policies regarding the export of technical knowledge, fables production, the formation of export intermediaries, and promoting participation of knowledge-based componies in market leader companies value chains.

Today, the participation and promotion of countries in the global value chain is considered essential for economic development. Technological capabilities are also known as one of the most important factors affecting promotion. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying the promotion factors in the global value chain using a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. After collecting interviews from 13 active companies at different levels of the global value chain in the leather industry, promotion factors were identified by thematic analysis using Nvivo software. The results show that companies to upgrade in the global value chain in the leather industry need various factors such as; the creation of a research and development unit, biotechnology technologies in leather tanning, updating machinery, new methods in wastewater treatment and chrome recovery, optimal use of chemicals, and new nanotechnology methods. These factors are also dependent on all three infrastructures of investment, production, and linkage to create and develop to upgrade to higher levels in the value chain. Among the effective factors in investing are access to financial resources and having a development plan, in the production sector, updating machinery and skills, training specialized forces, absorbing modern knowledge to improve the quality and variety of products. In the linkage department, communication with educational institutions and research centers to improve the quality of products and also develop branding at the international level is one of the effective factors.

Stopping the increasing trend of globalization as a result of various political and social developments has caused attention to be drawn from global value chains to regionalism and the development of regional value chains. This can be a special opportunity for our country, which has largely been deprived of the benefits of the globalization of production, but has good regional power and sphere of influence. The aim of this research is to understand the conceptual dimensions of the regional value chain in recent increasing studies and further to understand the place of regional agreements in the creation of these chains. For this purpose, based on the review of the research background, the recent studies in the field of regional value chain have been categorized first, and then a conceptual framework of the role of regional agreements in the development of regional value chains has been presented including four axes of the creation of trade, reduction of production costs, allocation of production factors, and incentives for competition and innovation. In order to understand more precisely the dimensions of the role of regional links as the central mechanism of creating these chains, a case study has been conducted on three important regional agreements including ASEAN, Eurasia and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and their role in development. Regional value chains are explained. In this research, the key approaches for Iran's effective presence in regional production are presented by leveraging expected results from regional trade agreements.

The development of non-oil exports is of great importance for a country whose industry is based on the export of oil and its derivatives. Given the emergence of technology-based industries in the past two decades and the increasing importance of the technology economy, focusing on the development of exports of innovation and technology-based products is more necessary than ever. Therefore, examining the existing supportive policies in the country and successful global models to optimize and increase the effectiveness of these policies is crucial.This research examines the supportive policies of the Vice Presidency for Science, Technology, and Knowledge-Based Economy in the development of exports of innovation and technology-based products and formulates an optimal model for supporting knowledge-based businesses. This study has been conducted using scientific research methods, and its results can be extended to other supportive institutions such as the Trade Promotion Organization, the Small Industries and Industrial Parks Organization of Iran, and the Innovation and Prosperity Fund of the Presidency.To achieve the research objectives, qualitative case studies were conducted, and other research areas were reviewed. Additionally, semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists in the fields of export and technology were conducted to gather their opinions.The obtained data indicate that supportive policies have been analyzed in three approaches: government-oriented, firm-oriented, and intermediary-oriented, and an optimal model based on these approaches has been proposed. The research results reveal that the executive policies in the country’s governmental structures, especially in the Vice Presidency for Science and Technology, have weaknesses that need to be addressed and improved. Among these weaknesses are the need for more attention to the export of knowledge-based companies, decentralization from reliance on budget and financial support, and maximum utilization of innovation and technology infrastructure in the country. Additionally, attention to the network of Iranians abroad and extracting comprehensive statistics on the official and unofficial exports of these companies are other important points for improving supportive policies.

Today, export and effective presence in the global economy is a basic need for the economic growth of any country. Internationalization has been defined as a reflection of the interests and enthusiasm of entrepreneurs to operate based on the opportunities available in foreign markets. Taking advantage of the competitive advantage in the new market, increasing income, access to new technologies and shortening the communication channels between the customer and the market are among the advantages of internationalization, which, of course, require overcoming many existing obstacles, especially the existing cognitive distance between origin and destination countries. On the other hand, one of the important features of today's world is the cultural diversity in different nations and societies, which also affects different dimensions of business success. In such an environment, the presence of people who have the ability to deeply understand different cultures and communicate effectively is one of the most important requirements for the success of companies in the field of export. Among the necessary competencies of entrepreneurs to be present in the international arena is benefiting from the ability to understand the external environment, which is called “cultural intelligence”. The main goal of this research is to identify and conceptually explain the dimensions of cultural intelligence of international entrepreneurs and export managers, and as a result, to provide a solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. In fact, in this research, the process of strengthening the cultural intelligence of companies in the process of internationalization has been explored and conceptualized in order to determine how companies succeed in achieving more success in international business by exploiting the cultural intelligence of their employees. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and export experts with education and experience related to international interactions. Key points and points of view were obtained from each interview, and the content of each interview was a guide to improve the next interview. According to the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with the method of grounded theory in this research, we managed to explain a concept suitable for the context of the country of the factors effective in cultural intelligence in international business. The results show that the cultural intelligence of people depends on several factors. It depends that identifying and understanding them is necessary to reach a suitable solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian individuals and companies. Meanwhile, some factors directly and some indirectly affect the central category of the research, which is the cultural intelligence of people. By analyzing the data based on the theory development method through three stages of coding keywords and screening from general sentences to concepts and then clarifying the categories, key categories were calculated. The final categories were separated in the form of three causal, contextual and environmental categories in order to better determine the impact of each on the cultural intelligence of people. The paradigm model shows the flow of processes and activities that happened in the context of the study. The purpose of the model extracted in this research is to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. The research model obtained using final categories shows that personality traits and family background as causal and contextual categories directly affect the central phenomenon (cultural intelligence and international interactions), as well as economic stability and the level of relationships. Iran's commercial and political relations with foreign countries as an environmental category affect the central phenomenon and the adopted strategies. It can be concluded that paying attention to the selection of suitable people with a high degree of cultural intelligence by companies and also providing necessary cultural training are two main strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence and strengthen the export power of each company. The structure of categories affecting cultural intelligence based on research findings is elaborated. Causal categories are conditions and individual characteristics that have a direct impact on the central phenomenon of the research. Creativity, extroversion, attention and follow-up, desire for adventure, are four elements that each lead a person to experience a new space and start a new job. Also, appropriate strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian companies applying for export were explained. An important strategy to improve and enhance the level of cultural intelligence among Iranian entrepreneurs is to create an interactive and open environment for the presence of foreign companies in Iran. The second strategy is to hold training and counseling sessions for companies and entrepreneurs in the export phase to familiarize themselves with the categories and requirements needed in relations with other nations and cultures. The third strategy is specific to government managers and exporting companies who, in addition to improving their cultural intelligence, should pay special attention to their personality, knowledge and international experience in order to employ individuals in export and interactive fields.

The use of digital platforms in exports has facilitated the path for many companies to increase their share of exports and internationalize. The adoption of this export-oriented approach among Iranian companies has received less attention so far due to insufficient familiarity with the potential capabilities of platforms and the existence of sanction limitations. Therefore, identifying important and influential factors on exports through online platforms, considering the country's conditions, seems necessary.The present research, in terms of objective, application, and research method, combines both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative method, through thematic analysis on the research background and in-depth guided interviews with managers of 12 Iranian exporting companies, important and influential factors were identified and extracted. In the quantitative section, by designing a questionnaire and selecting 10 experts using judgmental sampling method, employing the Delphi method, the level of impact and susceptibility of themes, as well as their mutual relationships, were determined. The results of questionnaire analysis indicated that "the necessity of comprehensive export support from the government" has the highest impact among other factors, and this factor along with "the macroeconomic environment of the country," "technological and internet infrastructures of the country," and "organizational structure and resources of the company" are among the key factors. Additionally, the factor of "positive characteristics of platforms," as an influential factor, has the most interaction with other factors. The present research is theoretically innovative in identifying these factors, as it has collected and presented the factors comprehensively in this area.

Sandwich panels are widely used in aircraft structures, such as the surfaces of the wing, radome and engine cowling, due to their optimal energy absorption compared to their low weight. Nowadays, hybrid sandwich panels are used in the aviation industry due to their different mechanical properties. The structure of sandwich panels consists of two thin layers and a core, the core prevents the effect of out-of-plane shear loads on the surface sheets and supports them against buckling. In this paper, the energy absorption and strength of sandwich panels with 2024-T3 aluminum plate as the shell and 5052 aluminum honeycomb as its core are investigated under quasi-static punch loading using two punchers with flat and spherical cross sections, experimentally and numerically. For numerical analysis, the explicit solution method is used in Abaqus finite element software. Failure modes in this test are classified as wrinkling of the panel, separation of the adhesive layer between the panel and the core, tearing of the panel, crushing of the core of the sandwich panel outside the plate, bending of the core of the sandwich panel inside the plate, and tearing of the core of the sandwich panel. The results of numerical analysis are in good agreement with the results of experimental samples. The minimum amount of energy absorption of sandwich panel experimental samples in the punch penetration test is 21.42 joules and the maximum is 25.13 joules.

Nowadays, sandwich panels are used as light load-bearing structures in most aerospace structures and other industries. Smooth and uniform surfaces, excellent resistance to fatigue, low weight, and good energy absorption are the characteristics of honeycomb panels. In this article, to investigate the energy absorption and strength of sandwich panels with composite skin and the use of an elastomer layer as a layer between the composite skin and aluminum honeycomb core 5052 under quasi-static punch loading, using two mandrels with flat and spherical cross-section. The experimental form has been discussed. The failure modes in this test include wrinkling of the skin, separation of the adhesive layer between the plate and the core, tearing of the plate, crushing of the core of the sandwich panel outside the plate, bending of the core of the sandwich panel inside the plate, rupture of the core of the sandwich panel are classified. By examining the experimental results of the mandrel penetration test, it was determined that the strength and energy absorption of the sandwich panel increased by 20% using the elastomer layer, and the cohesion and adhesion of the skin of the sandwich panel to the core was greatly improved. Using the elastomer layer, in the three-point bending test, the displacement of the sample increased by 8.7 times until reaching the breaking force of the structure.

Governments are an important buyer of goods and services, such a role caused the public procurement, to be recognized as an important policy tool at the disposal of the government to improve the capacity of domestic companies. Directing public procurement to achieve development goals is one of the most important innovation policies on the demand side, which enables governments to create new markets for technological and innovative companies and thereby improve their technological capabilities. The broadcasting industry, as the basic infrastructure of the Iran national media (IRIB), has been considered in this research due to its features such as rapid changes in technology, long life of manufactured products, small domestic market and the intangibility of the social impact of innovative domestic production activities. By adopting a qualitative approach, after reviewing the background of the research, the framework and questions of in-depth interviews were determined and interviews were conducted with fifteen experts in the broadcast industry. Based on the analysis of the content of the identified categories and the extraction of organizing categories and then comprehensive categories, it was found that creating demand and protecting the market, environmental factors and organizational level factors along with the innovation cycle are the most basic categories of using government procurement in promoting technology in this industry .Therefore, it is necessary to seriously consider at least the guarantee of purchase, the development of the domestic and international market by supporting exports, and amending the laws. Finally, Policy implications for promoting exports in the broadcast industry is highlighted.

Due to the existence of multiple complexities, space industries use different models for innovation than manufacturing industries with small projects. Non use the open innovation model suitable and compatible with the complexities in the country's space industry leads to the reduction of effective innovation. In this research, an attempt has been made to present the typology of the open innovation models of the world's space industries by using the meta- synthesis methodology and the review of reliable international sources. Accurately understanding the type of open innovation needed by the country's space industry is a fundamental step in planning the move towards a developed space country. Finally, in this article, 68 optional codes, 25 categories and 5 key themes and 3 species extracted in the research are presented. Open innovation based on crowdsourcing, open innovation based on joint collaborations, and open innovation based on outsourcing are the types identified in this research. In this research, it was found that open innovation in leading space organizations is more based on the use of crowdsourcing to solve problems rather than solely on the basis of outsourcing. Emerging space organizations are also more likely to take advantage of joint corporation with industry and university rather than contracting independently with industry or university.

The digital content industry has the capacity of transferring a countries thoughts and culture in addition to having economic interests. Today the products of this industry can spread easily through the internet and have access to a big global market. To have a better use from the chances of this industry we should identify the requirements needed for internationalization of businesses that work in this sector using best practices, so that we can have policy designs to promote them. The purpose of this research is to identify the requirements of the international activity of the digital content businesses in Iran. So in this research a multiple case study method is used and 6 successful businesses in digital content sector which have the experience of global markets, have been studied from 20 February 2023 to 21 may 2023. For analyzing the interview data and the data from other sources theme analysis have been used and at the end 8 requirements are identified. In the next step the we have assessed the priority of these requirement by using importance-performance analysis, That showed the most important requirements are: “market knowledge (the creation of a market, right advertisement and customer recognition) ”, “supply and training the required human capital (inside the country, the native employees for the abroad offices” and “having suitable and stable condition inside the country ”

To realize the capacities of Iranian technology-based companies in the global markets, there is an urgent need for networking between domestic capabilities and foreign opportunities. International Business Incubators are one of the focal players in creating such communication networks but there is still no proper understanding of their functions in a developing country like Iran. The purpose of this article is to extract the functions, position, and working space of export innovation centers as a hub or communication intermediary in the export network of high-tech companies. In this research, to pursue a multi-case study approach, three Iranian international innovation centers with extensive international experience are selected. By conducting in-depth interviews with 22 managers and experts related to these three centers, the main functions of export innovation centers are identified (the following three theoretical approaches extracted from the research background). By analyzing the categories and themes from the interviews, 11 organizing themes and 5 overarching themes of the role of export innovation centers are identified, which are: export coaching, clustering of companies, weak ties, strong ties, and strategic protection. These roles are presented in a schematic model along with a description of the working space of growth centers and their communication network for export. Also, by evaluating the level of fulfillment of the above roles in three centers, three levels of maturity, growing, foundation, and initiator for an export innovation center are suggested, so that the path of international development towards growth and innovation centers in the country will become clearer.

The government and supporting institutions usually plan and implement programs for the development of companies' exports, whose effectiveness is questioned and evaluated. In this research, we have evaluated the effectiveness of some export development programs of the country's knowledge-based companies in entering international markets and increasing their exports. This article seeks to investigate the effect of support on the transformation of non-exporter companies into exporters, as well as the effect of support on the increase of exports of companies with export experience. The approach of this research is practical and the statistics of the years 2014 to 2019 have been used, which has been analyzed by regression analysis method. The obtained results indicate that the support provided in the three areas of providing information services, facilitating activities and training and learning to knowledge-based companies without export experience has been effective in starting the export of these companies. But these supports have not had a significant effect on the increase in exports of companies that have export experience. The practical suggestion is the need to pay attention to the different needs of companies without export experience and experienced companies. This in itself is an emphasis on the necessity of clarifying the missions of export supporting institutions in order to provide a clear picture of two different goals of quantitatively increasing the number of companies with export experience and/or increasing the country's exports through increasing the exports of experienced companies and the amount of resource distribution based on this.

The necessity of existence of orchestrator in the leadership of innovation networks is emphasized. Venture capitalists have extensive network activities and high influence in the companies they support, which puts them in the position of organizing innovation networks; but the investigation of their roles and capabilities needed for orchestratation has been weak in previous researches. The purpose of the current research is to analyze the roles and capabilities of venture capitalists for orchestratoring innovation networks. For this purpose, in this research, a multiple-case study and data collection was done through a purposeful sampling method with semi-structured interviews with 6 experts active in 3 venture capital companies in Iran, and in order to analyze and integrate the obtained data, a qualitative method of thematic analysis and MaxQDA softwar was used.  According to the obtained results 7 key themes were recognized including, attracting key members, managing knowledge, creating a value chain and cooperation, creating stability and motivating the members of the network and evaluating them, as main orchestrators' role, as well as, required capabilities (including technical, managerial and networking) to be successful in performing these roles. Based on these roles and capabilities, the situation of the three venture capitalists under study was compared and conclusions were drawn regarding the success factors of playing the leadership role of the innovation network by the venture capitalists.

Creative and cultural industries have a great capacity for transferring the cultural concepts of nations so the export of these products is important because of their cultural influence apart from the economic benefits. To help the growth of the cultural export we should discover the barriers and fix them. The purpose of this research is to diagnose these barriers and a mixed method is used to achieve it. In the qualitative part the theme analysis is used to discover the 168 primary codes that were categorized into 41 organizer codes and finally categorized into 10 comprehensive codes. In the quantitative part the questionnaire is designed and 10 experts were selected based on Judgmental sampling method the final codes were prioritized using dematel method. The result of analyzing the questionnaires shows that not doing the governmental duties in cultural industries has the highest impact between the barriers and not doing the governmental duties, the structural and institutional challenges of the creative firms and not paying attention to the institutional factors are the causal barriers. Using the qualitative-quantitative method in this research has made a deep understanding of the export barriers in this field.

Innovation networks as platforms for cooperation across company boundaries, through sharing knowledge, expertise and opportunities, are considered powerful strategies for solving complex problems, and opening the innovation cycle to different actors. This research's aim is to determine the key activities and roles of a facilitator-type orchestration in innovation networks. The National Productivity Network, which aims to attract the participation of all productivity stakeholders in the public and private sector and operates under the auspices of the National Productivity Organization, has been selected as the subject of this research. Next, by studying related documents from the network and conducting 10 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, the required information was collected. To analyze the data, the qualitative method of theme analysis was used, and to illustrate the results, MaxQda software was used. Finally, a network of themes in the field of activities and roles of the Facilitator orchestrator is provided. In a way that activities include 7 universal subjects with titles of attracting members, planning and development of goals, ensuring the vitality of the network, ensuring the continuity of the network, communication and cooperation, identity building, and management knowledge movement in the form of three defined roles of architect, protector, and conductor.

Public research institutes are a type of research and development organizations that have been created with the investment of governments to meet the research needs of the public sector. They have a large number and variety in different countries. Therefore, a proper understanding of the requirements and characteristics of these types of organizations, as well as knowing the main features that differentiate them from each other, is very important for managers and policy makers in the technology field at different levels. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present the typology of these public organizations by applying a meta-synthesis approach and reviewing international original articles, as well as studying documents and annual performance reports of 30 top research institutes in Iran. For this purpose, in the first step and by applying meta-synthesis method, the existing literature was reviewed and the results of text analysis were categorized in the form of 32 selected codes, 9 categories, and 3 themes as indicators of differentiation of these institutions. Then, the selected sample of research institutes was evaluated in the identified concepts to determine their status in each category in accordance with the existing documentation. The results of this research have identified two main types, including research institutes with the mission of supporting science and technology policymaking and research institutes with the mission of creating economic value, as well as two subtypes including a combination of the above two missions and the mission of technology transfer in Iran which have different characteristics. This typology can be used in the recognition, policy making, planning, evaluation and better management of these key actors of the national innovation system.

Management patterns and standards in the deployment phase need to be localized to the needs and requirements of the industry, and this is essential in the nuclear industry as a knowledge-based industry. In this research, using content analysis method and with the tools of library review and interviews with industry experts, an applied standard in accordance with ISO 30401 in 3 dimensions and 14 final concepts for core knowledge management are presented. The main dimensions of requirements in knowledge development, knowledge transfer and conversion and enablers were categorized. In the knowledge development dimension, the concepts of receiving new knowledge, applying current knowledge, preserving current knowledge, and dealing with outdated or invalid knowledge were selected. For the dimension of knowledge transfer and transformation, concepts such as human interaction, knowledge presentation, knowledge combination and internalization and learning, and finally for the enablers dimension, concepts such as human capital, processes, technology and infrastructure, governance and knowledge management culture are categorized. The results of this study, in addition to being fruitful in manufacturing and research organizations for the management of nuclear knowledge, can be used as a reference in the KMAV program of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Export promotion and support for the internationalization of enterprises is always on the public agenda. Export promotion programs are among the policies implemented to remove barriers to the presence of companies especially small and medium-sized companies in international markets. Although the export of technology-based products currently accounts for a small share of the country's exports, but due to the development of the ecosystem of technology-based firms in recent years and the relative success of these companies in meeting the country's needs, these companies have the potential to enter global markets; which is very important for their survival. This article provides a comprehensive overview of studies in the field of export promotion programs and the features and main components of these programs. By presenting a thematic classification of the studies, this study will examine the dimensions of the level of development of societies, functions and management and financial structure of these agencies, efficiency and effectiveness of programs and specific requirements of high technology products. Five main decision-making areas in the field of support programs have been identified: the level of awareness of export development programs, support based on the size or export experience of the company, the level of private sector participation in the board of export promotion agencies, and finally the presence of active diplomatic representatives. Finally, in order to improve the current knowledge of managers, the implications of the studies conducted for export policy makers of technology-based firms will be presented.

This paper is based on a perspective view of the potential of the impact of emerging technologies such as the IoT on developing countries, and, by understanding the challenges of the IoT in Iran, presents a pattern of internet of Things policies in the country. The essence of the present research is exploratory descriptive. In the process of data analysis, the present study utilizes methods of library studies and semi-structured interviews. The method of thematic analysis is the main method of this research. Interviews were analyzed in 548 basic themes, 56 organizing themes, and 13 comprehensive themes. Finally, the themes were formulated as IoT policies in Iran. Among the most important of these policies are the establishment and strengthening of IoT policy bodies with legal competencies for the sustainable development of IoT;to provide a platform for the production of integrated and extensive applications by creative groups based on government oversight and support;localization of IoT in accordance with Iranian Islamic culture for its acceptance and development of internal laws and standards of IoT in line with international standards and active supervision. The major innovation is that it goes beyond the requirements and presents operational policies for the development of IoT.

Knowledge and innovation are the main assets of small and medium-sized technology-based companies in international markets, but the lack of accessible resources necessitates public supports to be successful in this field. In this research, the knowledge types and sources of knowledge acquisition required for internationalization are examined and adapted to each of the company's internationalization stages. In this research first, to explain the types and sources of knowledge in the various stages of internationalization, content analysis with deductive reasoning approach has been used. Then to find policy implications in promoting the knowledge of internationalization of companies, content analysis with inductive reasoning approach has been used based on the data obtained from semi-structured interviews with selected experts. The findings show that the support programs needed to enhance export development knowledge for new-exporters are more diverse and more vital; for growing companies, they have an accelerating role to the higher level, and for the well-established companies in foreign markets, they must be defined and implemented in a targeted and proportionate manner.

Technology-based companies have a good capacity to enter foreign markets due to their technological advantages. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision-making method to prioritize foreign entry modes. Therefore, the research method is a combination of qualitative approach in criteria identification and quantitative approach in prioritizing criteria and entry modes. Frist, by reviewing the research background, influential components on entry mode choice have been identified, including internal factors (organization and its products), and external factors (internal market and foreign market). Then, using the best-worst method the effective criteria for entering foreign markets are ranked. The results show that “product differentiation” and “networking” are the most important ones for these firms. the experts’ view. This is in line with the technological advantage of these companies and on the other hand the limited resources of small and medium companies for foreign investment. Second, from the perspective of a technology-based company with extensive international activities in the field of advanced machinery, entry modes are prioritized using TOPSIS. The results showed that the first choice is the establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary. Actually for the company that has gone through the early stages of internationalization, this method is preferred, both for providing protection of the company's proprietary technology, provides the basis for exports to neighboring countries; also it can indicate that export restrictions from the origin of Iran, increases the orientation of firms towards more risky entry methods.